ACE 103 PRESE

READING PART

2024-2025

Instructo
r:
Ekaterin
a
Chicheri
na
Content

Week 2. Inventions......................................................................................................................................................3
Week 3. Six Fields Of Engineering...............................................................................................................................7
Week 4. What should be done?................................................................................................................................11
Week 5. Engineering for Humanity: A Crucial Catalyst for Progress..........................................................................24
Week 10. Hard Skills vs Soft Skills..............................................................................................................................29
Week 11. Imaging in Engineering: A Technological Perspective................................................................................36
Week 12. The Interdisciplinary Nature of Engineering..............................................................................................42

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 Week 2. Inventions
A. Discuss the following questions with your partners.

1. What is the best invention of all time? Why?

2. Do you know any failed inventions? If so, explain them to
your partners.

B. Watch the video and take notes below.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b9qZWG-07M8

Why haven’t we heard about Douglas Engelbart but Steve Jobs?

Stephanie Kwolek

Morton Heilig

Wilson Greatbatch

Henry Ford’s words:

C. Match the words with their definitions.

convert installation plug in align steeply output carry out preliminary assemble

Definitions:
a. to connect an electrical device to a power source or another device using a cable.
b. to perform or complete a task or plan as intended.
c. something that happens before the main event or action, often as preparation.
d. to put together various parts to create a whole item or structure.
e. at a sharp angle or incline; often describes a quick rise or fall.
f. the process of putting something in place so it can be used, like software or equipment.
g. the amount of something produced or delivered by a machine or system.
h. to arrange things in a straight line or in proper position with each other.
i. to change something into a different form or use.

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 D. Read the texts below and answer the relevant questions according to the texts.

The electric revolution

(1) The main reasons why electric cars are not more popular at present are
their price and their relatively small range. Existing battery systems only allow
electric cars to travel a distance of between 100 and 160 km. However, this
distance may not be a problem for urban drivers. A recent Sydney study reported
that 70 percent of journeys were 30 km or less, and recent data from the US
suggests that 70 percent of trips taken there are 48 km or less.

(2) An innovative company called Better Place is aiming to make electric cars an option for all
drivers. It wants to see existing vehicles replaced by electric vehicles which, it says, offer a number of
benefits. Firstly, they can be powered by renewable energy which produces zero emissions. What is more,
electric motors are more efficient and can convert more than 90 percent of power into movement, whereas
the efficiency of diesel or petrol engines is less than 20 percent. To achieve its aim, Better Place plans to
use technology which is already available.

(3) The plan is simple but revolutionary. It starts with the installation of a home charge point, and
through this, the vehicle will be plugged into the electricity grid whenever it is in the garage, typically at
night. In the morning, with a fully charged battery, the car is capable of as much as 160 km in urban
motoring conditions. In addition to the home charge point, the battery can be topped up by charge points at
work and at supermarkets.

(4) The battery is linked to a control center by smart technology inside the vehicle. Better Place can
then ensure that the car is charged with electricity from renewable sources at the cheapest price. For
longer trips, a navigation system directs the driver to the nearest switch station, where the depleted battery
can be replaced with a charged one by a robot within a couple of minutes.

1. What does the study done by Sydney claim?

2. According to paragraph 2, what are the advantages of electric cars?

3. How is the electric car charged?

4. What happens if the electric car driver wants to drive long distances?

Air conditioning

(1) Willis Carries designed the first air-conditioning unit in 1902,

just a year after graduating from Cornell University with a Masters in
Engineering. At a Brooklyn printing plant, fluctuations in heat and moisture
were causing the size of the printing paper to keep changing slightly,
making it hard to align different colors. Carrier’s invention made it possible
to control temperature and humidity levels and so align the colors. The
invention also allowed industries such as film, processed food, textiles, and pharmaceuticals to improve the
quality of their products.

(2) In 1914, the first air-conditioning device was installed in a private house. However, its size took
up too much space to come into widespread use, and later models which Carrier brought out in the 1920s,
cost too much for most people. Cooling for human comfort, rather than industrial need, really took off when
three air conditioners were installed in the J.L. Hudson Department Store in Detroit, Michigan. People
crowded into the shop to experience the new invention. The fashion spread from department stores to
cinemas, whose income rose steeply as a result of the comfort they provided.
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 (3) To start with, money-conscious employers regarded air conditioning as a luxury. They
considered that if they were paying people to work, they should not be paying for them to be comfortable as
well. So, in the 1949s and ’50s, the industry started putting out a different message about its product:
according to their research, installing air-conditioning increased productivity amongst employees. They
found that typists increased their output by 24% when transferred from a regular office to a cooled one.
Another study into office working conditions, which was carried out in the late ’50s, showed that the majority
of companies cited air conditioning as the single most important contributor to efficiency in offices.

(4) However, air-conditioning has its critics. Jed Brown, an environmentalist, complains that air
conditioning is a factor in global warming. Unfortunately, he adds, because air conditioning leads to higher
temperatures, people have to use it even more. However, he admits that it provides a healthier
environment for many people in the heat of summer.

1. What made Carrier invent the air conditioning?

2. What were the reasons that air conditioning did not become common when it was invented initially?
3. What is the result of the study made by the air-conditioning industry?
4. What do some critics think about air conditioning?
Rubik’s cube

(1) Erno Rubik first studied sculpture and then later architecture in Budapest,
where he went on to become a teacher of interior design. It was while he was working
as a teacher that he began the preliminary work on an invention that he called the
“Magic Cube”.

(2) Rubik was inspired by geometric puzzles such as the Chinese tangram, a
puzzle consisting of various triangles, a square and a parallelogram which can be
combined to create different shapes and figures. However, unlike the tangram, which is two-dimensional,
Rubik was more interested in investigating how three-dimensional forms, such as the cube, could be
moved and combined to produce other forms.

(3) His design consisted of a cube made up of layers of individual smaller cubes, and each smaller
cube could be turned in any direction except diagonally. To ensure that the cubes could move
independently, without falling apart, Rubik first attempted to join them together using elastic bands.
However, this proved to be impossible, so Rubik then solved the problem by assembling them using a
rounded interior. This permitted them to move smoothly and easily. He experimented with different ways of
marking the smaller cubes, but ended up with the simple solution of giving a different color to each side.
The object was to twist the layers of small cubes so that each side of the large cube was an identical color.

(4) Rubik took out a patent for the Cube in 1977 and started manufacturing it in the same year. The
Cube came to the attention of a Hungarian businessman, Tibor Laczi, who then demonstrated it at the
Nuremberg Toy Fair. When British toy expert Tom Kremer saw it, he thought it was amazing and he
persuaded a manufacturer, Ideal Toys, to produce 1 million of them in 1979. Ideal Toys renamed the Cube
after the toy’s inventor, and in 1980, Rubik’s Cube was shown at toy fairs all over the world. It won that
year’s prize in Germany for the Best Puzzle. Rubik’s Cube is believed to be the world’s best-selling puzzle;
since its invention, more than 300 million Cubes have been sold worldwide.

1. According to paragraph 2, what was Rubik’s intention?

2. How did Rubik solve the design problem?

3. What is aimed at playing with Cube?

4. How did the Cube become popular?

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Task: From advancements in artificial intelligence technologies to 3D printing, the last few years have been major in
technology. As cutting-edge technologies reach the market and are integrated, business strategies may evolve as
well. These are some ideas that are likely to impact the business sphere:
 5G Networks
 Mainstream blockchain apps
 More AI-enabled platforms for automated work
 Machine learning for customer service
 3D Printing
 New Security Measures
 Augmented Reality
 More AI solutions for small – to medium-sized business
 Wearable tech
 Optimized communication
Retrieved from https://thenextweb.com/contributors/2018/11/30/10-innovative-technologies-with-potential-impact-for-business/

Stage 1

Discuss and decide on a product or service from the list above or something totally new. You will try to
persuade the investors to invest in your product/service. Make notes during your discussion in order to
make a short presentation to another team.

