Biological Classification Marks

Who Proposed Five Kingdom

Classification. Write its main criteria?
R H Whittaker
Cell structure
Body organisation
Mode of nutrition
Reproduction
Phylogenetic relationships
Kingdom of unicellular eukaryote: Protista;
Kingdom of unicellular prokaryote: ______

Ans :
Monera
Identify the types of Archaebacteria you
have studied.

Methanogens

Halophiles

Thermoacidophiles
Identify the diagram. Label A & write its
function
A
* Heterocyst [N-fixation]

mu
Match the following Model 2025
=
Q .

Why s

have no
Sexual
u
Reproduction
.
 Identify A & B in the diagram given below
viru which

infect
bacteria

TMV
Tobacco Mosaic virus Bacteriophage
.
Q
Viruses are covered by a protein coat,
what is its name? Model 2025
An :
Capsid .
made up of
CpSoneres
 Some organisms show associations which are mutually
benefited.
a)Which are the components of Lichens?
b) What is the ecological significance of lichens?

(a) Algae +
Fungi
y

Phycobiont Mycobiont
Pollution Indicators .
(b)
PLANT KINGDOM
7

" Mark's
Q .

The fusion between one large non-motile

female gamete and a small Male gamete is
called ……..
Am :
Oogamy.
Q
Write any Two economic importance
.

an
of Algae.
Ans : (1) Algae used as
food
primary producers on
(2) They are
Earth
used in the preparation
(3) Agar
-

Le Cream & Jellies .

of
(4) Chlorella rich in
proteinusedba
 Name two hydrocolloids (water holding
substances) produced commercially from algae.

Algin ( brown algae) , Carrageen (red algae)

Au
Bryophytes are called amphibians
of the plant kingdom. Why?

Because Bryophytes can live in soil but are

dependent on water for sexual reproduction.
Q .

The spread of living pteridophytes is

limited and restricted to narrow
geographical regions. Why? 2025 Modes

Ans :
Peridophyte require cool damp
,
,

(gametophyte) ↓
shady place
Need
grow
.

for fertlization
.
water
Q .

Define Heteospory. Give Example

Ans : Formation of2 kind of Spores,

& large Megaspores
.
Small Micro
Salvinia
Eg Seloginella
: ,
Mycorrhiza ·
Mention the three types of sexual
reproduction seen in algae.

1) Isogamy Similar
= gamete
2) Anisogamy
3) Oogamy -Dissimilar a
game all t
Non-motile eie
gamet
 Put
Name the three main classes of
Algae based on the pigments present
on it.
&

Chlorophyceae – Chlorophyll a,b

Phaeophyceae - Chlorophyll a,c , Fucoxanthin
Rhodophyceae - Chlorophyll a,d , Phycoerythrin
 MORPHOLOGY
4- 5 Marks
OF
FLOWERING PLANTS
Observe the figure and label the parts
(a), (b) and (c). Write down the functions of root hairs.

·
Maturation region

Elongation region
Meristematic region .
 =
Arrangement of
Veins & Veinlets
on the lamina of
leaf

Reticulate Parallel
 Cynose Racemose
A B

* unlimited growth
I Acropetal
Succession .
1 Limited
growth
succession
* Basipetal
volvate
Twisted vexillary

&

- > Standard petal

&Y Wing petal
Keel petal
The arrangement of ovules in the ovary is known as placentation.
Given below are different types of placentations.
a) Identify (a), (b)(c)
and
·
b)
b) Briefly
Give one
Axile
explain (a), (b)
example and (c) in one or two sentences.
each
> China Rose,
Tomato-8s Lemon
3 marks
,

Free Central
Marginal
Pea Dianthus
Eg :

primrose.
-gg,
¥----_@--eEAITIfIes
i.

InteriorSuperior
half-interior China Rose

Mustard

Perigynous Epigynous Hypogynous

Sunflower -0s
3 marks
#PR encumber - Guara
Observe the relation between the first
pair and fill in the blanks

Outer layer of seat coat : testa

Tegmen
Inner layer of seat coat : ………
(a) Solanacea- Corolla

(b)(15)
*
E (2 Valuate
Aestiration
(C) Tomato Brinjal
,
ANATOMY OF Marks
FLOWERING
PLANTS
Parenchyma is a tissue for storage,
Mechanical Support
Collenchyma is a tissue for .............
 Identify A, B, & C in the given diagram.
State the function of C.
Epidermal
Cells

gaseou exchange subsidiary

Transpiration cells
cell
Guard
stomatal
c =
opening & closing of pore
stomate
 Three different types of vascular bundles A, B, & C
are given below. Identify each.
Stem Dicot Stem
Root Monocot

Radial
Conjoint en

closed
Conjoint
Q
n
.

What are casparian strips? Where is it seen?

the
Ans :
Thickening found in

radial walls
&
tangential
root Endodermis .
of the passage of
They preventto the depositor
water due
of suberin .
Identify the anatomical specimens A
and B given below with any two
difference.
m

. Root
M

D
.
Stem
M .
Root
M-Root
D Stem
.

D .
Stem
Q .

