Essentials of

English Grammar and Composition

Book 3

1. Alphabetical Order
B. 1. dahlia 2. lotus 3. pansy 4. rose 5. sunflower
6. tulip
C. 1. panda 2. panther 3. parrot 4. peacock 5. pelican
6. penguin 7. pigeon 8. puppy

2. The Sentence
B. 1.  2.  3.  4.  5. 
6.  7.  8.  9.  10. 
C. There are, There is, there is, There is, there are, There is
D. 1. There was a very beautiful princess in Nepal.
2. She was interested in dance and music.
3. The king arranged a dance teacher for her.
4. Soon the princess became a world-famous dancer.
5. Her fame spread far and wide.

3. Asking Questions
B. 1. Was it a dark night?
2. Were the stars twinkling in the sky?
3. Was Mukul looking at the stars with great interest?
4. Is Sudha writing a letter to her friend Shalu?
5. Is she very fond of her puppy Zak?
6. Will she be sending Shalu a picture of Zak?
7. Is Zak a very cute and playful puppy?
D. 1. When do you leave for school?
2. Who is the Principal of your school?
3. Who teaches you art and craft?
4. How far is your school from your house?
5. How do you go to school?

4. The Comma
B. 1. John, Sonam, Ajay and Aslam are taking part in the race.
2. I am fond of playing chess, collecting stamps and watching television.
3. Ma’am, the homework was very interesting.
4. Our train stopped at Mathura, Agra, Gwalior and Jhansi.
 Book 3 15

5. Where did you keep my bag, Zaira?

6. Her father is an intelligent, hardworking and loving person.
7. Deepika took her bath, had a cup of tea, listened to some music and went to
play.
8. We purchased a loaf of bread, a bottle of jam, four eggs and two packets of
biscuits.
9. I have to solve ten sums, learn a poem and draw a map.
10. I have already visited Paris, Singapore, Rome, Moscow and Tokyo.
11. At school we study English, Mathematics, Hindi and Science.
12. In indoor games we can play carrom, ludo, badminton and table tennis.

5. Nouns
C. 1. Beerendra, engineer 2. boys, boat, river
3. rose, flower 4. Mary, doll
5. Virat, batsman 6. earth, sun
7. house, market 8. Mumbai, train
9. Taj Mahal, monument 10. cat, rat
11. pictures, book 12. Ruchi, milk, jug
13. Kathmandu, capital, Nepal 14. sugar, tea
15. boys, girls, class 16. letters, parents, friends
17. Ritu, girl 18. Anu, toys, almirah
19. monkeys, elephants, lions, zoo 20. Navya, pen, pencil, eraser, books,
notebooks, bag
D. A rabbit was lying under a tree in a jungle. He looked up and said to himself, “What
will happen to the world if the sky falls down?”
Just then a monkey in the tree dropped a coconut, which fell on the ground near
the rabbit.
“The sky is breaking up and falling down”, the rabbit said and began to run.
A fox saw him running and called after him, “Why are you running so fast?”
“The sky is breaking into pieces and falling down”, said the rabbit.
The fox also began to run.
E. 1. write 2. climb 3. and 4. walk 5. fat
6. soft 7. give
F. 1. water 2. sheep 3. sun 4. nests 5. rose
6. moon 7. pocket 8. elephant
G. 1. cobbler 2. tailor 3. painter 4. teacher 5. nurse
6. barber 7. milkman 8. carpenter 9. postman 10. plumber

6. Nouns: Common and Proper

C. 1. country – Japan; 2. city – Tokyo;
3. building – Gateway of India; 4. cricketer – Shikhar Dhawan;
5. car – Chevrolet; 6. river – Godavari;
7. book – Ramayana; 8. mountain peak – Nanda Devi.
16 Essentials of English Grammar and Composition—Teacher’s Manual