Stage 2

Give a brief presentation about your product/service, and answer any questions they might have. Try to
persuade your audience to invest in your own product/service.

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 Week 3. Six Fields Of Engineering

A. Discuss with your partner:

1. What engineering types do you know?

2. How does engineering help the society?

B. Match a word with its definition.

1. Encompassing a. Bringing in new ideas, methods, or technologies; known for

being creative.

2. Interdisciplinary b. Very detailed and thorough; looking closely at all aspects.

3. Pervasive c. Involving more than one area of study or subject.

4. Innovative d. Custom-made or specially designed for a particular person

or purpose.

5. Infrastructure e. The basic structures and facilities (like buildings, roads, and
power supplies) needed for a society to work.

6. Diverse f. Spreading everywhere; existing or happening all around.

7. Discipline g. Making a first, usually smaller version of a product or

system to test and check.

8. Prototyping h. Having a lot of differences; varied or showing variety.

9. In-depth i. Including a lot of different ideas, subjects, or things.

10. Bespoke j. An area of knowledge or study, often in higher education

C. Read the text

A Guide to the Six Fields of Engineering

Are you thinking about becoming an engineer? That’s a good place to start, but it’s also a bit like saying “I want to
cook.” What do you want to cook? What kind of expertise will it involve? Engineering, broadly, is the art of designing
and building. It can be broken down into six types of engineering, encompassing everything from manufacturing to
aerospace to computer software.

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Engineering is behind all of the infrastructure, facilities and man-made appliances in your everyday life. Many of
these things share common features but have key practical and functional differences. For example, a microwave
and a washing machine are both metal boxes, with a door, buttons and an information display. Where they differ is
that microwaves use radiation to provide heat energy, while washing machines use water and motion to clean
clothes. The work involved in designing each of these will differ greatly and require separate skills, but they both
come under the work of a Mechanical Engineer.

What else can a Mechanical Engineer do? And what other kinds of engineering are out there?

Historically, engineering was grouped into four main disciplines; Civil, Chemical, Mechanical and Electrical. As
modern technology has advanced, Aeronautical/Aerospace and Computer engineering have become new fields in
their own right.

This in-depth guide will break down the six fields of engineering.

1. Civil Engineering

Often considered the “original” field of engineering, civil engineering originated from the designing and building of
general infrastructure; bridges, roads, structures and waterways.

These structures have been around for millennia, and engineers have worked on these types of projects from the
beginnings of civilisation. The aqueducts of Ancient Rome and Greece are prime examples of this. As time
progressed, the work of the civil engineer broadened to include the following types of engineering as Architectural,
Constuction, Earthquake, Ecological, Environment, Fire protection, Geothechnical, Hydraulic, Mining, Highway and
Railway, etc. This is because the other disciplines formed when their work became so specific that they needed
dedicated work and resources in their own right. Civil engineering is arguably the most broad and diverse field of
engineering.

2. Mechanical Engineering

Mechanical engineering is a very broad discipline, dealing with the improvement and modification of mechanical
components and systems through the dynamic motion of machines, fluids, heat and structures among others. The
field of mechanical engineering originated many hundreds of years ago; the manufacturing of the wheel and the
creation of furnaces to create metals and glass are some early examples. Nowadays, this discipline has expanded to
include the various types of engineering, such as Acoustic, Audio, Automotive, Manufacturing, Marine, Nuclear,
Thermal etc.

3. Chemical Engineering

Chemical engineering concerns the transformation of raw materials into useful, innovative products. The chemistry
background allows engineers to make the most out of raw elements to create fuels, drugs and construction
materials. Often collaborating with chemists, chemical engineers take the theoretical understanding learned by
chemists and implement it practically in everyday life. Common types of chemical engineering are Drilling, Process, ,
Petroleum, Plastics and Production.

4. Electrical Engineering

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Electrical engineering – the last of the core four fields of engineering – advances the fields of electricity and
electromagnetism. Electrical engineers utilize the principles of electricity (relying on maths and physics) to design
power grids, computer circuits, software programs, power supplies and many other things. Electrical engineers can
be found working in the areas of Electronics and micro-electronics, Software, Control, Power, and Telecom-
unications.

5. Aerospace and Aeronautical Engineering

Aerospace and aeronautical engineering comes under Mechanical Engineering, but it deserves to be called a field in
its own right. The aerospace industry is large, complicated and very technical.

Flight and space vehicles are subject to demanding conditions of changing pressure, temperature and different
structural loads. Therefore, many engineering disciplines are involved in the process of designing and building them;
avionics, materials, structural analysis and manufacturing are key examples. This field is very interdisciplinary and
demands a complex overlap of skills and resources; as a result, it can be hard to source the relevant professionals. As
a field of engineering in its own right, the industry is better able to manage itself. For example, a company may have
to source a chemical engineer to aid material design, which is a significant leap between industries for a chemical
engineer. The alternative is to build a workforce of people who have broadly studied all the main components
required by aerospace/aeronautical engineering, and who later specialize to their main interest, e.g., materials
science. This means that aerospace/aeronautical engineers are more committed to this industry and develop
bespoke skill sets that apply directly to this unique field of engineering.

6. Computer Engineering

Computer engineering concerns the design and prototyping of computing hardware and software, merging the fields
of electrical engineering with computer science. There is significant overlap with the skills learned through computer
science degrees and computer engineering, such as computer graphics and network security. Where computer
engineering stands out from other fields is in the design and development of microprocessor and microcontroller
systems, computer architecture and VHDL (hardware description language) design. As technology becomes ever
more powerful, and even smaller, the need for computer engineers will grow. This could make computer
engineering the best field of engineering for the future.

The impact of engineering in our daily lives is both profound and pervasive. From the moment we wake up and
interact with our smart devices to the efficient transportation systems that take us to work, engineering solutions
are interwoven into the fabric of our existence. As engineering students, recognizing the significance of our chosen
field empowers us to contribute to the ongoing narrative of innovation and progress. Each breakthrough, no matter
how small, has the potential to redefine the way we live, work, and connect with the world. Embracing the spirit of
innovation, we become the architects of a future where engineering continues to shape and elevate everyday life.

Source: https://www.oxfordscholastica.com/blog/guide-six-fields-of-engineering/

D. Answer the questions:

1. Why does the author use the analogy of "I want to cook" when discussing the decision to become an
engineer?

2. What is the fundamental definition of engineering, according to the text?

3. In what way do a microwave and a washing machine illustrate the diversity within the field of engineering?

4. Why did the four main disciplines of engineering (Civil, Chemical, Mechanical, Electrical) expand into new
fields, according to the text?
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 5. What are the key examples of engineering disciplines involved in the aerospace and aeronautical
engineering field, and why is this field considered interdisciplinary?

6. How does computer engineering stand out from other fields of engineering, and what skills does it
emphasize?

E. Task: You are going to give a short 3-5 minutes presentation according to the topics below:

 Engineering Eases the Life

 Types of Engineering

 Machines

 Computers Everywhere

Choose a topic and get ready for 15 minutes. Present your topic to your partner.

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 Week 4. What should be done?
1. Answer the questions.

1. Compare the housing in the picture with the housing in the place where you live. How similar or different are
they?
2. Do you think there is enough new housing where you live?

