BOOK REVIEWS

Items with a reviewer byline (coded R) are by The book is written beautifully. It is very an integral equation, etc兲 is always benefi-
AMR’s corps of dedicated outside volunteer re- clear, interesting, and not dry despite being cial and may lead to interesting insights re-
viewers. AMR will attempt to get critical reviews
of all relevant textbooks, reference works, and mathematically rigorous. Although the au- garding the properties of solutions and to
monographs. Items without a reviewer byline thor is a mathematician, he wrote this book new computational methods.
(coded N) are prepared by AMR in-house staff in a way that makes it accessible to Natural Boundary Integral Method and
and are largely based on material such as a mathematically-oriented graduate students Its Applications is neither a course textbook
book’s table of contents and editor’s preface or
foreword. In the interest of timeliness, most con- and researchers in computational and ap- nor a state-of-the-art research book on a
ference proceedings and multi-author contrib- plied mechanics and engineering. The basic wide scientific area, but it is a satisfying
uted volumes will receive descriptive notes in this ideas are described clearly and in a well- self-contained summary of a very interest-
fashion. Books deemed to be somewhat periph- organized way. In addition, one can learn ing piece of work that has been hidden

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eral to AMR’s basic scope may simply be listed
by title. Also listed by title when first received are quite a lot from this book about areas as from the western reader so far. This mono-
books under review. diverse as singular integrals, harmonic graph is highly recommended as an enjoy-
functions, and domain decomposition. The able and eye-opening reading for the
summary on singular integrals in Section mathematically-oriented researcher and

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1.4, for example, is superb. practitioner of applied mechanics.
I. FOUNDATIONS & The book, with 540 pages, is divided into
BASIC METHODS seven chapters. Chapter 1 introduces the
main ideas of NBR, and is followed by 9R2. Physics of Strength and Fracture
9R1. Natural Boundary Integral Chapters 2–5, which apply the method to Control: Adaptation of Engineering Ma-
Method and Its Applications. - De-hao Yu the four differential equations mentioned terials and Structures. - AA Komarovsky
(Inst of Comput Math and Sci/Eng Comput, above. Chapter 6 discusses the coupling of (Lab of Phys of Strength, Sci and Eng Cen-
Chinese Acad of Sci, Beijing, ROC). Klu- NBR and Finite Elements. This is similar to ter for Non-Traditional Technologies (SA-
wer Acad Publ, Dordrecht, Netherlands. the DtN method, which has been devised LUTA), Kiev, Ukraine). CRC Press LLC,
Distributed in USA by Kluwer Acad Publ, independently in the west primarily for Boca Raton FL. 2003. 639 pp. ISBN
Norwell MA. 2002. 539 pp. ISBN 1-4020- wave problems 共which are not discussed at 0-8493-1151-9. $179.95.
0457-5. $155.00. all in this book兲. The last chapter shows Reviewed by HW Haslach Jr (Dept of
Reviewed by D Givoli (Dept of Aerospace how to solve unbounded domain problems Mech Eng, Univ of Maryland, College Park
Eng, Technion-Israel, Haifa, 32000, Israel). using NBR combined with iterative Do- MD 20742-3035).
Kang Feng 共1923-1993兲 was a well- main Decomposition. The book also in- The safety of engineering structures de-
known Chinese mathematician, and until cludes a preface 共telling about Prof Feng兲, a pends on the designer’s ability to predict
his death was the President of the Chinese list of more than 200 references 共about half the resistance of solids to failure. The au-
Society of Computational Mathematics. of which are Chinese publications兲, and an thor believes that a new concept of the sci-
De-hao Yu, the author of this book, was his index. ence of the resistance of materials is needed
PhD student. This is an English version of a The NBR method is described on the back since existing techniques have been ex-
previous monograph by Yu that appeared in cover as a competitor to the standard BEM. hausted. In particular, because that author
Chinese ten years ago. The book summa- Such a comparison is not totally appropri- believes that all phenomena have an expla-
rizes Yu’s research work based on the math- ate. The BEM is a general method that can nation, statistical methods of design are re-
ematical foundation laid by Feng. Most of handle problems in irregular geometries. It jected. The focus of this book is on analysis
Feng’s and Yu’s publications have appeared makes use of the full-space Green’s func- of the interatomic bonds of a solid and their
in Chinese and have not been generally ac- tion associated with the operator involved, consequences for bulk behavior.
cessible to western readers. This mono- which does not depend on the given geom- A good theory of the non-equilibrium
graph, published by Kluwer, is especially etry. On the other hand, NBR makes use of thermodynamics of solids is needed to un-
welcome since it allows general access to the natural integral operator, which depends derstand the response of solids to forces,
the interesting work of both Feng and Yu. on the specific geometry under consider- heat, magnetism, and other fields. In this
The book focuses on the concept of Natu- ation. Finding this operator on ⌫ 共analyti- book, the model given closely parallels the
ral Boundary Reduction 共NBR兲 in the con- cally兲 is equivalent to solving the problem classical analysis of fluids. The internal
text of two-dimensional 共2D兲 elliptic prob- in ⍀ analytically. Thus, in its simplest form, pressure or stress in the solid is defined as
lems, and in particular problems governed the NBR method can be applied in practice the vector representing the resistance to
by Laplace’s equation, the biharmonic only in cases where the analytic solution is volume change, P⫽dF/ds, where F is the
equation, plane elasticity equations, and already known! Of course, there is no point force of atomic interaction and s is the sur-
Stokes’ equations. The idea is to replace the in using NBR in such a manner. face areas enclosing a volume. The pro-
differential equation in the given 2D do- However, this does not mean that the idea posed thermodynamic equation of state is
main ⍀ by an integral equation on its underlying NBR is not useful. It is defi- then PV⫽s(N,V,T,P)T, where s is the en-
boundary ⌫, and to solve this integral equa- nitely useful when the domain of the prob- tropy vector and P is the magnitude of P.
tion numerically on ⌫ via a variational for- lem under consideration involves a region Apparent conflicts of vectors and scalars
mulation. This sounds like the basic idea of where the problem is analytically-solvable occur frequently in the equations of this
the Boundary Element Method 共BEM兲; and a region where it is not. Such problems book. The given derivation is quasi-static
however, in NBR the reduction of the dif- are discussed in the last two chapters, because it assumes that the body passes
ferential equation in ⍀ to an integral equa- where the practical usefulness of the through a sequence of equilibrium states.
tion on ⌫ is performed differently, using the method is demonstrated. In addition, under- The state of the solid is defined to be the
so-called natural integral operator, which is standing the various ways in which a prob- shape of the rotos resulting from the solidi-
also known as the Dirichlet-to-Neumann lem can be represented 共via partial differen- fication process. A rotos is a closed dy-
共DtN兲 map. tial equations, as a variational problem, by namic cell of solids. The equation of state

Appl Mech Rev vol 56, no 5, September 2003 B65 © 2003 American Society of Mechanical Engineers
B66 Book Reviews Appl Mech Rev vol 56, no 5, September 2003

relates the temperature of the solid structure sions for the equation of state often over- lems smoothing using Trefftz polynomials, and
to its ability to generate resistance forces. shadows the physical insights presented. other special numerical approaches are included.
Applications to problems such as noise radiation
Compressions are those atoms located on Specific detailed applications would have from rolling bodies, acoustic radiation in closed
the decreasing portion of a bond force mini- helped convince the reader that this design and infinite domains, 3D dynamic piezoelectric-
mum and provide resistance under heat ad- strategy can be carried out in practice. ity, Stefan problems, and coupled problems are
sorption, and dilatons are those located on also included.
9N3. Error Estimation and Adaptive Dis-
the increasing portion to a force maximum cretization Methods in Computational Fluid Computational Partial Differential Equa-
and offer resistance in heat radiation. The Dynamics. - Edited by T Barth (NASA Ames Res tions: Numerical Methods and Diffpack Pro-
Center, Moffett Field CA) and H Deconinck (von gramming, Second Edition. - HP Langtangen
compression-dilaton pattern of the bonds in (Simula Res Lab, Martin Linges vei 17, Fornebu,
a structure determines its response to loads, Karman Inst for Fluid Dyn, Rhode-Saint-Genese,
Belgium). Springer-Verlag, New York. 2003. 353 PO Box 134, Lysaker, 1325, Norway). Springer-
temperature, and other environmental con- Verlag, Berlin. 2003. 855 pp. ISBN 3-540-
pp. ISBN 3-540-43758-4. $79.95.
ditions. Dilaton materials resist compres- 43416-X. $69.95. 共Under review兲
This book considers recent developments in
sion while compression materials resist ten- numerical error estimation and adaptive discreti- Finite Element Methods with B-Splines. - K
sion. Chapter 3 provides experimental zation for finite element and finite volume meth- Hollig (Universitat Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Ger-
verification of this relation and its influence ods with particular attention given to discretiza- many). SIAM, Philadelphia. 2003. 145 pp. ISBN
0-89871-533-4. $65.00. 共Under review兲

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on the size effect, stresses, and aging in the tion methods used frequently in computational
response of solids, in particular that of con- fluid dynamics. The volume consists of six de-
tailed articles by leading specialists covering a
crete. The traditional design strategy of in- range of topics including a posteriori error esti-