D. Common Nouns Proper Nouns

1. mountain Alps, Europe
2. car Scorpio, Mahindras
3. capital Gandhinagar, Gujarat
4. emperor Akbar, Mughals
5. months December, January, India
6. channels Zee, Sony
7. ocean Pacific
8. home, clouds Meghalaya
E. 1. Shreya Ghoshal has sung some very sweet songs.
2. Agra was the capital of the Mughals.
3. Shri Rabindranath Tagore wrote the Gitanjali.
4. Shri A.S. Khurana is the Principal of D.A.V. Public School.
5. Arjun and Arushi went to Hong Kong by Japan Airlines.
6. The Ganga falls into the Bay of Bengal.
7. Christ’s birthday is known as Christmas.
8. Kanpur and Jaipur are two famous cities of India.

7. Nouns: Singular and Plural

D. One More than one
1. car, office keys
2. country, school children
3. — teeth, minutes
4. tree mangoes
5. — cities
6. fairy mangoes
7. — houses, storeys
8. market knives
9. farmer oxen, fields
10. well washermen, clothes
E. 1. offices 2. friends 3. flowers 4. giraffes
5. glasses 6. dresses 7. wishes 8. dishes
9. heroes 10. tomatoes 11. diaries 12. countries
13. loaves 14. wolves 15. geese 16. mice
17. oxen 18. feet
F. 1. dishes 2. child, kite 3. teeth 4. feet
5. children 6. policemen, gate 7. loaf, peaches 8. Flies, mosquitoes
 Book 3 17

8. Nouns: Gender
C. Masculine uncle washerman horse peacock
Feminine cow lady aunt queen
D. queen, aunt, princess, goddess, madam, peahen, hen, lioness, cow, mare
E. 1. The heroine acted beautifully. F
2. Her husband works very sincerely. M
3. The priest blessed me. M
4. Two ladies want to meet you. F
5. The tigress was very hungry. F
6. Thank you so much, Sir. M
7. The headmistress has not come today. F
8. He wanted to sell his old mare. F
F. 1. washerwoman 2. husband 3. goddess 4. hen
5. uncle

9. ’s
C. 1. the cuckoo’s nest 2. my uncle’s house
3. the policeman’s uniform 4. Lord Ganesha’s temple
5. Sunidhi’s songs 6. Alka’s voice
7. Enid Blyton’s stories 8. Aamir Khan’s movies
9. the king’s orders 10. my mother’s office
E. 1. the teachers’ speeches 2. the students’ song
3. girls’ hostel 4. the doctor’s advice
5. the officers’ cars 6. the Principal’s house
7. the carpenter’s tools
F. 1. We should always follow our parents’ advice.
2. There was a chemistry book in the teacher’s hand.
3. Two assistants also had their seats in the manager’s office.
4. Somebody ran away with the ladies’ purses.
5. The teacher is checking the students’ notebooks.
6. The waiters’ uniforms should be neat.
7. The artist’s pencil was very sharp.

Review 1
A. 1. Kitty was happily sleeping in the sun. (sleeping happily in the sun)
2. A naughty butterfly tickled her nose.
3. Kitty wanted to teach the butterfly a lesson.
4. She sprang after the butterfly but missed.
5. She fell into a thorny bush.
6. The butterfly started laughing at Kitty.
B. 1. How much money did you save?
2. When does your father return home?
18 Essentials of English Grammar and Composition—Teacher’s Manual