2. Listen to the presentation about the graph. Do the task ‘True or False’.

Glossary

keep pace with: To advance or progress at the same rate as someone or something else; to stay up-to-date or
competitive.
property ladder: A concept representing the stages of homeownership, starting with a smaller, more affordable
property and gradually moving to larger, more expensive ones as one's income and equity increase.
unsustainable: Incapable of being maintained at the current rate or level; using resources faster than they can be
replenished, or causing damage that cannot be repaired.

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 1) Choose True or False.
1. The prices suddenly became lower in 2008.
True
False

2. There was an increase in prices in 2017.

True
False

3. Housing prices are higher in Paris and Vienna.

True
False

4. The rising number of people is one of the causes of increased housing prices.

True
False

5. London’s population is anxious about rising housing prices.

True
False

6. Salaries have risen as much as housing prices over this period.

True
False

2) Complete the sentences with the words below.

slightly
steadily
increase
peak
rocketed
sharp
levelled off
recovered

1. As you can see, prices rose ________ up to 2008, when there was a ________ fall.
2. However, you can see how prices had ________ by 2012 and from then on, they ________ , increasing by
over £160,000 over the next five years.
3. That’s an ________ of 62 per cent!
4. Property prices look as if they have ________ since 2017 and they are set to fall ________ over the coming
year, suggesting they may have reached their ________.

3) Answer the questions.

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1. How affordable is housing for most people in your country?

2. Have housing prices in your country gone up or down recently?

3. Is it more common to rent or buy housing? Why?

3. Vocabulary Focus: trends

1) Read the information

Most words for describing rise or fall of numbers can be used as both a noun and a verb.

e.g. Profits declined by 10%. = There was a 10% decline in profits.

e.g. The number of unemployed people increased. = There was an increase in the number of unemployed
people.

We can use adverbs with verbs or adjectives with nouns to describe how numbers changed.

e.g The prices rose steadily up to 2014. = There was a steady rise in the prices up to 2014.

e.g. The numbers fell sharply in 2002. = There was a sharp fall in the numbers in 2002.

It is possible to use other words and phrases to describe trends:

slump – a sudden fall in something; fall suddenly,

crash – a sudden serious fall; fail suddenly and quickly,

recover – return to a normal state,

level off – stay at a steady level after a period of sharp rises or falls,

rocket – increase very quickly and suddenly,

reach a peak – reach the highest point,

bounce back – return to the previous high level.

2) Match the sentences with the pictures.

1. The market has bounced back.
2. There was a serious slump.
3. It reached its peak before falling back.
4. Sales have levelled off after a period of rises and falls.
5. The shares have rocketed.
6. The number is predicted to decline steadily over time.

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3) Choose the correct option.

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Here we can see the percentage of growth in housing prices in China over a period of 12
years. According to the line graph, prices _(1)__ steadily from 2010 until 2013, when there
was a _(2)__ increase. Strong demand and a lack of new homes in central districts in major
cities were pushing prices up during that period.

However, prices had _(3)__ to an all-time low by 2015. It took two years for prices to
_(4)__ and from then on, they continued to _(5)__ steadily up to 2019. After that there
was a slight _(6)__ and as housing prices _(7)__ again, they seem to have _(8)__ in 2021.
Now prices are declining gradually and analysts expect them to remain unchanged for the
year.

1. a) fell
b) rose
2. a) sharp
b) steady
3. a) crashed
b) rocketed
4. a) decline
b) recover
5. a) fall
b) rise
6. a) decline
b) increase
7. a) crashed
b) increased
8. a) reached their peak
b) slumped

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4. Talk about the main trends in the graph.

Speaking Focus: describing trends

There was a steady/sharp decline/fall/rise/increase.

The numbers declined/fell/rose/increased slightly/steadily.

The numbers slumped/crashed.

There was a slump/crash.

The numbers levelled off / recovered.

The numbers bounced back / rocketed.

The population growth reached a peak.

The numbers fell/rose to an all-time low/high.

e.g. There was a sharp increase in the percentage of population growth in 1950. Then…

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 5. Listen to the presentation about the photo and do the tasks.

Glossary
congestion: the state of being crowded and full of traffic, causing difficulties
consistently: doing something regularly or repeatedly in the same manner.
cul-de-sac [ˈkʌldəsak]: a street or passage closed at one end; a blind alley or dead end. ıt often refers to a
street with a circular turnaround at its closed end.
footpath: a path or trail specifically intended for pedestrians.
sustainable: able to be maintained at a certain rate or level.

1) Listen and choose the correct option:

1. One of the main features the photo illustrates is that residential areas in many cities are
constructed around the use of cars/ close to the city centre/ near schools and shops.
2. There aren’t usually any cars/ footpaths/ roads in the developments like that.
3. Housing developments like this lead to sustainable lifestyle/ the increased use of public transport/
too many cars on the roads.
4. People who suffer the most from the problems caused by such developments are car drivers/
people without cars/ residents of these developments.

2) Complete the sentences with the words below:

means question
notice leads to
as you can see let’s turn
signifies obvious point

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1. The first and perhaps most __________ is how the development is right next to some major roads and it
__________ how cities have become built around car use.
2. __________, the houses are organised in rows – often in cul-de-sacs like this, where the road goes
nowhere.
3. You will also __________ that there aren’t even any footpaths.
4. That __________ half of these houses you see here will have multiple cars.
5. That, in turn, __________ increased congestion, which has been getting consistently worse in the city over
the last ten years.
6. The __________ is what to do? Should we control the development or manage their consequences? …
__________ to that now.

3) Answer the questions.

1. Are there any similar housing developments in your city?
2. Would you like to live in a residential area like this? Why (not)?

6. Speaking Focus: giving a presentation with visuals

1) Read the expressions.

Explaining what the visual is about
The graph/chart/photo (here) shows…
This is a photo of…

Summarising the overall trend or core message

As you can see, (the prices have risen).
I think it illustrates (a number of points regarding)…

Highlighting some key features of the visual

The first and perhaps most obvious point is…
It signifies…
You will also notice that…
From then on…, increasing/decreasing by…

Providing a comparison

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Just as a comparison, …
That’s the equivalent of…

Explaining causes
It accounted for (much of the rise).
It is down to (a number of factors).

Explaining effects of the main trend

It causes (concern/tension).
It means that (people must suffer).
It leads to (increased homelessness).
It gives rise to (protests/congestion).
As a consequence, (prices rose sharply).

Showing the end of the section and what you will talk about next
What should be done about…?
The question is (what’s causing this)?
Let’s turn to that now.
Let’s look at some possibilities.

2) Match the sentence halves.

a. rise to speculations about the company’s closing
b. that our sales have decreased
c. to the decline of rural communities
d. down to low mortgage interest rates
e. what should we do about it
f. look at some of those possibilities
g. for more than half all crimes reported
h. consequence, there was a population growth
i.
1. We have a supply problem. This means _______ .
2. House burglaries and car thefts account _______ .
3. The question is _______ .?
4. The quality of life improved. As a _______ .
5. There are a few things we can do. Let’s _______ .
6. The problems with funding gave _______ .
7. The increased demand for housing could be _______ .
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 8. Such actions would most likely lead _______ .

3) Discuss possible causes and effects of these situations.