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creasing the size of a structure to support mation of functionals, one- and two-sided error
loads increases the number of cracks and bounds, error indicators for adaptivity, and nd II. DYNAMICS &
geometrical aspects of adaptive mesh refinement.
the possibility of crack growth.
The description of dynamic loading, dura- 9N4. Inverse Engineering Handbook. -
VIBRATION
bility, creep, and fatigue is developed from Edited by KA Woodbury (Univ of Alabama, Tus-
caloosa AL). CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton FL. 9R7. Aeroacoustic Measurements. -
the equation of state to try to explain the Edited by TJ Mueller (Dept of Aero and
2002. 640 pp. ISBN 0-8493-0861-5. $149.95.
physical nature of the time-dependent re- Mech Eng, Univ of Notre Dame, 112 Hes-
This reference allows the readers to understand,
sponse. The increased resistance influences implement, and benefit from a variety of sert Center, Notre Dame IN 46556-5684).
the initiation and propagation of cracks. problem-solving techniques. Each chapter details Springer-Verlag, Berlin. 2002. 313 pp.
Durability is related to entropy. The theory a method developed or refined by its contributor, ISBN 3-540-41757-5. $99.00.
is claimed to be a generalization of the ki- who provides clear explanations, examples, and
in many cases, software algorithms. The presen- Reviewed by MG Prasad (Dept of Mech
netic theory of strength which postulates tation begins with methods for parameter estima- Eng, Stevens Inst of Tech, Hoboken NJ
that thermal fluctuations are key in breaking tion, which build a bridge to boundary function 07030).
atomic bonds. In service, the equation of estimation problems. The techniques addressed It is well known that experimental work
state describes how a structure is strongly include sequential function estimation, mollifica- plays an important role in acoustics. In par-
influenced by environmental effects such as tion, space marching techniques, and adjoint,
Monte Carlo, and gradient-based methods. Dis- ticular, the acoustical measurements in the
moisture, radiation, hydrogen embrittle- cussions also cover important experimental as- presence of airflow is challenging due to
ment, and aging due to thermal and load pects, including experiment design and the ef- test conditions. This book deals with this
fields. fects of uncertain parameters. challenging and important topic in acous-
Fracture is attributed to what is called the 9N5. MATLAB Guide to Finite Elements: tics namely aeroacoustics. The five chapters
Maxwell-Boltzmann factor 共from the distri- An Interactive Approach. - P Kattan (Appl Sci of the book deal with various aspects aeroa-
bution of energy states兲, which describes Univ, Amman, Jordanien). Springer-Verlag, New
coustic measurements with applications.
the concentration density and energy of par- York. 2003. 385 pp. ISBN 3-540-43874-2.
$69.95.
Chapter 1, on ‘‘Microphone measure-
ticles in a given region of the solid and Numerical implementation of Finite Element ments in and out of air stream,’’ deals with
which introduces stress-concentrations. As Analysis is described using the computer pro- the acoustic characteristics of wind tunnels.
in classical fracture mechanics, breaking of gram MATLAB. The book contains a short tuto- The discussions include criteria for simula-
bonds releases internal energy. Fracture is a rial on MATLAB as well as a systematic strategy tion of aeroacoustic test environment with
thermally dependent process. Deformation for the treatment of the finite element method. requirements such as propagation effect,
Various examples and exercises are provided out
and fracture always occur together; fracture of Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, scaling, low background noise levels, etc.
is not due, as postulated by others, to the Aerospace Engineering, and Materials Science. Chapter 2 presents ‘‘Beam forming in
breaking of the weakest link. Fatigue life is The book stresses the interactive use of MAT- acoustic testing.’’ The use of beam forming
again related to thermodynamic parameters LAB. Each example is solved in an interactive technique and its applications in the model-
manner. The accompanying CD-Rom includes at
through the equation of state. Fatigue is due least 50 MATLAB functions specifically written ing of wind tunnel noise with non-acoustic
to phase transitions in the compression- to be used with this book in the form of a MAT- hard walls and free jets are discussed. Sev-
dilaton bond pattern. LAB Finite Element Toolbox. An extensive solu- eral beam forming algorithms with tech-
Two final chapters give applications to tions manual is provided as well, which includes niques for removing interference is dis-
service life control and the theory of design. detailed solutions to all the problems in the book cussed in this chapter.
for classroom use.
Methods of diagnosing the strength of the Chapter 3 covers ‘‘Aeroacoustic phased
9N6. Selected Topics in Boundary Integral
material described include thermography Formulations for Solids and Fluids. - Edited by
array testing in low speed wind tunnels.’’ A
共emphasizing the thermal nature of internal V Kompis (Univ of Eilina, Slovak Republic). comprehensive treatment of the design and
stresses and strains兲, hardness, and durabil- Springer-Verlag, New York. 2003. 241 pp. Soft- application of acoustic phased array mea-
ity analysis. The methods of adaptation of cover. ISBN 3-211-83693-4. $79.95. surement capability for low speed wind tun-
the materials to service conditions cover This book outlines special approaches using nels is presented. Various aspects of opera-
controlling the strength and fracture, heat singular and non-singular, multi-domain and tion such as calibration, data handling, etc,
treatment, use of compensating fields, and meshless BEM formulations, hybrid- and are discussed. Chapter 4 is on ‘‘Source
reciprocity-based FEM for the solution of linear
heterogeneity of the material. and nonlinear problems of solid and fluid me- characterization by correlation techniques.’’
Physics of Strength and Fracture Control: chanics and for the acoustic fluid-structure inter- The characterization of acoustical sources
Adaptation of Engineering Materials and action. Use of Trefftz functions and other regu- using correlation techniques is presented.
Structures is a serious attempt to explain larization approaches to boundary integral The chapter discusses various mathematical
equations 共BIE兲, boundary contour and boundary
bulk structural behavior from the atomic node solution of BIE, sensitivity analysis, shape aspects through cross-correlation and co-
structure. However, the confusion of vec- optimization, error analysis and adaptivity, stress herence functions. Various examples in-
tors and scalars in the mathematical expres- and displacement derivatives in nonlinear prob- cluding correlation measurements between
Appl Mech Rev vol 56, no 5, September 2003 Books Reviews B67

surface pressure and far field acoustic pres- etc, from impact loading conditions has ‘‘standard’’ dynamic loading conditions are
sure field data are included. The last chapter been an essential concern for designers and listed. These standard loading conditions
is ‘‘An anechoic facility for basic aeroa- engineers in modern applications in which are later used in the development of test
coustic research.’’ The chapter presents the operational speeds and power have been specifications. Numerical algorithms for
design, construction, and performance steadily increasing. The title under review calculating system responses are provided.
evaluation of an anechoic wind tunnel facil- covers various well-established shock engi- A program developed in BASIC for shock
ity for low speed and low turbulence appli- neering techniques from mathematical response spectrum of a single-dof is in-
cations. Use of such a facility to experimen- analysis to test specification generation for cluded. Chapter 3 is devoted to shock re-
tally investigate fluid-solid interaction is practical use. Compared to other available
discussed. A specific wind tunnel facility is sponse of a system at three different fre-
titles, such as Optimal Protection from Im-
described. As an example the use of the fa- quency ranges: low frequency 共static
pact, Shock, and Vibration by DV Balandin,
cility for a marine propeller response to in- NN Bolotnik, and WD Pilkey, the current domain兲, intermediate frequency, and high
flow disturbance is discussed. title is set out to address more practical as- frequency 共impulse domain兲. Amplitudes of
All chapters are well presented. In sum- pects of the effects of impact and shock responses of systems in these ranges are
mary, Aeroacoustic Measurements is a nice testing. In this reviewer’s opinion, its main discussed and various practical relation-