Write two characteristic features of

the vascular bundle of Dicot Stem
2025 Model

Ans : Vascular Bundles are

arranged
formy of
ming
in the
a
.
Cambium is present
endanch
Xylem is
Pith is present
 Isobilateral leaf
Dorsiventral
Isobilateral leaf
leaf .

Dosiventral leaf
Cell - The Basic Unit of Life

Marks
#

-
afor
Ens : (i) Cell
wall
firm
(2) replication
INA

(3) Respiration
Increas the Surface area
of
(4)
plasya membrane.
 Differentiate between Prokaryotic &
Eukaryotic Cell
Eukaryote
Prokaryote
(i) Nucleu & (i) Nucleus & No mem.
N .
membrane are present
are absent linear
(ii) DNA is
material
(ii) Genetic
or DNA is Circular
80s
Ribosomes are
of 70s Ribosomes are
of
Observe the given diagram.Identify the diagram . Who
proposed it ? > Fluid Mosaic Model .
↓ ↓
Proteins
Lipide

&
> cell membrane
E
, Nicholson in 1912
Singer
Endoplasmic reticulum is of two types. Write their
structural and functional differences.

RER SER

Rough ER Smooth ER
.

Ribosomes No Ribosomes
Protein Synthesis hipid Synthesis
 -Matrix
Grista
·

u
(a) Mitochondria
=

Powerhousa
 George palade
in 1953
(a)

b) RNA E , proteins
 satellite
M T

Centro
>
-
mere

Teocentric Sub-meta #
Metacentric
centric
 Cell Cycle
&
Cell Division
4 -
-
Marks
Q .

Name the three phases of interphase?

,, S
G ,
G
,
Q .

DNA replication takes place during the

____ stage of Interphase

A . S phase
Q .

G0 phase is called as the

quiescent stage of the cell
cycle. Why?
.
Quiescent Stage
Ans Go phane
:

do not divide enter

Cele that
.
into Go phane Inactive stage
or
What are the 4 main stages of
Mitosis?
· .

Prophase
2 .

Metaphase
5.
Anaphase
4 .

Telophase
Q .

Chromosome morphology can be

easily studied during which phase?

"Metaphase"
In which stage of mitosis chromatids
are separated to opposite poles?
2025 Model

Anaphase"
LI
What is meant by
syncytium? Eg.
condition due to the
Multinucleate
absence of Cytokinesis .

Eg : liquid endosperm of
Coconut
 Which is the most prolonged
stage during meiosis.
Mention its sub stages.
> Prophase I

heptotene Diplotene
Zygotene Diakinesis
pachytene
 Identify the phase given
below .Mention any two events that
takes place during this phase.
Spindle fibre
↑

Metaphase (1)
attach to
Kinetochore
(2) chromosome
moves to equator
 Crossing over is a very important process that
leads to genetic variability in a population.
a) What is crossing over?
b) In which stage it occur?
c) Name the enzyme that mediates crossing over.
ca) Exchange of Genetic material

(b) Pachytene
Il 11

(c) recombinase
 7 Marks
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
IN HIGHER
PLANTS
Q .

Who proposed that chloroplast is the site

of photosynthesis?

J Von Sachs
.
Q
~
.

In photosynthesis ___is the hydrogen donor

Water (120)
.
Q
Chromatographic separation of leaf
pigments shows that leaf consists of 4
pigments. Write the name and colour of
each pigment.

l Chlorophyllagreen a col

(ii) Xanthophyl (Yellow)

1 Carotenoids (yellow-orange)
&

What are the accessory pigments ? Write its two

functions.
Chlorophyll b , Xanthophyll, and Carotenoids.
1.Helps to absorb light having different wavelength and
transfer the energy to chlorophyll a for photosynthesis.
2. Protect chlorophyll a from photo-oxidation.
Observe the given diagram and answer the following questions

a) Identify the figure

b) Name A & B (2)

(a) LHC

(b) = Chlorophyll a
B =
pigment
mol
Observe the given figure and answer the following questions.

Gelie

A B

Identify A & B Non-cyclic

According to Chemi osmotic hypothesis,
proton gradient formed in a membrane
is required for the synthesis of ATP.
Write two reasons for the development
of proton gradient in Thylakoid
membrane of chloroplast.
the Inner Side
(i) Splitting of water on
membrane
of the
Thylacoid as
(ii) accumulation of Inner
protons o
 RubisCo
The most abundant enzyme in the world is____

Carboxylase
.
RuBP Oxygenase
 1

Carboxylation, Reduction and Regeneration are the three

important stages in a cyclic reaction.
a) Identify the metabolic reaction
b) Explain the events in each stage
c) Name the enzyme involved in carboxylation
 1)

a) C3 pathway Calvin Cycle"

b) carboxylation =CO2 combine with RuBP to form 2 molecule of 3-PGA
Reduction =series of reaction leading to the formation of triose phosphate
Regeneration =regeneration of RuBP
c) RuBISCO
Light reaction is otherwise called photophosphorylation.
a) Justify the statement.
b) Locate the site of this reaction
c) Write any two difference between cyclic and non cyclic
photophosphorylation
a) during light reaction synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi occurs by
using light energy.
b) In the membrane system of chloroplast.
c)
 BeBundle
A =
Mesophyll
Sheath

Oxalo Acetic Acid

Pep carboxylave
 RuBP PER
G 24
Can
Rice ,
wheat Maize , Sugar
Sorghum
Co Saturation point
360 11L
458 MIL-
Temperature - O 30 -

40
G0-26
& .

photorespiration is known Ccch?

as

substrate
In phot respiration
is phosphoglycolate
for yeaction
which is a ze compound.
7 Marks
.
Q
Plans
t can get along without respiratory
organs. Write two species that helps
plants to do so. Features

(i) Each plant part

takes care of
needs
it
gas exchange
(ii) Plants do not present great
demands for gas exchange.
 Match the following.