1.rising housing prices
e.g. Causes: It can be down to two factors. First of all, the lack of houses for sale accounts for high prices. And secondly, as there
are more young families now, they all want to have their own place to live, which increases the demand for housing.
Effects: Rising housing prices mean that only a small number of people can actually afford them. As a consequence, there can be
more homeless people. Also, higher prices may lead to an expansion of new house building as construction companies want to
make more profit.
2. increased life expectancy
3. the rising number of people going to university
4. depopulation in rural areas
5. global warming

7. Give a presentation on one of the visuals.

e.g. The graph shows the percentage of people living in urban and rural areas over a period of one
hundred years. The first and perhaps most obvious point is…

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e.g. This is a photo of a big city, probably a megacity. I think it illustrates a number of points
regarding…

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 Week 5. Engineering for Humanity: A Crucial Catalyst for
Progress

A. Watch the video at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FHlgTmiLsF8 and answer the questions below.

1. What project did the National Academy of Engineering undertake?

2. What are some of the great achievements of the 20th century?

3. How has engineering transformed the world over the past century?

4. What are the four themes in the Grand Challenges for engineering?

5. Why is the theme "joy of living" considered important in the Grand Challenges for engineering?

6. What role do engineers play in transforming the world and making it better?

B. Match each vocabulary item from the article with its corresponding definition and do the exercise below

1. Innovation a. The study and application of combining principles

from engineering and the life sciences.

2. Sustainable b. The process of making something capable of

withstanding pressure or damage.

3. Resilient c. The removal of contaminants from something

4. Interdisciplinary d. The ability to maintain balance and avoid depletion

of natural resources.

5. Mitigation e. The act of lessening the severity or impact of

something, such as a disaster.

6. Originality f. The quality of being clever, original, and inventive.

7. Diagnostics g. The introduction of new ideas, methods, or

products.

8. Purification h. The branch of engineering that deals with the

design and construction of structures such as buildings
and bridges.

9. Environmental i. Able to recover quickly from difficulties or

sustainability challenges.

10. Civil engineering j. The process of identifying the nature or cause of a

certain phenomenon, especially a disease.

FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH AN APPROPRIATE FORM OF THE WORD IN BRAKETS

1. Being ___________ is essential for staying ahead in today's competitive market. (Innovate)
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 2. We must find ways to ___________ our natural resources for future generations. (Sustainable)

3. The ___________ of a community is tested during times of adversity. (Resilient)

4. Solutions to complex problems often require ___________ . (Interdisciplinary)

5. Efforts to ___________ the effects of climate change are critical for the planet's survival. (Mitigation)

6. The artist uses an ________ approach in his works. (Originality)

7. Advanced ___________ tools help doctors diagnose illnesses more accurately. (Diagnostics)

8. Water treatment plants ___________ drinking water. (Purification)

9. Pollution poses a threat to our ___________ . (Environmental)

10. ___________ are often the primary victims of collateral damage in conflicts. (Civil)

C. Read and annotate the text.

Engineering for Humanity: A Crucial Catalyst for Progress

James O’Neil

Engineering is a multifaceted discipline that plays a pivotal role in shaping the world we live in today. From
developing innovative technologies to solving complex problems, engineers contribute significantly to the
betterment of society. This article explores the profound importance of engineering for humanity, highlighting its
impact on various aspects of our lives.

One of the primary contributions of engineering to humanity is the continuous stream of technological
advancements and innovations. Engineers strive to push the boundaries of what is possible, creating solutions that
enhance the quality of life for people around the globe (Smith, 2020). For example, the development of renewable
energy technologies, such as solar and wind power, has the potential to address serious environmental issues and
reduce our dependence on fossil fuels (Jones & Brown, 2019).

Engineering also plays a crucial role in advancing healthcare, leading to improved diagnostics, treatments, and
patient care. Medical imaging technologies, prosthetics, and life-saving devices are all outcomes of engineering
originality (Johnson et al., 2018). The interdisciplinary nature of biomedical engineering, which combines principles
from engineering and the life sciences, has led to groundbreaking discoveries and innovations in the healthcare
sector (Lee & Shuler, 2021).

The impact of engineering on the development of infrastructure cannot be overstated, either. Engineers design and
construct buildings, bridges, roads, and other critical infrastructure that support the functioning of modern society
(Williams, 2021). Effective urban planning, facilitated by civil engineers, ensures sustainable and resilient cities that
can withstand the challenges of a rapidly growing global population (Brown & Brown, 2020).

In an era of increasing environmental concerns, engineering also plays a significant role in developing sustainable
solutions. Environmental engineers work to address issues such as pollution, resource depletion, and climate change
(Smith & Johnson, 2017). From designing eco-friendly buildings to developing water purification technologies,
engineers are instrumental in finding ways to balance human development with environmental conservation (Taylor
et al., 2022).

Furthermore, engineering contributes significantly to disaster mitigation and response efforts. Civil and structural
engineers design structures to withstand natural disasters, while technology-driven solutions aid in early warning
23
systems and emergency response planning (Fong & Adams, 2019). The field of disaster engineering focuses on
minimizing the impact of disasters and enhancing resilience in affected communities (Chan, 2018).

The importance of engineering for humanity cannot be overstated. Through technological advancements, healthcare
innovations, infrastructure development, environmental sustainability efforts, and disaster mitigation, engineers
shape the world in which we live. As we navigate complex challenges and strive for a better future, the role of
engineering remains essential in driving progress and improving the overall well-being of humanity.

D. Answer the questions below.

1. What are some examples of technological advancements mentioned in the article and how do they benefit
humanity?

2. How does engineering contribute to healthcare, and what is an example of a medical innovation discussed in
the text?

3. Why is urban planning considered a crucial aspect of engineering, and what does effective urban planning
aim to achieve?

4. In what ways does engineering address environmental concerns, and what is the role of environmental
engineers?
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 5. How does engineering contribute to disaster mitigation and response, and what role do civil and structural
engineers play in this context?

E. Reflect on the diverse contributions of engineering outlined in the article. Consider the various aspects such as
technological advancements, healthcare innovations, infrastructure development, environmental sustainability, and
disaster mitigation. Write a response paragraph of 250 words discussing which aspect of engineering you find most
fascinating and why. Use at least one in-text citation from the text.

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 Week 10. Hard Skills vs Soft Skills

A. Watch the video at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0FFLFcB9xfQ and complete the following sentences

by filling in the blanks with the appropriate words:

1. _________________________ skills are specific to your job and involve tasks that you need to perform. For
example, a chef's __________________ skill could be _________________________ .

2. Soft skills, on the other hand, are more _________________________ skills that you use when interacting with
others. Examples of soft skills include _________________________ and adaptability.

3. Hard skills are typically learned through _________________________ or previous work experience, and they are
more _________________________ because they are specific and measurable.

4. In contrast, soft skills are _________________________ to develop, and you may need to practice them over time
in real-world situations. They come naturally to some people, while others may find them
_________________________ .

5. Employers can easily evaluate your hard skills by looking at your _________________________ and certifications.
Soft skills, however, are harder to _________________________ and are usually assessed during interviews or your
initial weeks on the job.

6. Despite their _________________________, both hard and soft skills are essential if you want to be
_________________________ or succeed in your current job.

B. What do you think are some hard and soft skills you need to develop as a (future) engineer?

C. Match the adjectives in the first column with the nouns in the second one.

1. technical a. understanding
2. professional b. expertise
3. comprehensive c. growth
4. diverse d. viewpoints

D. Match the verbs in the first column with the words/phrases in the second one. There may be more than one
possibility at times.