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integration of presentations of various rec- audience will be experimentalist, practicing ships are derived and analyzed. Many ex-
ognized contributors. The book deals with engineers and technicians working in the amples illustrating the uses of these rela-
important issues in design and performance areas of impact protection and safety. The tionships are provided. This is the most
evaluation of wind tunnel test facilities, primary objective of the book is to assist mathematical of all the chapters in the
measurement techniques, and mathematical technical professionals to develop impact book.
aspects. Nice photographs and figures are 共shock兲 test specifications, qualification and Development of detailed shock testing
included. Each chapter has a large number certification documents. and measurement specifications for practi-
of references. The book is recommended The book consists of nine chapters. Most cal use is the main theme of Chapter 4.
for libraries and all graduate students, re- chapters begin with a number of concise Various simplification and idealization
searchers, and professionals in acoustics. In definitions of the concepts used in the rest
particular, those involved in experimental methods for the impact loading conditions
of the chapter. While many of these defini- used in the development of test specifica-
aeroacoustics will find this book very tions are useful, some would differ slightly
useful. tions have been discussed in great detail.
from some commonly used definitions used
The role of shock, amplitude, and duration
in many English books. Perhaps, every
translation book suffers from this minor ter- choices in simplifying and representation
9R8. Mechanical Shock. Mechanical Vi- minology shift. For example, in 1.1.4 the of the waveforms in testing processes is
bration and Shock Series, Vol II. - C La- following is given as a definition for bump: discussed with many examples. Various
lanne (French Atomic Energy Authority, ‘‘a bump is a simple shock which is gener- simulation techniques are introduced and
France). Hermes Sci Publ, Paris. Distrib- ally repeated many times in testing.’’ This discussed.
uted in USA by Taylor & Francis Publ, concept appears to be close to ‘‘pulse’’ or Chapter 5 is a brief chapter focusing on
New York NY. 2002. 320 pp. ISBN ‘‘waveform.’’ Another example on termi- kinematics of the shock excitation forms.
1-56032-986-6. $150.00. nology is the usage of the word digitization The shocks are defined as applied accelera-
Reviewed by C Cetinkaya (Dept of Mech in the book for discretization of a function tion, velocity, and displacement to an elas-
and Aeronaut Eng, Clarkson Univ, CAMP in time 共sampling兲. Introductions are typi- tic system. Pulse shapes such as half-sine,
241, Box 5725, Potsdam NY 13699-5725). cally brief. Each chapter contains a gener-
The title under review is the English rectangular, and peak saw are considered
ous number of plots. While the plots are with various cases of rebounds. These con-
translation of the original volume published not as polished as those in high-volume
in French in 1999. The work covered ap- cepts serve as background for the discus-
textbooks, they are adequate and useful in sions in the following chapters. Standard
pears to be based on the author’s pro-
clarifying the materials. Listings of a few shock machines are discussed in Chapter 6.
fessional experience in the French Atomic
computer codes developed in BASIC pro-
Energy Authority as a vibration and shock A review of the testing systems utilized in
gramming language are also contained.
specialist and test specifications developer. practice is provided. The coverage of the
However, no CD or diskette comes with the
This title is the second volume of the programmers generating desired excitation
book, so the reader who is interested in run-
author’s five-volume set entitled Mechani- acceleration profiles is particularly interest-
ning numerical simulations is expected to
cal Vibration and Shock. The other volumes ing. While a minimal amount of actual ex-
type these programs in.
cover harmonic excitations, random vibra- perimental data is included in the chapter,
The book is concerned strictly with linear
tions, fatigue, and test specification devel- the descriptions of test machines and pro-
and discrete systems. Most of the systems
opment.
considered are low degree-of-freedom 共dof兲 grammers are rather clear. The commer-
while some multi-dofs are occasionally cially available MTS test machines and pro-
used. Virtually all the analysis is based on grammers have been covered in somewhat
the Fourier transform of ordinary differen- detail. Another useful feature of Chapter 6
tial equations modeling system dynamics. A is that a number of examples are included.
college-level calculus background should Compared to the shock machines covered
be sufficient to follow the derivations and in Chapter 6, with electrodynamics exciter
analyses presented in the book. known as shakers, more versatile excitation
Chapter 1, entitled Shock Analysis, solely
profiles can be generated with better repro-
focuses on how the frequency spectra of
ducibility of impact. Chapter 7 offers a de-
temporal functions are obtained using Fou-
rier transform and sampling theory 共based tailed comparison of shakers with other
on the fast Fourier transform algorithm兲. shock generation methods. In Chapter 8, a
This is a brief, yet useful overview. In brief coverage of damage-based shocks
Chapter 2, the frequency responses of generated by explosive charges is provided
spring-mass-dampers systems are discussed with various comparisons.
in detail. The time and frequency responses The final chapter of the book is devoted to
Protecting the human, structures, material, of single- and multi-dof under various- the control of shakers to generate particular
B68 Book Reviews Appl Mech Rev vol 56, no 5, September 2003

types of excitations with pre-set shock re tion, rather than direct ten-sor notation. service suppliers to the Ford Motor Com-
sponse spectra. The shock profiles ob- pany, and engineers from various consult-
tainedwith the use of simple drop tests ing firms. The character of the book reflects
共covered in Chapter 6兲 are typically insuffi- this background; it is a thorough and de-
cient to recreate many practical impact con- tailed exposition of the subject, which is a
ditions for testing purposes. Actively con- cross between a textbook and a handbook.
The book focuses almost exclusively on au-
trolled shakers using analog and digital
tomobiles, although the basic equations,
methods are discussed. Plots provided for and some of the sections, could also be
various excitation waveforms functions used for other vehicle crash mechanics.
共such as ZERD and WAVESIN兲 could be The book contains seven chapters with the
particularly useful in selecting an appropri- headings: Crash pulse and kinematics;
ate waveform for an application. In addition crash pulse characterization; crash pulse
to an appendix on dimensional scaling in prediction by convolution method; basics of
experimental simulations, a brief history on impact and excitation modeling; response

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the development of mechanical test ma- prediction by numerical methods; impulse,
chines has been provided with the book. momentum and energy; and crash severity
Chapters 3–5 cover the fundamentals of and reconstruction. The chapter on numeri-
Considering the content and depth of Me- continuum mechanics. Chapter 3 discusses cal methods focuses on lumped parameter
chanical Shock, practicing engineers and the geometry of deformation and the vari- methods, which bring out some of the basic
technicians who work in testing and test ous notions of strain. It also covers the features and response characteristics of ve-
specification development areas will find transformations and decompositions of the hicle crash mechanics. This would be likely
this book particularly useful. Also, students strain tensor, and the simplifications that to be more difficult to achieve with finite-
and researchers looking for a concise intro- can be used under certain conditions, such element methods of analysis, which are not
duction to the field of established impact as for the case of small strains. Chapter 4 considered in this book.
and shock testing methods would apply introduces the stress tensor and its proper- Almost all of the references cited are
ties. The two concepts are linked in a books, SAE papers, or conference proceed-
practical techniques covered in the book to
lengthy Chapter 5 on constitutive relation- ings, with virtually no journal articles. This
their specific impact problems. Some read- ships, including elastic and plastic effects.
ers might find the references to French im- forms a valuable entrée into the literature
The energy principles of solid mechanics available on car crash mechanics. English
pact codes particularly interesting. This title are discussed in Chapter 6. Virtual work is
can also be used as a quick reference in units are used throughout the book, with a
used as a starting point for deriving the page of unit conversions before the index.
research laboratories, machines shops, and various variational principles and their ap- Vehicle Crash Mechanics is essential
workshops. plications. This chapter also includes a brief reading for anyone working on, or contem-
discussion on stability theory. Chapter 7 plating studying, the collision mechanics of
9R9. Mechanics of Solids and Shells: simplifies the general formulation to linear
automobiles. It would also be of value to
Theories and Approximations. - G behavior, and discusses some representative
others with an interest in basic aspects of
Wempner (Georgia Inst of Tech, Atlanta problems in two-dimensions. These include
the crashworthiness of other vehicles
plane stress and plane strain problems,
GA) and D Talaslidis (Aristotle Univ, Thes- 共buses, trains, trucks兲. Some of the sections
stress concentration and torsion theory.
saloniki, Greece). CRC Press LLC, Boca on the crash pulse analysis would be of in-
Chapter 8 develops the differential geom-
Raton FL. 2003. 529 pp. ISBN 0-8493- terest to many experimentalists who are ac-
etry of a surface theory, and this acts as a
9654-9. $119.95. tive in the impact field.
prelude to Chapter 9 on shell theory. The
Reviewed by J Petrolito (Sch of Sci and latter chapter provides a concise presenta-
Eng, La Trobe Univ, PO Box 199, Bendigo, tion of the theory and the role of approxi- 9N11. System Dynamics and Long-
Vic 3550, Australia). mations. The development is continued in Term Behavior of Railway Vehicles,
This book can be considered a revised and Chapter 10, which introduces the Track and Subgrade. Series Lecture Notes
updated edition of the first author’s book Kirchhoff-Love constraint and its implica- in Applied Mechanics, Vol 6. - Edited by K
tions. The final chapter provides a brief in- Popp (Univ of Hannover, Germany) and W
Mechanics of Solids with Applications to Schiehlen (Univ of Stuttgart, Germany).
Thin Bodies, which was originally pub- troduction to the finite element method.
Springer-Verlag, New York. 2003. 490 pp. ISBN
lished in 1973. Readers who are familiar Judged on its own merits, Mechanics of 3-540-43892-0. $169.00.
Solids and Shells: Theories and Approxima- New technologies for high-speed railway ve-
with this book will find that much of it has
tions is a useful introduction to the field, hicles have been developed during the last few
been retained, usually verbatim, in the book and it can also serve as a reference for prac- decades. The primary goals have been to increase
under review. The main differences are a ticing engineers and researchers in the area. traction, axle load, and traveling speed, and to
slight rearrangement of the material, a new guarantee passenger safety. However, new devel-
As mentioned previously, the lack of exer- opments have revealed new limitations: settle-
chapter on finite elements, and disappoint- cises makes it more difficult to use as a ment and destruction of the ballast and the sub-
edly, the deletion of the exercises. This lat- teaching text, and it would need to be grade lead to deterioration of the track; irregular
ter change, which diminishes the usefulness supplemented if used in this role. wear of the wheels causes an increase in overall
load and deterioration of passengers comfort; and
of the book as a teaching text, is difficult to 9R10. Vehicle Crash Mechanics. - M damage of the running surfaces of the rail and the
understand. Huang (Dearborn MI). CRC Press LLC, wheel is becoming more frequent. These prob-
The book is suitable for senior under- Boca Raton FL. 2002. 481 pp. ISBN lems have been investigated. This book contains
0-8493-0104-1. $99.95. the scientific results of the program as presented
graduate or postgraduate students and at a colloquium on the subject held at University
Reviewed by N Jones (Dept of Mech Eng, of Stuttgart, Germany, 2002.
aims to provide a broad foundation
Univ of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, Liver- Modern Approach to Classical Mechanics. -
of the fundamentals of stress analysis pool, L69 3GH, UK).
for solids. Much of the text makes signifi- H Iro (Inst for Theor Phys, Johannes Kepler
This book has grown out of lectures Univ, Linz, Austria). World Sci Publ, Singapore.
cant use of general tensor analysis, and which have been given by the author on Distributed in USA by World Sci Publ, River
this is briefly covered in Chapters 1 and 2. vehicle crashworthiness to automotive engi- Edge NJ. 2002. 442 pp. ISBN 981-238-213-5.
The book uses component tensor nota- neers from the Ford Motor Company, full $58.00. 共Under review兲
Appl Mech Rev vol 56, no 5, September 2003 Book Reviews B69

mechanics are presented in Chapter 3. This This reviewer enjoyed reading Creep Me-