3. What was troubling you during the movie?

4. Which questions do you find difficult?
5. Why did you go to sleep so late?
C. 1. Sir, we need a dozen shuttlecocks, six new cricket balls and three table tennis
balls.
2. There are twenty desks, one table, one chair and one white board in this room.
3. Neetu, you must invite Muskan, Lucy and Manjit to your birthday.
4. Tiger, lion and wolf are wild animals.
D. Tina did not like to eat green vegetables like spinach and cabbage. She said she
hated them. Once she went with her mother to a colony where they were building a
new house. Tina saw some workers as they sat down to take their food. They had two
loaves of bread each with a little pickle. They ate their simple meal and drank water.
Then they started working. Tina felt ashamed that she had refused to eat vegetables.
E. 1. Neha is joining Delhi Public School, Vasundhra Enclave, Delhi.
2. Miss Apoorva Ghosh teaches us French.
3. Ankit has just got a pet dog. His name is Tiger.
4. Last Saturday, we went to see the Akshardham Temple.
5. I bought this book written by Ruskin Bond from a shop in Green Park.
F. 1. knife 2. babies 3. butterflies 4. mosquitoes 5. foot
G. 1. hen 2. goddess 3. heroine 4. niece 5. madam
H. 1. Mr Shukla’s laptop 2. the doctors’ flats
3. the class teacher’s instructions 4. the Chief Minister’s orders
5. the children’s stories

10. Adjectives
C. 1. seven 2. new 3. old, deep 4. Lovely
5. Fifteen 6. ripe, juicy 7. little, bitter 8. intelligent, lazy
9. sweet 10. soft, green 11. clear, blue 12. red
13. honest 14. dark, cloudy 15. wet, slippery
D. important, blue, impressive, strong, high, seven, beautiful, hard, grand, interesting.
E. 1. dark night 2. green grass 3. easy question 4. smart child
5. fresh fruit 6. deep sea 7. blue sky 8. narrow street
9. twelve months 10. tall tree 11. long rope 12. sweet voice
F. 1. red 2. Careless 3. heavy 4. woollen 5. honest
6. pure 7. curly 8. brave 9. seven 10. large

11. Comparisons
B. 1. taller than 2. hotter than 3. wider than 4. younger than
5. brighter than 6. more intelligent than 7. heavier than
8. neater than 9. cheaper than 10. more handsome than
D. 1. interesting 2. longer 3. smart 4. lowest 5. best
6. beautiful 7. shorter
 Book 3 19

E. 1. highest 2. sweetest 3. more beautiful 4. best

5. quiet 6. fastest 7. intelligent 8. coldest
9. neat 10. neater

12. A, An, The

E. 1. a 2. an 3. an 4. a 5. a
6. a 7. an 8. a 9. an 10. an
11. an 12. a
F. 1. a 2. the 3. an, an 4. The 5. a, a
6. an 7. The, the 8. The 9. an 10. The, the
G. 1. a 2. a 3. the 4. the 5. a
6. the 7. a, the 8. A, an
H. a, a, a, the, the, the, the, an

13. Pronouns
B. 1. He 2. She 3. her 4. him 5. it
6. They 7. She, him 8. They, them
C. 1. She is skipping. 2. He is eating an apple.
3. It is barking. 4. They are flying.
5. I am reading a story. 6. We are watering the plants.
D. Pronouns Nouns
1. She 1. Neha
2. It 2. star
3. It 3. movie
4. She 4. Jane
5. It 5. sun
6. them 6. Karan and Gautam
7. I, you 7. Mother, Gautam
8. you, I, them 8. Ajay, Sumati, flowers
E. 1. him 2. They 3. us 4. it 5. you
6. I 7. You 8. you

14. Verbs
E. 1. roar 2. croak 3. sells 4. treats 5. teaches
6. Open 7. reached 8. knocked 9. gave 10. live
F. 1. is snowing 2. is picking 3. were swimming 4. was dreaming
5. was going 6. will give 7. is ringing 8. will bring
9. was ploughing 10. were playing
G. 1. is 2. was 3. was 4. have 5. has
6. were 7. had 8. had 9. has 10. is
H. 1. laughing 2. finished 3. making 4. packed 5. go
6. crying 7. singing 8. twinkling 9. do 10. mending
20 Essentials of English Grammar and Composition—Teacher’s Manual

15. Is, Are, Am

E. 1. am 2. are 3. is 4. is 5. are
6. is 7. are 8. is 9. are 10. is
11. are 12. is 13. is 14. am, is 15. are
16. is, is 17. is, Are 18. are, are 19. are, Are 20. am, are