1. to articulate a. decision-making
2. to facilitate b. outside the box
3. to foster c. unexpected issues
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 4. to think d. creativity and innovation
5. to address e. risks
6. to mitigate/eliminate f. challenges
7. to navigate g. complex information to
someone

E. Read the text and match the following headings with the correct paragraphs.

A. Challenges and Opportunities

B. Client and Stakeholder Relations
C. Communication Skills
D. Leadership
E. Problem-solving Abilities:
F. Teamwork and Collaboration

The Importance of Soft Skills for Engineers

Helen Jewel

Engineering, a field traditionally associated with technical proficiency, is experiencing a paradigm shift in its
expectations of professionals. Beyond technical expertise, the importance of soft skills for engineers, defined
by Smith (2020, p. 112) as “attributes that complement technical know-how, which include effective
communication, teamwork, adaptability, problem-solving, and emotional intelligence”, is gaining
recognition. This paper explores the crucial role that soft skills play in the success of engineers, examining
how effective communication, teamwork, problem-solving, and emotional intelligence contribute to
professional growth and overall career advancement.

1. One of the foundational soft skills for engineers is effective communication. Engineers must communicate
complex technical information to both technical and non-technical audiences. Clear communication ensures
that project specifications are understood, preventing errors and delays (Jones & Brown, 2018). In this way,
all stakeholders, regardless of their technical expertise, have a comprehensive understanding of the project.
When technical details are effectively communicated, everyone involved can align their efforts toward
common goals. It is also important to note that in engineering projects, decisions need to be made at various
stages, and these decisions often involve technical considerations. When engineers can articulate complex
information to decision-makers who may not have a technical background, it facilitates decision-making,
leading to more effective project outcomes.

2. Engineering projects are rarely solitary endeavors. Engineers work within diverse teams, each contributing
unique skills to achieve common goals. Teamwork is essential for efficient problem-solving, and the
successful completion of projects (Miller et al., 2021). Collaboration also fosters creativity and innovation.
Interactions within a team lead to the exchange of ideas and diverse viewpoints, generating innovation and
driving the development of novel solutions (Parker, 2022). A collaborative environment, therefore,
encourages engineers to think outside the box.

27
 3. The ability to solve complex problems, too, is at the core of engineering. Soft skills, particularly problem-
solving abilities, allow engineers to approach challenges creatively and systematically. This skill is crucial for
addressing unexpected issues and devising innovative solutions (Brown & White, 2017). That is, problem-
solving skills are crucial for risk management. Engineers can assess potential risks, evaluate their impact on
project outcomes, and develop strategies to mitigate or eliminate these risks. This proactive approach
contributes to project success.

4. Soft skills are also closely tied to leadership effectiveness. Engineers with strong soft skills are better
equipped to assume leadership roles, guiding teams and projects with efficiency and empathy. Effective
leadership requires the ability to communicate a vision, motivate teams, and navigate challenges
collaboratively (Anderson, 2018).

5. In engineering, successful projects often depend on effective communication with clients and stakeholders.
Soft skills such as active listening, clear communication, and relationship-building are crucial for
understanding client needs, addressing concerns, and ensuring project success (Taylor & Martinez, 2019).

6. Despite the evident importance of soft skills, challenges persist in integrating them into engineering
education and professional development. However, these challenges present opportunities for growth and
improvement (Clark, 2020). There is a need for educational institutions and organizations to recognize the
value of soft skills and incorporate training programs into curricula and professional development initiatives.

In conclusion, the importance of soft skills for engineers cannot be overstated. Effective communication,
teamwork, problem-solving, and emotional intelligence are integral to professional success and career
advancement in the dynamic field of engineering. Recognizing the significance of soft skills and actively
cultivating them through education and professional development will not only benefit individual engineers
but also contribute to the overall innovation and efficiency of the engineering profession.

Bibliographical information

Article title: The importance of soft skills for engineers.

Author: Helen Jewel

Publication year: 2024

Journal: Engineering Education

Volume: 4 Issue: 3 Page numbers: 33-45

References

Anderson, J. (2018). Leadership in engineering: Navigating challenges and inspiring innovation. Engineering Leadership Journal,
6(2), 45-58.

Brown, R., & White, S. (2017). Innovative problem-solving in engineering: A case study of soft skills development. International
Journal of Engineering Education, 33(2), 527-538.

28
Clark, M. (2020). Professional issues in engineering education and practice. Utah Press.

Jones, L., & Brown, M. (2018). Effective communication in engineering: Strategies for success. Engineering Communication
Quarterly, 25(3), 267-284.

Miller, K., Joyful, P., Tutar, I., & Merker, L. (2021). Enhancing collaboration for innovation. Journal of Engineering Design, 32(1),
1-22.

Parker, J. (2022). Creativity and engineering. Creative Engineers, 12(1), 44-56.

Smith, P. (2020). The evolving role of engineers. In R. K. Malware & K. Higlander (Eds.), Engineering trends (pp. 112-125).
Academy Press.

Taylor, R., & Martinez, C. (2019, March 10). Client and stakeholder management in engineering projects. Georgian Engineers
Foundation. https://georgianengineersfoundation.org/resources/ client&stakeholder _management.

B. Read the text more closely and answer the questions below.

1. How does Smith (2020) define soft skills for engineers, and why are they considered important in the field of

engineering?

2. In what way does effective communication contribute to preventing mistakes in engineering projects?

3. How does collaboration within a team contribute to innovation?

4. How do problem-solving abilities contribute to dealing with unanticipated challenges and ensuring project

success?

5. How is effective leadership, linked to the success of engineers in guiding teams and projects?

C. Below are four alternative introduction for the text above. Only one is the most suitable. Discuss with your partner
which one it is and why.

Alternative Introduction 1:

In the dynamic realm of engineering, effective communication stands out as a cornerstone soft skill that goes beyond
the traditional boundaries of technical proficiency. Engineers find themselves navigating through complex
landscapes, where articulating complex technical information becomes paramount. This skill becomes the bridge
connecting both technical and non-technical stakeholders, fostering a shared understanding of project specifications
and steering efforts toward common goals. The clarity in communication becomes a preventive measure, avoiding
errors and delays and, more significantly, facilitating decision-making at various stages of engineering projects.

Alternative Introduction 2:

Within the collaborative nature of engineering projects, teamwork emerges as a fundamental soft skill that links the
diverse individual expertise. The landscape of engineering activities seldom involves solitary journeys; instead, it is a
mosaic of engineers working together within diverse teams. Teamwork plays a significant role in efficient problem-
solving and the successful completion of projects. This collaborative environment serves as the fertile ground for

29
creativity and innovation, where the exchange of ideas and perspectives triggers the development of novel solutions,
encouraging engineers to venture beyond conventional boundaries.

Alternative Introduction 3:

At the heart of engineering lies a constant demand for adept problem-solving, and soft skills, particularly problem-
solving abilities, emerge as the vital factor for success. In the intricate dance of addressing challenges creatively and
systematically, engineers find the core of their effectiveness. This skill is indispensable not only for navigating
unexpected hurdles but also for comprehensive risk management. Engineers equipped with strong problem-solving
skills can assess potential risks, evaluate their impact, and strategically develop solutions to reduce or eliminate risks.
In this proactive approach, problem-solving becomes synonymous with project success.

Alternative Introduction 4:

In the world of engineering, which has always focused on technical skills, there's a big change happening in what's
expected from professionals. Now, besides knowing the technical stuff, there's a growing acknowledgment of the
importance of soft skills. Soft skills, as described by Smith (2020), are qualities that go along with technical
knowledge, like being good at communication, working well in a team, being adaptable, solving problems, and
understanding emotions. This paper looks into how these soft skills, specifically good communication, teamwork,
problem-solving, and understanding emotions, are really important for engineers. It explores how having these skills
helps engineers in their careers, making them more successful overall.