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III. AUTOMATIC provides a framework of basic equations for chanics and recommends it for research stu-
material modeling and demonstrates the dents and practitioners alike.
CONTROL need of additional equations to characterize
CMOS Cantilever Sensor Systems: Atomic the time-dependent behavior of particular 9R13. Process Modeling in Composites
Force Microscopy and Gas Sensing Applica- material. These three chapters introduce the Manufacturing. - SG Advani (Univ of
tions. - D Lange (Dept of Elec Eng, Stanford fundamental knowledge that is required to Delaware, Newark DE) and EM Sozer (Koc
Univ, CIS 205-x, Stanford CA 94305-4075), O study the rest of the book. The chapters Univ, Istanbul, Turkey). Marcel Dekker,
Brand (Phys Electron Lab, ETH Zurich, ETH should be particularly helpful to post- New York. 2003. 436 pp. ISBN 0-8247-
Hoenggerberg, HPT-H4.2, Zurich, 8093, Switzer- graduate students. 0860-1. $175.00.
land), and H Baltes (Phys Electron Lab, ETH In Chapter 4, basic modeling techniques Reviewed by L Mishnaevsky Jr (MPA,
Zurich, ETH Hoenggerberg, HPT-H6, Zurich,
8093, Switzerland). Springer-Verlag, Berlin. of creep behavior in primary, secondary, Univ of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 32, Stut-
2002. 142 pp. ISBN 3-540-43143-8. $64.95. and tertiary stages are explained. The creep tgart, D-70569, Germany).
共Under review兲 potential hypothesis is presented. A case This textbook introduces the reader to the
study on creep behavior of thick-walled concepts and methods of the modeling of

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Nonholonomic Mechanics and Control. -
AM Bloch (Dept of Math, Univ of Michigan, Ann tubes is discussed in Chapter 5. The creep polymer composite manufacturing pro-
Arbor MI 48109-1109). Springer-Verlag, New potential hypothesis is compared with the cesses on the basis of the fundamental prin-
York. 2003. 483 pp. ISBN 0-387-95535-6. tensor function theory in Chapter 6. The ciples of fluid mechanics, heat transfer,
$69.95. 共Under review兲 variations in modeling isotropic and aniso- theory, and the analysis of the physics of
Optimal Control Systems. - DS Naidu (Idaho tropic material are discussed. Chapter 7 the process. The authors are successful in
State Univ, Pocatello ID). CRC Press LLC, Boca their aim to create a self-contained text,
deals with creep damage and the use of
Raton FL. 2003. 433 pp. ISBN 0-8493-0892-5. which systematically demonstrates ‘‘how
$99.95. 共Under review兲 damage tensors. Tensorial generalization of
uniaxial creep laws to multiaxial states of one would go about modeling a composite
Underwater Robots: Motion and Force Con- manufacturing process.’’
trol of Vehicle-Manipulator Systems. -
stress is illustrated in Chapter 8.
The book then goes on to discuss viscous The book is logically divided into three
Springer Tracts in Advanced Robotics, Vol 2. - G
Antonelli (Dipartimento di Automazione, Elettro- fluids: linear and nonlinear in Chapters major parts: introduction to the polymer
magnetismo, Ingegneria dell’Informazione e 9–12. Particular attention is given to vari- composite materials and manufacturing
Matematica Industriale, Univ degli Studi di ous viscoelastic rheological models includ- processes 共Ch 1 and 2兲, theoretical tools
Cassino, Via di Biasio 43, Cassino, 03043, Italy). ing Maxwell, Kelvin, and Burgers models and approaches needed to model the pro-
Springer-Verlag, Berlin. 2003. 183 pp. ISBN in Chapter 11. Here, the MAPLE computer cesses 共Ch 3–5兲, and the applications of the
3-540-00054-2. $89.95. 共Under review兲 models to several manufacturing technolo-
program codes of various functions and
their results are illustrated. The parametric gies 共Chapters 6 – 8兲.
studies using the MAPLE computer pro- The microstructures and classifications of

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polymer matrix composites, properties of
IV. MECHANICS OF gram demonstrate the sensitivities of vari-
polymer matrices 共thermoplastic and ther-
ous parameters of the proposed numerical
SOLIDS models. This strengthens the readers’ under- moset resines兲, and fibers, are discussed in
standing of and confidence in using the the Introduction.
9R12. Creep Mechanics. - J Betten (Dept models. Viscoplastic materials are briefly In Chapter 2, Overview of Manufacturing
of Math Models in Mat Sci, Tech Univ explained in Chapter 12. The discussion of Process, different composites manufactur-
Aachen, Augustinerbach 4-22, Aachen, creep experiments in Chapter 13 is interest- ing techniques are outlined. The manufac-
52064, Germany). Springer-Verlag, Berlin. ing, and the references of various creep turing methods are classified according to
2002. 327 pp. ISBN 3-540-42981-6. the dominant flow processes: short fiber
tests are especially useful for researchers.
$89.95. suspension manufacturing methods 共pro-
The two appendices detailing the Dirac and
Reviewed by NCM Tsang (Dept of Civil cesses which involve the transport of fibers
Heaviside functions 共Appendix A兲 and
and Env Eng, Imperial Col of Sci, Tech and and resin as a suspension into a mold or
Laplace transformations 共Appendix B兲 pro-
Med, London, SW7 2BU, UK). through a die to form a composite; ex-
vide a very useful reference for readers who
This textbook covers both the fundamen- amples: injection and compression mold-
tals and application of mathematical model- are not equipped with this type of math- ing, extrusion兲, squeeze flow manufacturing
ing of material behavior under creep condi- ematical skill for creep analysis. methods 共in which the fibers and resin de-
tions using tensor function theory. The book Derivatives for numerical models and al- form together to form a composite shape兲,
is based on the author’s lectures and re- gorithms for numerical methods are pre- and porous media manufacturing methods
search publications since 1969. In addition sented in a very clear manner. This is par- 共in which the resin impregnate and displace
to solid mechanics, the book also covers the ticularly helpful in clarifying many issues the air in a continuous fiber network兲.
analysis of linear and nonlinear viscous flu- that are presented in an abstract form in In Chapter 3, Transport Equations for
ids. An example of creep damage analysis other books. The generalization techniques Composite Processing, the basics of fluid
of thick-walled tubes is provided. The of uniaxial creep laws to handle multiaxial mechanics and heat transfer are reviewed.
book’s level is directed as a text for gradu- stress states and the highlight of differences The conservation equations of mass, mo-
ate students and as a reference for profes- in modeling isotropic and anisotropic mate- mentum and energy, stress-strain rate rela-
sional practitioners and researchers in the rials are essential for engineers analyzing tionships, and their application to modeling
area of time-dependent structural stress and modern structures. The figures 共72 in total兲 the resin flow in the presence of fibers are
deformation analysis. are clear and of great help in promoting the discussed. Many examples with solutions
The book consists of 13 chapters and two readers’ understanding. Although only one are included in this chapter.
appendices. Current advancement in the major example covering thick-wall tubes is In Chapter 4, Constitutive Law and Their
area of creep and creep rupture is first re- given, it is adequate in promoting the un- Characterization, constitutive equations of
viewed among a broader theme of damage derstanding of this complex modeling tech- resins for different cases are discussed.
mechanics. A description of the tensor func- nique. For students, the appendices detail- Physical meaning, mechanisms, and tem-
tion theory and its general bases are given ing the Dirac and Heaviside functions and perature dependence of the viscosity of res-
in Chapter 2. This enables the readers to get Laplace transformations are particularly ins, as well as the effect of bundles of
a grip on the mathematics adopted through- useful. In conclusion, the style is clear and aligned fibers and the short fibers on the
out the book. The basics of the continuum to the point. mechanical behavior of resin are explained.
B70 Book Reviews Appl Mech Rev vol 56, no 5, September 2003

Modeling of the curing of the resin 共kinet- dents, scientists, and specialists in modeling ence in size effect under elastic buckling
ics of the reaction of forming 3D network and manufacturing of composites and to li- conditions compared to when they are on
from mono- or oligomers兲, techniques to braries. an elastic foundation兲.
monitor cure at macro- and microlevel, and Among the topics covered in Chapter 2
the effect of reinforcement on the curing are 9R14. Scaling of Structural Strength. - 共Asymptotic analysis of size effect兲, are
described. Then, the authors discuss the ZP Bazant (Dept of Civil Eng and Mat Sci, asymptotic analysis of size effect in struc-
mechanisms and the effects of the kinetics Northwestern University, Evanston IL tures with notches or large cracks 共includ-
of crystallization of thermoplastics during 60201). Hermes Sci Publ, Paris. Distributed ing a comparison of large- and small-size
solidification. The permeability concept, in USA by Taylor & Francis Publ, New asymptotic expansions of the size effect兲,
which serves as a basis for the analysis of York NY. 2002. 280 pp. ISBN 1-56032- energistic size effect law and its asymptotic
the flow behavior of resin as it impregnates 984-X. $95.00. matching character 共including the role of
the preform, is described in this chapter as Reviewed by G Lewis (Dept of Mech Eng, the brittleness number in linear elastic frac-
well. Univ of Memphis, 316 Eng Bldg, Memphis ture mechanics, LEFM, scaling兲, use of
Chapter 5, Model Simplifications and So- TN 38152). Rice’s J-integral for asymptotic scaling
lutions, deals with the techniques of model- It is widely acknowledged that the subject analysis, identification of fracture param-

