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Engineering mechanics is classified into mechanics of solids and mechanics of fluids, with solid mechanics further divided into rigid and deformable bodies. Rigid body mechanics includes statics and dynamics, while dynamics is categorized into kinematics and kinetics based on whether forces are considered. Fundamental laws of mechanics, including Newton's laws, describe the behavior of objects in motion and their interactions.

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4 views

mechanics micro

Engineering mechanics is classified into mechanics of solids and mechanics of fluids, with solid mechanics further divided into rigid and deformable bodies. Rigid body mechanics includes statics and dynamics, while dynamics is categorized into kinematics and kinetics based on whether forces are considered. Fundamental laws of mechanics, including Newton's laws, describe the behavior of objects in motion and their interactions.

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manmathbulewarmath
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Classification of Mechanics

Base on the body to which the mechanics is applied, the engineering mechanics is classified
as

i. Mechanics of Solids, and

ii. Mechanics of Fluids.

The solid mechanics is the further classified as the mechanics of rigid bodies and mechanics
of deformable bodies.

Classification of Engineering Mechanics

The body which will not deform or the body in which deformation can be neglected in the
analysis, are called as Rigid bodies.
The mechanics of the rigid bodies dealing with the bodies at rest is termed as Statics and
that dealing with bodies in motion is called Dynamics.

The dynamics dealing with the problems without referring to the forces causing the motion of
the body is termed as Kinematics and if it deals with the forces causing motion also, is called
Kinetics.

Basic Terminologies In Mechanics

• Mass

• The quantity of the matter possessed by a body is called mass.

When a body is taken out in a spacecraft, the mass will not change but its weight may
change due to change in gravitational force.

• Time

Time is the measure of succession of events.

The successive event selected is the rotation of earth about its own axis and this is called a
day.

• Space

• The geometric region in which study of body is involved is called space.

• Displacement

• Displacement is defined as the distance moved by a body/particle in the specified direction.


Velocity

• The rate of change of displacement with respect to time is defined as velocity.

• Acceleration

• Acceleration is the rate of change of v with respect to time.

• Thus adv/dt, where v is velocity

• Momentum

The product of mass and velocity is called momentum. Thus

Momentum Mass × Velocity

Rigid Body

A body is said to be rigid, if the relative positions of any two particles in it do not change
under the action of the forces.

Laws of Mechanics

• The following are the fundamental laws of mechanics:


1. Newton's first law

2. Newton's second law

3. Newton's third law

4. Newton's law of gravitation

5. Law of transmissibility of forces, and

6. Parallelogram law of forces.

 Newton's First Law

It states that every body continues in its state ជ or of uniform motion in a straight line unless
it is compelled by an external agency acting on it.

This leads to the definition of force as the external agency which changes or tends to change
the state of rest or uniform linear motion of the body.

 Newton's Second Law

It states that the rate of change of momentum of a body is directly proportional to the
impressed force and it takes place in the direction of the force acting on it.

Thus according to this law,

Force x mass acceleration


 Newton's Third Law

It states that for every action there is an equat and opposite reaction.

Consider the two bodies in contact with each other. Let one body applies a force F on
another. Ac…

This law states that if two forces simultaneously on a body at a poi e presented in magnitude
and direction by the two adjacent sides of a parallelogram, their resultant is represented in
magnitude and direction by the diagonal of the parallelogram which passes through the point
of intersection of the two sides representing the forces.

 Units
1. *First Law (Law of Inertia):* An object will remain at rest or in uniform motion in a
straight line unless acted upon by an external force. In other words, objects tend to maintain
their state of motion (either at rest or moving at a constant velocity) unless a force is applied
to change that motion.

2. *Second Law (Law of Acceleration):* The acceleration of an object is directly


proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass.
Mathematically, this is expressed as F = ma, where F is the net force applied to the object,
m is its mass, and a is its acceleration. This law explains how the motion of an object
changes when a force is applied.

3. *Third Law (Action-Reaction Law):* For every action, there is an equal and opposite
reaction. When one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts a
force of equal magnitude but in the opposite direction on the first object. This law describes
the interaction between two objects and how their forces affect each other.
Together, these laws provide a framework for understanding the behavior of objects in
motion and have applications in various fields such as engineering, astronomy, and
everyday life.

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