16. Was, Were

D. 1. was 2. was 3. were 4. were 5. was
6. were 7. was 8. was 9. were 10. was
11. was 12. was 13. were 14. were 15. was
E. 1. are 2. is 3. was 4. were 5. are
6. was 7. is 8. am, are 9. are 10. was

17. Have, Has, Had

E. 1. has 2. had 3. has 4. has 5. have
6. had 7. had, has

18. Simple Present Tense

B. 1. greet 2. make 3. keeps 4. plays
5. likes 6. want 7. does 8. catch
9. moves 10. taste
C. 1. drinks 2. love 3. wag 4. writes
5. park 6. changes 7. switches 8. tell
9. throw 10. hits

19. Present Continuous Tense

B. 1. is smiling 2. is sleeping 3. are making 4. am watching
5. is cleaning 6. is cooking 7. is checking 8. are singing
9. is going 10. is helping
C. 1. is running 2. is teaching 3. is painting 4. am flying
5. is combing 6. is bringing 7. is opening 8. are going
9. is eating 10. is shining

20. Simple Past Tense

B. 1. enjoyed 2. filled 3. visited 4. ordered
5. stayed 6. waited 7. barked 8. kicked
9. opened 10. knocked
C. 1. wrote 2. gave 3. made 4. ate
5. fell 6. told 7. hid 8. taught
9. knew, kept
 Book 3 21

21. Simple Future Tense

B. 1. This flight will take off ... 2. I will play badminton ...
3. She will grow ... 4. They will repair ...
5. We will spend ... 6. It will rain ...
7. Manoj will ring ... 8. We will play ...

C. 1. will prepare 2. will learn 3. will call 4. will go

5. will join 6. will become 7. will play 8. will enjoy
9. will blow, will start

22. Can, Cannot; Should, Should not

B. 1. can, cannot 2. cannot 3. can 4. can, cannot
5. can 6. cannot 7. can 8. cannot
9. Can 10. cannot 11. can 12. can
D. 1. should 2. should 3. should not 4. should
5. should 6. should not 7. should 8. should
9. should not 10. should not 11. should not 12. should

23. Short Forms

B. I am — I’m you are — you’re she is — she’s
he will — he’ll we are — we’re they will — they’ll
C. 1. He’s 2. I’m 3. You’re 4. She’s 5. We’ll
E. 1. aren’t — are not 2. can’t — cannot 3. won’t — will not
4. isn’t — is not 5. don’t — do not 6. hasn’t — has not
7. didn’t — did not 8. shouldn’t — should not
F. 1. aren’t 2. doesn’t 3. didn’t 4. Don’t
5. won’t 6. doesn’t, He’s 7. hasn’t 8. We’re, isn’t
9. aren’t, shouldn’t 10. can’t, It’s

Review 2
A.  foolish, tall, big, fresh, clever, sweet, happy.
B. 1. sweetest 2. popular 3. most popular 4. costlier 5. older
C. a, a, a, a, The, a, the, the, a, the, The, a.
D. 1. It 2. you, you 3. you 4. her 5. They, I
E. had, were, had played, put, looked, felt, needed, loved, played, said, go, will leave,
run.
F. 1. are, is, was, was, am.
G. 1. had 2. has, has, 3. had, has 4. has, have
22 Essentials of English Grammar and Composition—Teacher’s Manual

H. 1. Don’t walk on the grass, please.

2. You’re just in time. The teacher hasn’t marked the attendance yet.
3. It won’t be possible for me to meet you tomorrow. I’m too busy.
I. 1. need 2. washes 3. come 4. grows 5. keeps
J. asked, knew, spoke, felt, praised.