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ing the manufacturing processes on the ba- of scaling or size effects 共particularly, in eters from size effect tests on concrete
components and structures fabricated from specimens, comparison of size effect law
sis of the physical laws and concepts
quasi-brittle materials兲 is, arguably, one of 共as obtained from tests conducted on Indi-
described in the previous chapter. Several
the most important ones in solid mechanics. ana limestone, carbon-epoxy fiber compos-
techniques and approaches, which can be
This is because, from a theoretical perspec- ite, silicon oxide, and sea ice specimens兲,
useful in formulation of a model and find- an examination of whether a universal size
ing a solution, are described: dimensional tive, the analysis is very complex, even ab-
struse, in places. In practical terms, scaling effect law exists 共that is, the extent to which
analysis, commonly accepted assumptions all expansions, such as the large-size expan-
for polymer composites processing 共like has far-reaching implications for both the
design and the cost of prototypes of these sion for short cracks, could be made to
quasi-steady state assumption, lubrication yield a single expression that matches all
approximation, this shell approximation兲, components and structures, ranging from
reinforced concrete columns on highways the asymptotic cases兲, interaction diagram
possible simplifications of boundary condi- 共or failure envelope兲 for the case of many
tions and geometry, some mathematical and fine crystal wine glasses to silicon ni-
tride machining tool inserts and ice sculp- loads, and size effect on approach to zero
techniques 共like coordinate transformations, size 共including discussion of two physically
superposition of solutions, decoupling of tures. It is against this background that this
meaningful boundary value problems of
equations兲. book will be judged; that is, first, the extent
elasticity for a body with a crack兲.
In Chapters 6 共Short Fiber Composites兲, 7 to which the author succeeds in mapping
As the title of Chapter 3 共Randomness
共Advanced Thermoplastic Composite out all the theoretical concepts that are rel-
and disorder兲 implies, relevant statistical
evant to scaling and, second, the extent to
Manufacturing Processes兲, and 8 共Process- concepts are described. The chapter opens
which the material covered in the book can
ing Advanced Thermoset Fiber Compos- with a summary of the tenets of the Weibull
aid structural designers. How the book fares
ites兲, models of technological processes of theory and a presentation of what the author
on these scores will be discussed following
the composite manufacturing, based on the calls ‘‘serious objections’’ 共seven, in all兲 to
the descriptions of its contents, which are
ideas and principles given in Chapters 3–5 the applicability of the Weibull theory to
organized into 11 chapters.
and grouped according to the classification quasi-brittle structures. Following this are
In Chapter 1 共Introduction兲, the author
from Chapter 2, are presented and dis- treatments of a number of relevant topics,
provides a sweeping summary of the field such as nonlocal probabilistic theory of size
cussed. Models of flow and heat transfer in of scaling, beginning with two statements
the compression molding, a method of effect, energistic-statistical formula for size
that are both catchy and tone-setting; effect for failures at crack initiation, and the
screw design in the extrusion process and a namely, that scaling is central to all physi-
model of filling stage in injection molding size effect ensuing from J-integral for ran-
cal systems, and that an understanding of domly located cracks. The chapter ends
共Ch 6兲, a model for consolidation and void any theory describing any physical system
reduction during the processing of thermo- with detailed critical examinations of the
exists only when scaling of that system is roles of fracture fracticality and lacunar
plastic composites, which is based on the understood. The author then goes on to
consideration of a squeeze flow of a com- fracticality of microcracks in size effect.
make comments about the nature of the In Chapter 4 共Energetic scaling for sea ice
pressible viscous fluid 共Ch 7兲, and the pro- problem and to present a brief review of the
cesses of autoclave molding, liquid com- and concrete structures兲, a wide range of
history of scaling 共starting with Leonardo topics is covered, these being scaling of the
posite molding and filament molding 共Ch 8兲 da Vinci’s observation about the relation- fracture of floating sea ice plates 共among
are covered. ship between the length and strength of the topics covered are thermal bending frac-
The book is addressed to seniors and first- cords, continuing with the development of ture, numerical simulation and approximate
year graduate students in materials science the Weibull theory, and ending with some analytical solution of vertical penetration,
and engineering, industrial, mechanical, recent developments in quasi-brittle materi- and the force applied by moving ice on a
and chemical engineering, and can also be als, as exemplified by work on concrete兲. In fixed structure兲, size effect of softening in
very useful to specialists in composite this chapter, the three basic theories of scal- beams and plates, steel-concrete beams and
manufacturing and modeling, working both ing in solid mechanics and the four indirect the compound size effect, size effect provi-
in industry and in academia. The book is size effects are summarized, and a host of sions in Japan Concrete Institute, CEB 共Eu-
well structured, and all of the concepts, other topics are covered, namely, power ropean兲, DIN 共German兲, and ACI 共United
ideas, and solutions are explained clearly scaling in the absence of a characteristic States兲 design codes, six reasons why use of
and with many examples and illustrations. length, transitional size effect bridging an excessive dead load factor as a substitute
Each chapter contains questions and ex- power laws for different scales, and deduc- for size effect, in a design code, is inad-
ample problems, fill-in-blanks sections, and tions of the size effect from dimensional equate. The chapter ends with a treatment
original figures. The layout of the book is analysis 共by, for example, converting the of no-tension design of concrete structures
pleasant, and a subject index is available. mathematical formulation of the boundary or rock from the perspective of size effect.
Process Modeling in Composites Manu- value problem to dimensionless form兲, and The topics covered in Chapter 5 共Ener-
facturing is a very good and useful book, stability of structures and the size effect 共for getic scaling of compression fracture and
and can be highly recommended to stu- example, in the case of beams, the differ- further applications to concrete, rock, and
Appl Mech Rev vol 56, no 5, September 2003 Book Reviews B71

composites兲 are propagation of damage begins with a summarized account of the ics at the atomic lattice scale. Throughout
band in components and structures fabri- history of both the cohesive crack model the book, the writing is consistently lucid
cated from these materials 共under compres- and the smeared-tip method. Then, the limi- and well paced 共expansive, where appropri-
sive stress兲, size effect in reinforced con- tations of the cohesive crack model are de- ate, and economical in other places兲. The
crete columns, the fracturing truss 共strut- tailed. Following this, the application of the physical layout of the book is aesthetic; in
and-tie兲 model for shear failure of K version method to asymptotic scaling particular, the diagrams are well drawn and
reinforced concrete beams, experimental analysis for four cases is described. These fully annotated.
and analytical results for the breakout of cases are positive geometry with notch or Regrettably, the book does have three ma-
boreholes in rocks, asymptotic equivalent stress-free initial crack, for fixed K-density jor flaws and one minor one. The first major
LEFM analysis for cracks with residual 共Case 1兲, fracture initiation from a smooth flaw is that size effect in metallic structures
bridging stress, and the applicability of surface, for fixed K-density 共Case 2兲, Cases is not covered at all. 共The author’s rejoinder
compression kink bands and the effect of 1 and 2 for standard cohesive crack model may be that the focus of the book is the
orthotropy, in the case of in fiber-reinforced or first three terms of asymptotic expansion analysis of size effect in components and
composite materials. 共Case 3兲, and negative-positive geometry structures fabricated from quasi-brittle ma-
In Chapter 6 共Scaling via J-integral, with transition 共Case 4兲. Also covered in this terials, for which the effect is both acute