D. Read the interview below with John O’Connor, a civil engineer. Match the questions with their answers. Then
read the dialogue with a partner.

Interviewer: Good morning, John. Thank you for joining us today. Can you tell us about a time when you faced
challenges or setbacks in your career as a civil engineer?

John:

Interviewer: That sounds like a difficult situation to navigate. How did you overcome these challenges and turn
things around?

John:

Interviewer: It's impressive how you were able to turn things around. Can you tell us about a project or experience
that marked a turning point in your career?

John:

Interviewer: That's truly inspiring, John. How do you think your experiences, both the challenges and the successes,
have shaped you as a civil engineer?

John:

Interviewer: Thank you, John, for sharing your journey with us. Your resilience and determination are truly inspiring.

John:

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 a. Certainly. One project that stands out is a large-scale infrastructure redevelopment project in a major city.
After the setbacks I faced earlier in my career, I approached this project with a renewed sense of
determination and resilience. Thanks to the lessons learned from past experiences, I applied a proactive and
strategic approach to project management. I prioritized risk management, stakeholder engagement, and
innovation in design and construction methodologies. Despite the complexity of the project, we were able to
deliver it on time and within budget, exceeding the expectations of our clients and stakeholders.

b. Thank you for having me. It's been a pleasure.

c. Good morning. Of course. Early in my career, I was involved in a major infrastructure project that
encountered numerous setbacks and challenges. Despite careful planning and preparation, unforeseen
issues arose during construction, leading to delays, cost overruns, and dissatisfaction among stakeholders. It
was a challenging period, and I felt discouraged by the setbacks we encountered.

d. I believe that adversity builds resilience and character. The setbacks I faced early in my career taught me
valuable lessons about perseverance, problem-solving, and leadership. They forced me to adapt, innovate,
and grow both personally and professionally. Similarly, the successes I've experienced have reinforced the
importance of collaboration, continuous improvement, and maintaining a positive mindset. Overall, I believe
that every experience, whether successful or unsuccessful, has contributed to my development as a civil
engineer.

e. It wasn't easy, but I realized that thinking too much about the setbacks would only hinder progress. Instead, I
focused on identifying solutions to the problems we faced. I collaborated closely with my team to analyze
the root causes of the issues and develop strategies to address them. We implemented changes to the
project management approach, improved communication with stakeholders, and prioritized transparency
and accountability. It was a collaborative effort, but gradually, we began to see positive results.

E. Presentation Task

Having read the text on the importance of soft skills for engineers, respond to the following prompt:

Identify and briefly discuss one specific soft skill mentioned in the text that you believe is particularly crucial for the
success of engineers. Explain why this skill is important and how it contributes to the overall effectiveness of
engineering projects.

Note: Your presentation should be concise, providing a clear and well-supported opinion based on the information
presented in the text. Remember to cite the text and write the bibliographical entry.

31
32
 Week 11. Imaging in Engineering: A Technological Perspective

A- Match the words in the first column with their synonyms on the right.

1. Capture a. Examine, Scrutinize, Evaluate

2. Visualize b. Model, Simulation, Prototype

3. Analyze c. Complex, Complicated, Detailed

4. Representation d. Enable, Authorize, Strengthen

5. Intricate e. Envisage, Picture, Imagine

6. Prototyping f. Thorough, Complete, In-depth

7. Empower g. Record, Seize, Acquire

8. Comprehensive h. Enhance, Improve, Fine-tune

9. Optimize i. Conformity, Agreement, Harmony

10. Alignment j. Depiction, Portrayal, Rendering

B- Read the text and decide if the statements below are true or false.

1. True/False: According to the text, imaging in engineering involves only the creation of visual representations and
not their analysis or visualization.

2. True/False: Computer-aided design (CAD) is mentioned as a common imaging technique in engineering, allowing
engineers to create detailed 3D models.

3. True/False: The text suggests that imaging technologies are not crucial in the design and prototyping phases for
engineers.

4. True/False: Engineers use imaging tools to simulate the behavior of structures, systems, or materials under
various conditions, as noted by Miller et al. (2018).

33
5. True/False: In manufacturing and production, imaging plays no role in quality control and inspection processes.

6. True/False: According to Clark (2019), imaging technologies are not helpful in ongoing monitoring and assessment
in infrastructure projects or the maintenance of complex systems.

7. True/False: The text implies that visual representations are limited in conveying complex ideas compared to
textual descriptions.

8. True/False: The significance of imaging for engineers, according to the conclusion, is overstated, and it doesn't
enhance the engineering lifecycle.

Imaging in Engineering: A Technological Perspective

Fatma Bakar

1. In engineering, imaging refers to “the use of various technologies and techniques to capture, visualize, and analyze
visual information related to objects, structures, or processes” (Denver, 2020, p. 33). It involves the creation of visual
representations or images. Some common imaging techniques in engineering include computer-aided design (CAD),
simulation and modeling, remote sensing, computer vision, non-destructive testing (NDT), and photogrammetry
(Smith, 2019). Together with some others, these provide engineers with valuable insights for analysis, decision-
making, and communication. Imaging overall plays a crucial role across different engineering disciplines, offering a
wide range of applications and benefits, which will be discussed briefly below.

2. One of the key reasons imaging is crucial for engineers lies in the design and prototyping phases. Engineers often
deal with intricate schematics and blueprints, and imaging technologies allow them to convert abstract ideas into
tangible visual representations. Computer-aided design (CAD) software, for instance, empowers engineers to create
detailed 3D models, facilitating a comprehensive view of the intended product or structure (Jones & Brown, 2020).
This visual clarity aids in identifying potential flaws, optimizing designs, and ensuring that the final product aligns
with specifications.

3. Imaging technologies are instrumental in simulating real-world scenarios for analysis. Engineers can utilize imaging
tools to simulate the behavior of structures, systems, or materials under various conditions. Miller et al. (2018) note
that this enables them to predict potential challenges, assess the impact of different variables, and refine their
designs accordingly. For example, in civil engineering, imaging-based simulations can model the stress distribution
on a bridge under different loads, providing valuable insights for structural optimization.

4. In manufacturing and production, the role of imaging becomes evident in quality control and inspection processes.
Engineers rely on technologies like computer vision and machine learning algorithms to inspect components for
defects, ensuring that the final product meets the desired standards. High-resolution imaging helps identify
imperfections that may not be visible to the naked eye, contributing to enhanced quality assurance and minimizing
the risk of faulty products reaching the market (Taylor & Martinez, 2017).

5. For engineers involved in infrastructure projects or the maintenance of complex systems, imaging technologies
contribute significantly to ongoing monitoring and assessment. Remote sensing devices, drones, and surveillance
cameras equipped with imaging capabilities allow engineers to monitor structures, pipelines, or equipment in real-
time. According to Clark (2019), this proactive approach to maintenance “helps identify potential issues before they
escalate, minimizing downtime and improving overall system reliability” (p. 91).

6. Imaging serves as a universal language for engineers across different disciplines. Visual representations can convey
complex ideas more comprehensively than textual descriptions alone. Engineers can use imaging to communicate
their concepts effectively with colleagues, stakeholders, or clients, fostering better collaboration and understanding
among diverse teams. This is particularly crucial in interdisciplinary projects where professionals with varied
expertise need to work together seamlessly (Anderson, 2018).

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7. In conclusion, ……………………………………………………………………………
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……………………………………………………

Bibliographical information

Article title: Imaging in engineering: A technological perspective

Author: Fatma Bakar

Publication year: 2022

Journal: The Mind’s Eye

Volume: 4 Issue: 1 Page numbers: 19-21

References

Anderson, J. (2018). Visual communication in interdisciplinary projects. Jefferson Publications.