A 11
=
C =
I =
/
B =
NVD =
v
RespiratorySubstate of proteins
=
O

R . R .

of Ayaerobic Respiration
=

Infinite (2)
Glycolysis is a common pathway of both aerobic
and anaerobic respiration.
a) Where does it occur? Cytoplasm
b) Name the end products of glycolysis.
Acid
Pyravic
Few events of cellular respiration is given below.
1. Glucose into glucose 6-phosphate
2. 1,3 Bis PGA becomes 3-phosphoglyceric acid
3. PEP converted in to pyruvic acid
1) These steps belongs to which process
2) Write down the step in which NADH+H+ is produced

1) Glycolysis
2) Conversion of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate into 1,3
bisphosphoglyceric acid during glycolysis
Observe the diagram
A) What are A, B, C,D ATP

B) Name the complex ?

Fo-F , Oxysomes Fo Fi

Inner

Mitochondrial
membrane
What is oxidative phosphorylation?

Oxidative phosphorylation is the process of making

ATP by using the proton gradient generated by the
ETS during aerobic respiration.
TCA cycle is given below. Name the substrate A, B,
C and D

OAA
Citric Acid
3 -

↓
- Acid
i

Malic Acid
Q
It is better to consider respiratory
.

pathway as an amphibolic pathway

rather than a catabolic one. Why?
involve both
Respiratory pathway
& catabolism . hence
anabolism
is an amphibolic
resp
-

pathway
path . way
PLANT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
a
Write the particularity of cells seen at the
Meristematic phase of growth
Ans :

Active Cell division

(i)

(ii) rich in
protoplasm
nuclei
>
-

large Conspicuous
made up
> Cell
- wall thina
of Cellulose
 Match the following

a
1 =
c =

2 d
b
=

5 =

3 = 2
Based on the functions PGRs can be
divided into two.
a) Which are they?
b) Give examples for each

a) growth promoters and inhibitors

b) Promoters: auxin, cytokinin, gibberellins & ethylene.
Inhibitors: ABA & ethylene.
Observe the experiment.
a) Name the PGR Auxin
b) Identify the Phenomenon #hototropisin
Define growth rate. Which are
the two types of growth rates
seen in plants?

The increased growth per unit time.

Arithmetic and geometric growth rate.
 Geometre
②

curve

D
d = Exponential
phas
e-Stationary phase
a

a = Time
the one
weight
an
of
b =
Sizeor

c =
hag phase
 What is Foolish seedling disease?
Which pathogen is responsible for
this?

Bakane disease of rice caused by a fungus called

Gibberella fujikuroi .
Differentiate between phototropism
and photoperiodism?

Phototropism: growth of plants towards

sunlight.
Photoperiodism: response of plants to relative
day and night length.
Expand the following IAA, IBA,
NAA, 2, 4-D.
IAA: Indole Acetic Acetic Acid

IBA: Indole Butyric Acid

NAA: Naphthalene Acetic Acid

2,4-D: 2,4 Dichloro phenoxy acetic acid.

Name the PGR that responsible
for apical dominance? What is
apical dominance?

Auxin. Apical dominance: growing apical buds by

inhibiting the growth of lateral buds
 What is decapitation? Why it
is widely applied in tea
plantations?

Removal of shoot tips is called decapitation

By decapitation we can overcome apical dominance and allow the
growth of new lateral buds to get more and more tender leaves. Eg.
Tea plant.
 What is respiratory climactic? Name the
PGR responsible for this phenomenon?
2025 Model

The rise in rate of respiration during

ripening of fruits is called respiratory
climactic.
Ethylene .
Which is the most widely used compound
as source of ethylene? Write its two
physiological activities?

Ethephon, hastens fruit ripening in tomatoes,

accelerates abscission of flowers and fruits.it promote
female flowers in cucumber.
A) Which PGR is known as stress hormone?
B) Why it is so called?

A) ABA
B) Increase the tolerance of plants to various kinds of stress.
 Which of the plant growth regulators would you use if you are
asked to do the following process?
a-Induce parthenocarpy Auxin
b-Quickly ripen a fruit Ethiglene
c-Induce stomatal closure in leaves ABA
d-To increase length of grape stalk GAGA
e-To speed up the malting process in brewing industry
f-To break seed and bud dormancy.
Ethylene
a) auxin, b) ethylene, c) ABA, d) gibberellins e) gibberellins,
f) ethylene.
Da