24. Adverbs
D. 1. well 2. neatly 3. fast 4. soundly 5. sweetly
6. brightly 7. cleverly 8. bravely 9. hard 10. carefully
11. loudly 12. happily
E. 1. here 2. there 3. above 4. below 5. inside
6. outside 7. everywhere 8. away 9. back 10. up
11. upstairs 12. anywhere
F. 1. yesterday 2. tomorrow 3. today 4. now 5. then
6. today 7. early 8. late 9. then 10. soon
G. heavily, yesterday, loudly, restlessly, anywhere, out, carefully, Soon, there, now
‘How’ adverbs ‘Where’ adverbs ‘When’ adverbs
1. heavily 1. anywhere 1. yesterday
2. loudly 2. out 2. soon
3. restlessly 3. there 3. now
4. carefully
H. 1. correctly 2. fast 3. slowly 4. loudly
5. carefully 6. gently 7. well
I. 1. back 2. outside 3. here 4. up 5. down
J. 1. late 2. early 3. Then 4. yesterday 5. Now

25. Prepositions
C. 1. behind 2. at, on 3. in 4. at, from, to
5. in 6. to 7. of 8. before
9. on 10. to, for 11. by 12. to
13. with 14. after 15. between 16. in front of
17. near 18. with 19. of, from 20. of, from
D. in, on, near, in, on, in, on, above, under, over, in
E. 1. under 2. near 3. on 4. behind 5. on
6. on 7. in 8. in 9. behind 10. under
F. 1. in 2. to 3. between 4. with 5. near
6. at 7. after 8. under 9. before 10. of
11. on 12. by
 Book 3 23

26. Conjunctions
B. 1. and 2. but 3. or 4. because 5. and
6. or 7. but 8. because 9. or 10. but
C. 1. and 2. and 3. but 4. or 5. but
6. because 7. or 8. because
E. 1. because 2. but 3. and 4. but 5. or
6. or 7. because

27. Interjections
B. 1. Alas 2. Bravo 3. Hurrah 3. Oh 5. Ah
6. Wow

28. Understanding Words

A. (a) 1. waste 2. feat 3. lose 4. fined
5. scene 6. meet 7. sum 8. knew
(b) 1. W, hole → whole 2. W, rode → road
3. R 4. W, stair → stare
5. R 6. W, whether → weather
7. R 8. W, steal → steel
B. (a) 1. tiny, small 2. thin, lean 3. help, assist 4. pile, heap
5. fast, quick 6. dull, boring 7. peril, danger 8. pretty, beautiful
(b) Across 3. peaceful 5. answer 8. haste 9. begin 10. unhappy
Down 1. scared 2. smart 4. foolish 6. noisy 7. large
C. (a) 1. far, near 2. lose, find 3. fast, slow 4. hard, soft
5. clean, dirty 6. rude, polite 7. right, wrong 8. proud, humble
(b) 1. unlucky 2. unsafe 3. dishonest 4. unfit
5. disobey 6. unkind 7. disconnect 8. disappear
(c) Across 2. smooth 5. interesting 7. high 8. costly 9. false
Down 1. foolish 3. bright 4. healthy 6. strong 7. heavy
D. 1. rainbow 2. cupboard 3. goldfish 4. birthday
5. peacock 6. newspaper 7. doormat 8. matchbox
E. 1. keep 2. speak 3. treat 4. sleep
5. steam 6. sheep 7. cream 8. need
F. 1. table 2. wolf 3. heart 4. stale
5. star 6. peach 7. quiet 8. garden

Review 3
A. 1. now, When adverb 2. patiently, How adverb 3. outside, Where adverb
4. smartly, How adverb 5. soon, When adverb 6. here, Where adverb
24 Essentials of English Grammar and Composition—Teacher’s Manual

B. 1. with 2. at 3. at 4. over 5. on
6. with, before
C. 1. or 2. but 3. but 4. because 5. and
6. because 7. or
D. 1. meet—meat 2. feat—feet
3. deer—dear 4. Principle—Principal
5. steal—steel 6. whole—hole
7. sale—sail
E. 1. pronoun 2. verb
3. noun 4. adverb
5. adjective 6. preposition
7. interjection
F. 1. are 2. went
3. long 4. here
5. Ah 6. in
7. but
G. 1. verb 2. verb
3. adjective 4. adverb
5. interjection 6. preposition
7. conjunction
H. 1. CAT, noun 2. EAT, verb
3. NICE, adjective 4. OUT, adverb
5. IN, preposition 6. IT, pronoun
7. AND, conjunction