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application to kink bands in fiber compos- chapter are small-size asymptotics of the and complicated. However, this path of de-
ites兲, the author presents very useful sum- cohesive crack model; scaling of cohesive fense, if it is taken, may be insufficient
maries of the following topics: J-integral fracture 共using the nonlocal LEFM ap- given the title of the book and the fact that
analysis of size effect on kink band failures proach兲, the use of the Dirichlet series ex- the limit of the coverage to the aforemen-
共in, for example, single-edge notched car- pansion in a broad-range size effect law, tioned materials is not explained explicitly
bon fiber-reinforced PEEK test specimens兲, 共for Case 1, as given above兲, and the size in the Introduction chapter. Furthermore,
calculations of the first and second parts of effect law in both small- and large-size as- there are many cases of practical impor-
Rice’s J-integral, the derivation of an ex- ymptotics. The chapter ends with a very tance of ductile materials that undergo
pression for the nominal strength of a speci- useful summary of the main points 共11, in transformation to brittleness under certain
men that contains a long kink band, failure all兲 covered in the chapter. environmental conditions; vide the ductile-
of notched specimens containing kink In Chapter 10 共Size effect at continuum brittle transition phenomenon in mild steel.兲
bands, and comparison of the results of size limit on approach to atomic lattice scale兲, a The second main flaw is that only in a few
effect tests of kink band failures in quasi- number of concepts on scaling that are sections 共such as that dealing with size ef-
isotropic and orthotropic carbon fiber- based, essentially, on microscaling the role fect tests of kink band failures in carbon
reinforced PEEK laminates. of plasticity in the theory of metal plastic- fiber-reinforced epoxy laminates兲 does the
The material in Chapter 7 共Time depen- ity, are covered, among which are the defi- author present and comment on compari-
dence, repeated loads and energy absorp- nition of corresponding nominal stresses, an sons between experimental and theoretical
tion capacity兲 is presented in a summarized approximate asymptotic-matching formula results. Other than in Chapter 9, there are
manner. The topics covered are the impact for the dependence of nominal stress on no succinct summaries of the main points
of the two causes of fracture growth in ma- size 共from which the transitional size is es- of the material covered in the chapter. Such
terials 共the viscoelasticity of the material, in timated兲, and micro-torsion and Rockwell summaries would have been very useful
the case of polymers, and the time depen- micro-hardness tests and results. given the denseness of the material in
dence of the bond ruptures that cause frac- In Chapter 11 共Future perspectives兲, the nearly all chapters.
ture, in, for example, rocks兲 on the scaling author reminds the reader that, although All things considered, the author is to be
of fracture, the need to correct fatigue crack much is now known about damage mechan- congratulated on having written a first-class
growth test results for specimen size effect, ics, there is a vast expanse of unknowns,
text on a most important 共but, sadly, either
the viscosity-induced size effect, the rela- and, in an effort to close this knowledge
neglected or misunderstood兲 subject. Given
tionship between ductility of a structure and gap, he identifies 13 areas for future re-
the topics covered and the method of treat-
its energy absorption capacity, and the in- search, including the micromechanical ba-
ment, the audience for this book is more
fluence of size effect on structural ductility. sis of softening damage, scaling problems
likely to be graduate students and research-
Among the topics covered in Chapter 8 in geophysics, and the mixture of extreme
ers in structural mechanics than structural
共Computational approaches to quasibrittle value statistics and the scaling of loads, for
designers. The present reviewer most
fracture and its scaling兲 are the use of ei- a given extremely low probability of fail-
warmly recommends Scaling of Structural
genvalue analysis for calculating the size ure.
Strength to the former group.
effect 共when the cohesive, or fictitious, This book has a number of several attrac-
crack model is used兲, microplane constitu- tive features. The synthesis of research 9N15. ASM Handbook, Volume 11: Failure
Analysis and Prevention. - Edited by RJ Ship-
tive model, basic features of the suite of findings from a large array of studies 共the
ley and WT Becker. ASM Int, Materials Park
numerical methods which may be used in bibliography comprises some 600 titles!兲, OH. 2002. 950 pp. ISBN 0-87170-704-7.
the simulation of damage localization, frac- spanning several decades, is impressive. $206.00.
ture propagation size effect 共for example, However, one should point out that many of This new Volume 11, with a focus on the root
R-curve, finite element analysis, FEA, and the more recent citations are articles by the causes of failure, describes the principles, prac-
element-free Galerkin models兲, nonlocal author and his collaborators. The reading of tices, and analytical techniques of failure analy-
damage models, and two key steps to be the book is greatly facilitated by the fact sis, so that root causes are properly identified and
corrected for the ultimate objective of failure pre-
taken, when performing FEA, to avoid the that, in each chapter, the material is as- vention.
problems of spurious localization of the sembled into many sections and sub- It begins with sections on the general engineer-
damage front into a band of vanishing sections. The equations presented were se- ing aspects of failure prevention with coverage
width and spurious mesh sensitivity of so- lected judiciously to enhance understanding on fundamental root causes, materials selection,
lutions. of the underlying concepts. In all cases, and the role of design reviews in failure preven-
tion and analysis. Additional sections describe
The focus in Chapter 9 共New asymptotic modifications of the quoted equations are failures related to metals manufacturing opera-
scaling analysis of cohesive crack model set out very carefully. The potential for the tions and the increasingly important role of life
and smeared-tip method兲 is the extent to use of scaling effect in emerging areas, no- assessment methods in failure prevention. This is
which analysis of asymptotic scaling prop- tably components and structures engineered followed by a series of additional sections on the
failure analysis process, as well as the principles,
erties of the cohesive crack model is in- using nanotechnology techniques, is ac- practices, tools, and techniques used to perform
formed by a new variant of the smeared-tip knowledged through a very impressive cov- and evaluate failure analysis work and the
approach 共the ‘‘K-version’’兲. The chapter erage, in Chapter 10, of continuum mechan- causes, mechanisms, appearances, and preven-
B72 Book Reviews Appl Mech Rev vol 56, no 5, September 2003

tion methodology for the four classic types of widely used nondestructive testing techniques. discussion of the meaning, implication, and
failure 共fracture, corrosion, wear, distortion兲. 9N22. Thermal Properties of Metals. - ASM significance of each term in the governing
9N16. Atlas of Stress-Strain Curves, Second Int, Materials Park OH. 2002. 300 pp. ISBN equations would help. Some of the most
Edition. - ASM Int, Materials Park OH. 2002. 0-87170-768-3. $155.00.
850 pp. ISBN 0-87170-739-X. $248.00. This new volume is a quick and easy-to-use critical issues related to fluid dynamics:
This edition is substantially larger—in page di- source for qualified thermal properties of metals nonlinearity and associated stability issues,
mensions, number of pages, and total number of and alloys. The data tables are arranged by ma- different mathematical characteristics of the
curves. It contains more than 1400 curves, almost terial hierarchy, with summary tables sorted by
three times as many as in the 1987 edition. The property value. Values are given for a range of equations governing the individual flow
curves are normalized in appearance to aid mak- high and low temperatures. Short technical dis- variables such as velocity and pressure, and
ing comparisons among materials. All diagrams cussions at the beginning of each chapter are de- the implications of boundary conditions and
include metric 共SI兲 units, and many also include signed to refresh the reader’s understanding of geometry should have been given attention,
US customary units. All curves are captioned in a the properties and units covered in that section.
consistent format with information including This reference presents a comprehensive listing especially in the context of flow control.
standard designation, the primary source of the of thermal properties of metallic materials. Data Furthermore, the lead paragraph in Chapter
curve, mechanical properties 共including harden- was collected from more than 80 sources and in- 4 共Stabilization兲, which motivates flow con-
ing exponent and strength coefficient兲, condition cludes values for both ferrous and nonferrous
metals and alloys. Sources and qualifiers are trol, contains inaccurate or incorrect state-
of sample, strain rate, test temperature, and alloy
listed for all values. Values are listed in the pre- ments. Similar complaints can be made

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composition. Curve types include monotonic and
cyclic stress-strain, isochronous stress-strain, and ferred 共SI兲 units and alternate 共customary兲 units. about Chapter 3, which reviews control
tangent modulus. Understanding Viscoelasticity: Basics of theory.
The book also includes an introduction that Rheology. - N Phan-Thien (Mech Eng Dept, Natl
provides background information on methods of In contrast, Chapters 4 and 5 contain sig-
Univ of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Sin-
stress-strain determination, on data presentation nificant and state-of-the-art information.
gapore). Springer-Verlag, Berlin. 2002. 145 pp.
and analysis, and on application of the results. Chapter 4 focuses on stabilization of chan-
ISBN 3-540-43395-3. $34.95. 共Under review兲
9N17. Composite Materials Handbook-MIL nel flows and suppression of vortex struc-
17. - ASTM, W Conshohocken PA. 2002. 2384 tures, while Chapter 5 discusses mixing and
pp. 5-Vol Set includes CD-Rom. $650.00.
dispersion. Well-established tools such as