Brown, M. (2021). Technological advances in imaging for engineering applications. Journal of Engineering Technology, 29(4),
123-136.

Clark, R. (2019). Remote sensing in maintenance and monitoring. International Journal of Infrastructure Management, 7(1), 78-
92.

Denver, U. (2020). Imaging in engineering. Oxford University Press.

Jones, P., & Brown, S. (2020). Applications of computer-aided design in engineering. Journal of Applied Engineering, 25(3), 112-
125.

Miller, A., Orban, T., Ward, P., & Cut, C. (2018). Imaging-based simulations for structural optimization in civil engineering.
Howard and Sons Press.

Smith, E. (2019). The role of imaging in engineering education. Engineering Education Review, 14(3), 67-81.

Taylor, R., & Martinez, L. (2017). Computer vision and quality control in manufacturing. International Journal of Quality
Assurance in Manufacturing, 11(2), 45-58.

C- Answer the questions below paraphrasing the ideas.

1. What does imaging mean in engineering?

2. How does imaging help engineers during the design and prototyping phases?

3. Why are imaging technologies crucial for simulating real-world scenarios in engineering?

4. How do engineers use imaging for quality control in manufacturing?

5. What role does imaging play in the ongoing monitoring of structures and equipment?

6. How does imaging serve as a universal language for engineers?

7. Why is visual representation important in interdisciplinary projects for engineers?

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8. According to the text, what is the significance of imaging for engineers across different disciplines?

D- Work with your partner to read the dialogue between two students below.

Student 1: Hey, did you read that article on the importance of imaging in engineering?

Student 2: Yeah, I did. It's fascinating how imaging technologies are becoming crucial in our field.

Student 1: Absolutely. The way they described using Computer-Aided Design (CAD) for creating 3D models during
the design phase caught my attention.

Student 2: Indeed. It's a game-changer. I can imagine how helpful it would be to identify flaws and optimize designs
before moving forward.

Student 1: And did you see how they mentioned imaging-based simulations in civil engineering? Predicting stress
distribution on a bridge under different loads is quite impressive.

Student 2: True. It's like foreseeing potential challenges and refining our designs based on simulated real-world
scenarios. That could save a lot of time and resources.

Student 1: True, that is. The part about quality control in manufacturing was interesting too. Using computer vision
to inspect components for defects ensures the final product meets the desired standards.

Student 2: High-resolution imaging can catch imperfections that we might miss with the naked eye. That's a big win
for quality assurance.

Student 1: And the role of imaging in ongoing monitoring of structures – with remote sensing devices and
surveillance cameras – that's a proactive approach to maintenance.

Student 2: Monitoring in real-time helps identify issues before they become major problems. It's like having an extra
set of eyes on everything.

Student 1: I also liked how they emphasized imaging as a universal language for engineers. Visual representations do
make communication so much clearer, especially in interdisciplinary projects.

Student 2: True, it fosters better collaboration among teams with diverse expertise. Overall, imaging seems to be at
the forefront of advancing our engineering practices.

Student 1: I couldn’t agree more. It's exciting to think about the future possibilities and challenges we can tackle with
these imaging technologies.

E- Here are two summaries of the text. Fill in the gaps. Which summary is more sophisticated?

Summary 1

images designs creative checking

efficiently problems better tools

In engineering, imaging means using different _____________ to see and understand things ____________ .
Engineers use it to make pictures and models of their ideas. They can show these _____________ to others to
explain what they are thinking. Imaging is crucial for many reasons in engineering; it helps in creating
_________________, testing how things will work, ________________ for mistakes, and making sure products are
good quality. Engineers also use imaging to keep an eye on structures and machines, preventing
36
_________________ before they happen. Overall, imaging is like a language that engineers use to share their ideas,
making their work more __________________ and ______________________.

Summary 2

computer vision communication innovation adherence

navigate inspect simulation imaginative

________________________, a vital aspect facilitated by imaging technologies, allows engineers to predict

challenges, refine designs, and optimize structures. In manufacturing, imaging is instrumental for quality control,
utilizing ________________________ and machine learning to ________________________ components and
ensure ________________________ to standards. For infrastructure projects, imaging contributes to real-time
monitoring, minimizing downtime and enhancing efficiency. Imaging also serves as a universal language, facilitating
effective ________________________ among diverse teams. Despite challenges in integrating these skills into
education, the undeniable significance of imaging for engineers highlights its integral role throughout the
engineering lifecycle, fostering ________________________, collaboration, and efficient problem-solving. As
technology advances, engineers increasingly rely on imaging to ________________________ future challenges and
actualize ________________________ concepts in a dynamic engineering landscape.

F- Work in small groups to write a concluding paragraph for the text.

G- Reflective writing prompt (80-100 words):

"How has your understanding of the role of imaging in engineering evolved after reading the article? Reflect on
specific examples mentioned, such as the use of Computer-Aided Design (CAD) in creating 3D models or the
application of imaging in quality control during manufacturing. Consider how these imaging technologies might
impact your approach to engineering projects or influence collaboration within a team."

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 Week 12. The Interdisciplinary Nature of Engineering

A. Place the words in the table in the correct sentences below.

multifaceted holistic ethically adaptability comprehensive

necessity advantageous innovation conducive intersection

1. The tech company fosters a culture of ______________________, encouraging employees to bring

forth new ideas regularly.

2. The ______________________ approach to solving the environmental issue considered scientific,

economic, and social perspectives.

3. The ______________________ review of the research paper revealed a detailed analysis of the
experimental data.

4. The success of the project depended on the team's ______________________ to changing market
conditions and customer needs.

5. The unique features of the product proved to be ______________________ in gaining a competitive

advantage in the market.

6. ______________________ health practices emphasize the importance of considering mental,

emotional, and physical well-being together.

7. The ______________________ of art and technology resulted in a fascinating display at the

interactive exhibition.

8. Proper training is a ______________________ for employees to effectively perform their roles

within the organization.

9. A quiet and organized workspace is ______________________ to focused and productive work.

10. Acting ______________________ in business transactions is not just a legal requirement but a
fundamental principle of corporate responsibility.

B. Match the words/phrases below to make meaningful collocations.

1. address a. efficiency

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 2. fertile b. perspectives

3. enhanced c. solutions

4. tackle d. ground

5. comprehensiv e. pace
e

6. rapid f. considerations

7. technological g. complex challenges

8. diverse h. barriers

9. ethical i. advancements

10. break down j. multifaceted problems

C. Using the headings below, create an outline of the text.

I. Introduction

II. Unleashing Creativity through Interdisciplinary Collaboration

III. Holistic Problem-Solving

IV. Addressing Grand Challenges through Integration

V. Enhancing Adaptability and Future Readiness

VI. Ethical Considerations and Social Impact

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VII. Conclusion

The Interdisciplinary Nature of Engineering

Barbara Plank

Engineering, traditionally perceived as a discipline rooted in mathematics and physical sciences, has evolved into a
dynamic field that thrives on interdisciplinary collaboration. The intersection of engineering with diverse fields such
as biology, medicine, environmental science, and social sciences has become increasingly crucial in addressing
complex challenges and driving innovation. In this article, I will discuss the significance of the interdisciplinary nature
of engineering and its profound impact on fostering creativity, problem-solving, and societal advancement.