29. Reading Comprehension

A. 1. (a) — (iii) The bicycle
(b) — (iii) Saloni often goes to meet Richa.
2. (a) Her uncle gave her the new bicycle.
(b) ... because Saloni had stood first in a cycle race in her school.
(c) The bag is behind the seat of the bicycle.
(d) The seat is made of (brown) leather.
(e) There is a large shiny bell on the handlebar.
(f) In the evening, Saloni rides her bicycle down the lane behind her house.
(g) Her friend Richa lives in the last house of the lane.
3. Students’ individual response.
B. 1. (a) — (iii) The Clever Fox and the Silly Goat
(b) — (i) We should think before doing anything.
 Book 3 25

2. (a) The fox fell into a deep well.

(b) The fox could not get out of the well because the well was very deep.
(c) He tried his best to get out of the well but failed. So he just waited for
someone to come and help.
(d) A goat passed by after some time.
(e) The goat was silly.
(f) The fox got out of the well first.
(g) No, the goat wasn’t able to get out of the well.
(h) The goat was left in the well and drowned in the end.
3. The goat was quite silly.
C. 1. (a) — (iii) brown
(b) — (iii) both of them
2. (a) F (b) F (c) T (d) T (e) F
3. (a) The crow is fond of eating the food man eats.
(b) The crow usually steals food.
(c) The crow usually makes its nest in the branches of tall trees.
D. 1. (a) six (b) cupboard (c) favourite (d) Liza
(e) golden, black (f) toy train (g) five (h) two
(i) birthday presents (j) carefully
2. (a) Karan is the younger of the two children.
(b) Liza begins to sing when Sumi touches Liza’s lips.
(c) Karan’s train runs on a small track.
3. It stops if the signal is red. After one minute, the signal turns green and the
train begins to move again.
E. 1. sunny, dust, clouds, tea, shining, use, rain
2. (a) Butterfly Lane (b) Perfectly
(c) But there isn’t a cloud in the sky, And the dust is a-blowing
(d) Is not, everywhere is, I have

30. Listening Comprehension

D. 1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (c) 5. (b)
E. 1.  2.  3.  4.  5. 
6.  7.  8. 
F. 1. (c) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (c) 5. (b)
G. 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. T 6. T
H. 1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (c) 5. (c) 6. (b)
I. 2
26 Essentials of English Grammar and Composition—Teacher’s Manual

31. Composition
B. Students’ individual response.
C. Students’ individual response.
D. Students’ individual response.
E. Students’ individual response.
F. birthday, 5 p.m., Thursday 26th August, come, along, you, inviting, fun
G. Students’ individual response.
H. 729 Ajmal Khan Road
Karol Bagh
New Delhi—110 005
August 24, 20– –
Dear Soumya
Thank you very much for your invitation to attend your birthday party. I will surely
join. And I will bring my sister Nishtha along with me.
Love.
Yours sincerely
Aastha
I. Students’ individual response.
J. Students’ individual response.
K. Students’ individual response.
L. It is an open-ended exercise. The following is given as an example:
Miss Ruchi Thakur
33 Outram Lines
Delhi—110 009
M. 33 Outram Lines
Delhi—110 009
August 24, 20– –
Dear Soumya
Thank you for your invitation. I wanted to come. But I have my English test the
next day and I have to prepare for it. So I am sorry I won’t be able to join you. I
wish your brother a very happy birthday in advance. I hope you will have plenty
of fun.
Love.
Yours sincerely
Ruchi
N. Students’ individual response.
O. drinking, clear, proud, beautiful, ugly, himself, horns, bush, escape, killed.