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This handbook, for the structural applications
of composite materials, includes standards for V. MECHANICS OF the Lyapunov stability analysis and useful
test and characterization methods, statistics, and models such as the Gingsburg-Landau
databases, as well as guidelines for processing, FLUIDS equation have been presented and fruitfully
design, analysis, quality control, repair, and ma-
terial selection. It provides information on poly- employed. Nice fluid flow examples based
9R23. Flow Control by Feedback: Sta-
mer matrix, metal matrix, and ceramic matrix
bilization and Mixing. - OM Aamo (Nor- on numerical simulations are offered to
composite materials. demonstrate the implications of the theoret-
wegian Univ of Sci and Tech, Trondheim,
9N18. Geosynthetics and their Applications. ical framework. Some of the detailed pre-
- Edited by SK Shukla. Thomas Telford Ltd, N-7491, Norway) and M Krstic (Univ of
California, San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093- sentations of the fluid flow computations
London. 2002. 416 pp. ISBN 0-7277-3117-3.
Basic definitions and concepts, as well as case 0411). Springer-Verlag London Ltd, Surrey, also suggest that the resolution of the nu-
histories and information on recent developments UK. 2003. 198 pp. ISBN 1-85233-669-2. merical simulation presented may not be
in geosynthetics are given. Topics covered in- $99.00. sufficient for certain problems. Computa-
clude fundamentals of geosynthetics; soil- tional cost and resolution requirement are
geosynthetic interaction; retaining walls; em- Reviewed by W Shyy (Dept of Aerospace
bankments; shallow foundations; unpaved roads Eng, Mech and Eng Sci, Univ of Florida, main concerns in simulation-based flow
and paved roads; railway tracks; slopes-erosion 231 Aerospace Bldg, PO Box 116250, control development and can be fruitfully
control; slopes-stabilization; landfills; earth Gainsville FL 32611-6250). addressed in the book. More interpretation
dams; containment ponds, reservoirs, and canals; and explanation of the fluid physics associ-
geosynthetic reinforced soil walls and slopes, Flow control is a multidisciplinary topic
seismic aspects; and geosynthetic applications. and, by definition, requires expertise in both ated with the case studies would also sub-
9N19. Guidelines for the Use of Advanced fluid dynamics and control theory. Many stantially strengthen the content. Finally,
Numerical Analysis. - Edited byD Potts (Impe- papers and some books have been pub- several important topics are missing, in-
rial Col), K Axelsson (Jonkoping Col), L Grande lished on this topic. However, successful cluding reduced order representation of the
(NTNU Trondheim), H Schweiger (Graz Univ), efforts, at least for those amenable to physi- full field simulation data 共which is to be
M Long (Univ Col Dublin). Thomas Telford Ltd, cal implementation, are essentially all based differentiated from reduced order model to
London. 2002. 208 pp. Softcover. ISBN 0-7277- on open-loop practices with no feedback approximate physical laws兲, scalability of
3125-4. mechanisms. To date, very few concrete ex-
This book is an authoritative guide that ex- the control strategies with respect to flow
plains, in detail, the potential restrictions and pit- amples and little comprehensive framework parameters 共such as the Reynolds number兲,
falls of advanced numerical analyses. have been developed for closed-loop con- and physical implementation of control
9N20. Inelastic Behavior of Structures Un- trol. From this viewpoint, the present book strategies.
der Varied Repeated Losses: Direct Analysis is a welcomed addition in a timely and Chapter 6 presents sensors and actuators.
Methods. - Edited by D Weichert (RWTH, challenging area. Needless to say, it is difficult to do justice
Aachen, Germany) and G Maier (Politecnico di The book is relatively thin, with 183
Milano, Italy). Springer-Verlag, New York. 2003. within 4.5 pages of the text for such fast
pages of text. However, its coverage is developing and diverse topics.
403 pp. Softcover. ISBN 3-211-83687-X. $89.95. rather broad, including summaries of gov-
Safety assessment is made of structures and Flow Control by Feedback: Stabilization
structural components, possibly operating be- erning equations for fluid dynamics, pre-
and Mixing has recorded the experience of
yond the elastic limits under variable repeated liminary concepts of the control theory, and
two active researchers pursuing theoretical
thermo-mechanical loads. Examples of such situ- detailed discussion of selected case studies
ations can be found both in mechanical and civil flow control. It is not suitable as a textbook,
in feedback flow control. Overall, the pre-
engineering 共eg, transportation technologies, but can be useful for experienced scholars
pressure vessels, pipelines, offshore platforms, sentation is uneven. In particular, certain
equations and theoretical derivations are in need of specialized references.
dams, pavements, and buildings in seismic
zones兲. So-called direct methods are focused, given in lengthy details, but with little dis-
based on the shakedown theorems and their spe- cussion of their physical implications. An 9R24. Variable Density Fluid Turbu-
cialization to limit theorems. lence. Fluid Mechanics and its Applica-
obvious example is the governing equations
9N21. Practical Non-Destructive Testing, for fluid dynamics. After devoting Chapter tions, Vol 69. - P Chassaing (Inst de Meca-
2nd Edition. - Edited by B Raj, T Jaykumar, and
2, totaling 24 pages, to review the subject, nique des Fluides de Toulouse, Toulouse,
M Thavasimuthu. ASM Int, Materials Park OH.
2002. 184 pp. ISBN 0-87170-763-2. $60.00. anyone who is not already familiar with France), RA Antonia (Univ of Newcastle,
This book covers the principles, procedures, fluid dynamics will have gained little im- Newcastle, NSW, Australia), F Anselmet
applications, selection, and limitations of all proved understanding of the subject. A brief (Inst de Recherche sur les Phenomenes
Appl Mech Rev vol 56, no 5, September 2003 Book Reviews B73

hors Equilibre, Marseille, France), L Joly lighted. This is achieved by deriving the
(Ecole Natl Superieure d’Ingenieurs de
Constructions Aeronautiques, Toulouse,
vorticity equation for a general flow and by
evidencing the terms that are absent in in-
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HEATꔴꔴ
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TRANSFER
France), and S Sarkar (Dept of Mech and compressible flows. The role of density 9R25. Heat Transfer in Single and Mul-
Aerospace Eng, UCSD). Kluwer Acad Publ, fluctuations and their diffusive effect are tiphase Systems. - GF Naterer (Univ of
Dordrecht, Netherlands. 2002. 380 pp. analyzed in low-speed flows. The last part Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada).
ISBN 1-4020-0671-3. $110.00. of the chapter is devoted to mechanisms as- CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton FL. 2003. 618
Reviewed by R Verzicco (Dept di Ingegn- sociated with dilatation fluctuations and pp. ISBN 0-8493-1032-6. $129.95.
eria Meccanica e Gestionale, Politecnico di dissipation terms in relation with their con- Reviewed by Lea-Der Chen (Dept of
Bari, Via Re David 200, Bari, 70125, Italy). tributions to energy balance equations. Mech and Ind Eng, Univ of Iowa, 2416B
This book attempts to address the topic of Chapter 7 is very specific, dealing with Seamans Center, Iowa City IA 52242).
variable density fluid turbulence by review- the behavior of velocity and scalar structure It is stated in Preface that a ‘‘primary mo-
ing several approximations for compress- functions in turbulent flows. In particular, tivation for writing this book comes from
ible flow equations, various density induced the classical Kolmogorov and Obhukov hy- discovering the need for a single source of
flow effects, some model homogeneous and potheses and results are critically consid- material to cover each mode of multiphase

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free-shear flows, and in the last part, first- ered in view of the only moderately high heat transfer, as well as the fundamentals of
and second-order compressible turbulence heat transfer.’’ The author has successfully
Reynolds number attained in laboratory
modeling. The adequate statistical tools are brought together a broad range of funda-
conditions. This chapter should be regarded
also provided in order to better analyze the mentals of thermodynamics and transport
as a pedagogical background, since it is
variable density turbulent motion. modeling of single-phase and multiphase
This monograph is a very valuable addi- only concerned with incompressible flows.
heat transfer. Application of the second
tion to the existing literature since, although The analysis of the structure of variable
law of thermodynamics to heat transfer
variable-density turbulence is extremely density low-speed shear flows is performed
analysis is an important aspect of this
common in industrial and geophysical ap- in Chapter 8. In particular, mixing layers book. This book has eleven chapters, ten
plications, its systematic study is very and jets are considered, and many topics property tables, and one subject index. Each
scarce. presented in previous chapters are re- chapter comes with a good mix of ‘‘home-
The book consists of 11 chapters, a very introduced from a different perspective. work’’ problems of fundamental and ap-
large list of references, and a subject index. Chapter 9 presents those free shear flows plied questions.
The chapters are gathered into three main whose density changes are induced by high
parts—theoretical elements, physical analy- velocity values. Once again, mathematical
sis, and modeling for industrial applica- preliminaries are given and the equations
tions. are commented. The dynamics of high-
Chapter 1 introduces the topic by a pre- speed shear layers with the stabilizing ef-
amble with a motivation for studying com- fect of the Mach number, the growth rate of
pressible turbulence. Some expected den- the various thicknesses, and thermody-
sity variation effects are then listed and namic fluctuations are presented.
explained. At the end, a summary of each The last two Chapters, 10 and 11, are de-
chapter’s content, the contributions given voted to compressible turbulence modeling.
by the individual authors, and acknowledg- Both chapters review the existing models
ments are given. Chapter 2 gives an over- 共with zero-, one-, two-equations and for the
view of variable density effects in turbulent full Reynolds Stress Tensor兲 with a particu-
flows. These include stability and transition lar look at the modifications and additional
of mixing layers and jets, buoyancy driven terms needed to account for density varia-
and compressed turbulence, compressible tions.
shear flows, shock turbulence interactions, This monograph has the ambitious goal to The eleven chapters are introduction, con-
and compressible turbulent boundary lay- describe in a single text all the complex dy- duction heat transfer, convective heat trans-
ers. namics of variable density turbulence. In fer, radiative heat transfer, phase change
Chapter 3 reviews different approxima- some respects, the book is successful since heat transfer, gas 共vapor兲-liquid systems,
tions of the variable density Navier-Stokes many complex and poorly understood phe- gas-solid 共particles兲 systems; liquid-solid
equations including Lighthill’s acoustic nomena are illustrated with physical ex- systems, gas-liquid-solid systems, heat ex-
analogy, Boussinesq approximation, and changers, and computational heat transfer.
amples and the analysis of the single terms
low-Mach number formulation. The incom- Chapter 1 reviews the vector and tensor no-
of the equations. What this reviewer has
pressible equations are then derived as the tations, properties and the first law of ther-
found less successful is the amalgamation
limit of the general equations. In Chapter 4, modynamics, three modes of 共single-phase兲
the equations governing fluid mixtures of the different chapters, since many topics heat transfer, and phase change heat trans-
共with particular emphasis to binary mix- are discussed more than once using differ- fer. Chapters 2– 4 cover the three modes of
tures兲 are introduced together with the non- ent notations for the equations and termi- heat transfer. One-dimensional, stated-state
dimensional parameters. The dynamics of nology. heat conduction is emphasized in Chapter
density fluctuations is then discussed for This reviewer has found several misprints 2. Discussion of the transient and multi-
several kinds of approximations. in the text and formulas and, even though dimensional heat conduction is also in-
Chapter 5 provides the essential tools for the quality of the figures is generally good, cluded. Formulation of two-dimensional
variable density flows and derives the trans- reproducing color plots using gray levels convective heat transfer is detailed in Chap-
port equations governing averaged and yields misleading figures. The last two ter 3. Examples of external and internal
single point properties of the flow field. A points, however, cannot be ascribed to the flows, forced and free convection are also
detailed comparison of the terms coming authors but rather to the editorial office. In given, along with a brief account of classi-
from binary and ternary regrouping is per- conclusion, this reviewer enjoyed reading cal turbulence modeling. Entropy balance
formed, and the physical meaning of the Variable Density Fluid Turbulence and ad- equations are introduced. Chapter 4 pre-
arising terms is given. vises the purchase of the text to graduate sents fundamentals of thermal radiation.
In Chapter 6, some basic variable density students, researchers, and engineers, as well Radiative heat exchange equations are
mechanisms of turbulent flows are high- as libraries. given for calculation of radiative heat trans-
B74 Book Reviews Appl Mech Rev vol 56, no 5, September 2003