One of the primary advantages of embracing an interdisciplinary approach in engineering is the creativity. As Smith
(2019) notes, the integration of knowledge from different fields fosters a fertile ground for the generation of
innovative ideas and solutions. For instance, the collaboration between engineers and biologists has led to
breakthroughs in biomimicry, where engineering designs are inspired by nature. This approach has resulted in the
development of materials and structures with enhanced efficiency and sustainability (Johnson & Lee, 2020).

Another benefit of interdisciplinary engineering is related to holistic problem-solving. The complexity of

contemporary challenges often requires a comprehensive understanding that goes beyond the boundaries of a
single discipline. By bringing together experts from diverse fields, interdisciplinary teams can tackle multifaceted
problems with a broader perspective (Brown & Miller, 2018). For example, in the realm of healthcare, as Gupta and
Jain (2017, p. 250) put it, “the combination of engineering and medical expertise has accelerated the development of
cutting-edge medical devices and improved treatment modalities.”

The grand challenges facing humanity today, such as climate change, healthcare inequalities, and sustainable
development, necessitate collaborative efforts of engineers, too. Engineering, when integrated with disciplines like
environmental science and social sciences, can offer comprehensive solutions to these challenges (Jones et al.,
2021). The development of smart and sustainable cities, for instance, requires the expertise of not only civil
engineers but also urban planners, environmental scientists, and social researchers (Smith & Davis, 2019).

It is also important to note that the rapid pace of technological advancements demands an engineering workforce
that is adaptable and capable of navigating evolving landscapes. Chen and Johnson (2018) point out that
interdisciplinary education and collaboration provide engineers with a broader skill set and a more adaptable
mindset. Exposure to diverse perspectives and methodologies prepares engineers to face challenges that may not fit
neatly into the confines of a single discipline. This adaptability is crucial for staying at the forefront of technological
innovation and addressing emerging global issues.

Interdisciplinary engineering also brings attention to the ethical considerations and social impact of technological
innovations. Collaboration with social scientists, ethicists, and policymakers ensures that engineers consider the
broader implications of their work on society (Brown & Black, 2020). For instance, the development of artificial
intelligence and autonomous systems requires interdisciplinary input to address ethical concerns, privacy issues, and
the societal impact of these technologies (Taylor & Smith, 2018).

In conclusion, the interdisciplinary nature of engineering is a powerful driver of innovation and progress. By breaking
down disciplinary barriers and fostering collaboration across diverse fields, engineers can tap into a wealth of
knowledge and perspectives. This approach not only enhances creativity and problem-solving but also equips

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engineers to address the grand challenges facing humanity. Embracing interdisciplinary collaboration is not just a
strategic choice; it is a necessity for shaping a sustainable and technologically advanced future.

Bibliographical information

Article title: The Interdisciplinary nature of engineering

Author: Barbara Plank

Publication year: 2021

Journal: The Engineering World

Volume: 5 Issue: 3 Page numbers: 55-65

References

Brown, A., & Black, S. (2020). Ethical considerations in interdisciplinary research. Journal of Interdisciplinary Methodologies and
Issues in Science, 2(1), 33-41.

Brown, J., & Miller, M. (2018). Holistic problem-solving in interdisciplinary engineering projects. International Journal of
Engineering Education, 34(1), 189-200.

Chen, L., & Johnson, P. (2018). Enhancing adaptability in engineering education through interdisciplinary collaboration.
European Journal of Engineering Education, 43(3), 399-413.

Gupta, S., & Jain, R. (2017). Interdisciplinary collaboration in healthcare: A review. Journal of Interprofessional Care, 31(3), 249-
256.

Johnson, B., & Lee, E. (2020). Biomimicry in engineering: A comprehensive review. Bioinspiration & Biomimetics, 15(1), 011001.

Jones, C., Watergate, T., Hurel, B., & Jap, W. (2021). Engineering solutions for sustainable development: A multidisciplinary
approach. Sustainable Development, 29(1), 35-43.

Smith, R. (2019). Interdisciplinary collaboration in engineering design education. Journal of Mechanical Design, 141(6), 061102.

Smith, T. (2019). Smart cities: An interdisciplinary perspective. Sustainable Cities and Society, 51, 99-103.

Taylor, M., & Smith, J. (2018). Ethical considerations in the development of artificial intelligence: A multidisciplinary perspective.
Journal of Responsible Innovation, 5(1), 104-122.

D. Answer the questions below.

1. How does the interdisciplinary nature of engineering contribute to the unleashing of creativity? Provide specific
examples mentioned in the text.

2. Examine the section on "Holistic Problem-Solving." What are the advantages of interdisciplinary teams in tackling
multifaceted problems, and how does this approach differ from a single-discipline perspective?

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3. In the context of addressing grand challenges, elaborate on how the integration of engineering with
environmental science and social sciences provides comprehensive solutions.

4. How does exposure to diverse perspectives prepare engineers for the challenges of technological innovation?

5. Consider the section on "Ethical Considerations and Social Impact." Why is collaboration with social scientists,
ethicists, and policymakers deemed essential in engineering, especially in the development of technologies like
artificial intelligence? Provide examples to illustrate the article's perspective.

E. Read the dialogue between Sarah, a civil engineer, and John, an electrical engineer. Then answer the questions
that follow.

Civil Engineer (CE): Good morning, Sarah. I'm glad we could meet to discuss our collaboration on the upcoming
project.

Electrical Engineer (EE): Good morning, John. Likewise, I'm excited to work together on this project. Can you give me
an overview of the scope and requirements?

CE: Certainly. The project involves the construction of a new commercial building in the downtown area. As the civil
engineer, my team will be responsible for site preparation, foundation design, and overall site development.

EE: Got it. My role as the electrical engineer will focus on designing the electrical systems for the building, including
power distribution, lighting, and telecommunications.

CE: That's right. Given the scale of the project, I think it's essential for us to collaborate closely to ensure seamless
integration between the civil and electrical aspects of the design.

EE: Agreed. I think communication will be key to our success. Can you provide me with the site layout and any
specific requirements or constraints that I should consider in my electrical design?

CE: Absolutely. I'll share the site plans and any relevant information regarding utility connections, zoning regulations,
and environmental considerations. Additionally, we'll need to coordinate on issues such as underground utilities and
accessibility for maintenance and repairs.

EE: Understood. I'll review the site plans and begin working on the electrical design. I'll also keep you updated on any
questions or issues that arise during the process.

CE: Great. And please don't hesitate to reach out if you need any additional information or support from my team.
Collaboration is key to delivering a successful project, and I'm confident that our combined expertise will ensure its
success.

EE: Absolutely, John. I appreciate your support, and I'm looking forward to working together to bring this project to
fruition.

CE: Likewise, Sarah. Let's stay in touch and keep the lines of communication open as we move forward with the
project.

EE: Sounds like a plan. Thanks again, John. I'll be in touch soon.

CE: Thank you, Sarah. Talk to you soon.

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Questions

1. What is the project that the civil engineer and electrical engineer are collaborating on?

2. What are the specific responsibilities of the civil engineer in the project?

3. What are the specific responsibilities of the electrical engineer in the project?

4. Why is communication described as key to the success of the project?

5. What information does the civil engineer provide to the electrical engineer to aid in the electrical design?

6. How does the civil engineer express their willingness to support the electrical engineer throughout the project?

F. Reflecting on the article, consider a specific example provided in the text where interdisciplinary collaboration led
to innovative solutions. How did the collaboration between different fields contribute to the success of the project,
and in what ways did it highlight the advantages of combining expertise from diverse disciplines in the field of
engineering? Provide your insights on the impact of interdisciplinary collaboration in fostering innovation and
addressing complex challenges within the engineering domain.

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