fer between multiple diffuse and gray sur- Reviewed by SR Gollahalli (Lesch Cen- describing the techniques in TOSCA, deals
faces; only non-participating medium is tennial Chair, Director, Sch of Aerospace with object-oriented programming. The
considered. Extensive discussion of solar and Mech Eng, Univ of Oklahoma, Norman fourth chapter presents predictions obtained
energy is also given in Chapter 4. Chapter 5 OK 73019-0601). using the TOSCA software library and their
covers the thermodynamics of phase This monograph deals with the analysis validations, and includes single particle
change and transport modeling of solidifi- and numerical simulation methods of ther- conversion, motion of particles, and packed
cation and melting, and evaporation and mal conversion of solid fuels, which in- bed conversions, such as a forward acting
sublimation. The transport modeling is cludes various processes of drying, pyroly- grate and a combustion chamber. The last
presented within the context of the ‘‘mix- sis, devolatilization, and gasification. These chapter presents a concise summary and
ture’’ 共or volume averaging兲 and two-fluid processes occurring in a packed or moving conclusions. Three appendices covering the
formulations. The interfacial equations de- bed situation include complex and intercon- list of nomenclature, experiments facilities,
scribing the mass, momentum and energy nected mechanisms involving thermody- and numerics follow the conclusions. An
balances, and the interfacial entropy con- namics, fluid dynamics, chemistry, and extensive bibliography with 318 references
straint are also introduced. Chapters 6 –9 physics. An analysis that delineates the rel- and a subject index are also included.
include extensive discussions on the calcu- evant processes from the minor mecha- Overall, Thermal Conversion of Solid Fu-

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lation of heat transfer in gas-liquid, gas/ nisms that led to the development of the els contains interesting material on numeri-
liquid-solid, and gas-liquid-solid systems. Discrete Particle Method 共DPM兲, which cal analysis based on a novel technique for
Boiling, condensation, and thermosyphon considers particles with conversion pro- analyzing solid thermal conversion pro-
are covered in Chapter 6; particle-laden cesses attached to it as an individual entity, cesses. Engineers that deal with drying pro-
flow and fluidization in Chapter 7; solidifi- is the basis of the book’s contents. Three cesses, gasification, and packed bed reac-
cation and melting in Chapter 8; and non- major areas have been identified in the ther- tors should find this book interesting and
reacting and reacting multi-phase flows in mal conversion of solids and addressed in- useful. It is a valuable addition to the refer-
Chapter 9. A simplified approach that ac- dividually with simulation methods: heat ence libraries for research and academia.
counts for participating 共gray兲 gases and and mass transfer interaction between solid, Nonclassical Thermoelastic Problems in
solids is used for calculation of the com- liquid, and gaseous phases in a particle; re- Nonlinear Dynamics of Shells. Applications of
bined convective and radiative heat transfer acting flow in the voids between the par- the Bubnov-Galerkin and Finite Difference Nu-
in Chapter 7. The applications of liquid- ticles; and overall motion of an ensemble of merical Methods. - J Awrejcewicz (Dept of Auto-
solid analysis to material processing, manu- particles. The conversion of a particle is de- matics and Biomechanics, Tech Univ of Lodz,
facturing processes, energy storage, and scribed by conservation equations similar to 1/15 Stefanowskiego St, Lodz, 90-924, Poland)
pipeline freezing are given in Chapter 8, and VA Krys’ko (Dept of Math, Saratov State
those in computational fluid dynamics, and Tech Univ, 77 Polyteshnycheskaya St, Saratov,
and examples of freezing of water drops the motion of the particles is described by
laden flows 共non-reacting兲, and combustion molecular dynamics methods under the hi-
41005, Russia). Springer-Verlag, Berlin. 2003.
428 pp. ISBN 3-540-43880-7. $89.95. 共Under re-
and metallurgy applications 共reacting兲 in erarchy of TOSCA 共Tools of object- view兲
Chapter 9. Heat exchanger calculations us- oriented software for continuum-mechanics
ing the overall heat transfer coefficient and applications兲.
NTU methods are covered in Chapter 10.
An overview of the finite difference and fi-
nite element methods for computa-

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tional heat transfer is given in Chapter 11.
Discussions are also given on the finite vol- X. GENERAL &
ume formulation, structure vs unstructured MISCELLANEOUS
grid, numerical ‘‘formulations’’ of example
applications, and numerical accuracy and
efficiency. 9N27. Nanotechnology: Basic Science
This reviewer feels that Heat Transfer and Emerging Technologies. - M Wilson,
in Single and Multiphase Systems makes K Kannangara, G Smith (Univ of Tech, Syd-
a good candidate as a textbook or as a ref- ney, Australia), M Simmons (Atomic Fabri-
erence for a three-semester hour, inter- cation Facility, Sydney, Australia), and B
mediate level heat transfer course, of Raguse (CSIRO Telecomms and Indust
which the course objectives are to cover the Phys, Lindfield, Australia). Chapman and
three modes of heat transfer and the multi- Hall/CRC, Boca Raton FL. 2002. 288 pp.
phase heat transfer. This reviewer also ISBN 1-58488-339-1. $59.95.
The first chapter presents an overview of This book bridges the gap between de-
recommends this book for libraries of insti-
the thermal conversion processes of a tailed technical publications that are beyond
tutions of higher learning, and for per-
packed bed including the conversion re- the grasp of nonspecialists and popular sci-
sonal libraries of heat transfer pro-
gimes of a single particle and a packed bed, ence books, which may be more science
fessionals.
and ends with an extensive review of the fiction than fact. It provides a fascinating,
literature on packed bed, particle, and gas scientifically sound treatment.
9R26. Thermal Conversion of Solid Fu- phase conversions. The second chapter, on After a basic introduction to the field, the
els. Developments in Heat Transfer, Vol 15. numerical methods, begins with models in authors explore topics that include molecu-
- B Peters (Res Center Karlsruhe, the literature on drying, pyrolysis, gasifica- lar nanotechnology, nanomaterials and nan-
Karlsruhe, Germany). WIT Press, tion, and heterogeneous combustion. opowders, nanoelectronics, optics and pho-
Southampton, UK. Distributed in USA by Thermo-fluid interaction in a reacting tonics, and nanobiomimetrics. The book
Comput Mech, Billerica MA. 2003. 205 pp. packed bed and particle motion are covered concludes with a look at some cutting-edge
ISBN 1-85312-953-4. $122.00. in the rest of this chapter. The third chapter, applications and prophecies for the future.
 Author Index for September 2003
The codes after each name give the sequence numbers of the items in the Book Reviews section (R ⫽ Review, N ⫽ Note).
Books listed by title only or as ‘‘under review’’ are not included in this index.

A C J Krstic, M - R23
P Shipley, RJ - N15
Shukla, SK - N18
Woodbury, KA - N4

Aamo, OM - R23 Chassaing, P - R24 Jaykumar, T - N21 Peters, B - R26 Simmons, M - N27
Advani, SG - R13 Joly, L - R24 L Popp, K - N11 Smith, G - N27
Sozer, EM - R13
Anselmet, F- R24 Potts, D - N19
Antonia, RA - R24 D Lalanne, C - R8
Long, M - N19
T
Axelsson, K - N19

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Deconinck, H - N3 R Talaslidis, D - R9 Y
Thavasimuthu, M -

K M Raguse, B - N27 N21 Yu, De-hao - R1

B G Maier, G - N20
Raj, B - N21

Barth, T - N3
Grande, L - N19
Kannangara, K -
N27
Mueller, TJ - R7 S W
Bazant, ZP - R14
Becker, WT - N15
H Kattan, P - N5
Komarovsky, AA - R2
N Sarkar, S - R24
Schiehlen, W - N11
Weichert, D - N20
Wempner, G - R9
Betten, J - R12 Huang, M - R10 Kompis, V - N6 Naterer, GF - R25 Schweiger, H - N19 Wilson, M - N27

Appl Mech Rev vol 56, no 5, September 2003 B75 © 2003 American Society of Mechanical Engineers