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ECE241 CH 4

Chapter 4 of 'Modern Digital and Analog Communication Systems' discusses analog modulations and demodulations, focusing on the principles of modulation, including DSB Amplitude Modulation (DSB-SC). It explains the differences between baseband and carrier communications, the modulation process, and the demodulation techniques for recovering the original message signal. The chapter also covers various types of modulators and demodulators used in analog communication systems.

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22 views22 pages

ECE241 CH 4

Chapter 4 of 'Modern Digital and Analog Communication Systems' discusses analog modulations and demodulations, focusing on the principles of modulation, including DSB Amplitude Modulation (DSB-SC). It explains the differences between baseband and carrier communications, the modulation process, and the demodulation techniques for recovering the original message signal. The chapter also covers various types of modulators and demodulators used in analog communication systems.

Uploaded by

abdallhmamdouh079
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ECE 241

Analog Communication
Ch4: Analog Modulations
and Demodulations
By
Ahmad AbdAllah Hassan, PhD.
Modern Digital and
Analog Communication
Systems
/in/aahassan1/ 5th edition
B.P. Lathi, Zhi Ding
Oxford University Press, 2019
Ch4: 4-1
Outline
▪ Introduction
▪ Baseband Versus Carrier
Communications
▪ DSB Amplitude Modulation

Ch4: 4-2
Course
Introdu
ction:
1-3

Introduction
• Modulation: Shifts message signals to a frequency band defined by the
physical channel.
• Advantages:
o Ease of RF transmission
o Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)
• Types:
o Analog Modulation: AM, FM, PM
o Digital Modulation: Used in modern systems (e.g., cellular, HDTV,
Bluetooth).
• Why Study Analog Modulations?
o Foundation of all communication systems.

Ch4: 4-4
Course
Introdu
ction:
1-5

Baseband Versus Carrier


Communications
❑ Baseband Communications:
o Direct transmission of message signals without modification (give
some typical examples).
o Examples: Audio (0-3.5 kHz), Video (0-4.3 MHz).
o Limitations:
• Low-frequency content makes wireless transmission difficult.
• Requires dedicated channels (e.g., twisted pairs, coaxial cables).
❑ Carrier Communications:
o Use modulation to shift the signal spectrum to higher frequencies.
o Enables:
• Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)
• Efficient power radiation via antennas.

Ch4: 4-6
Carrier Modulation
•Analog Modulation:
• Modulates one of the three parameters of a sinusoidal carrier:
• Amplitude: AM
• Frequency: FM
• Phase: PM
•AM: Linear modulation
•FM & PM: Nonlinear, collectively known as angle modulation.
•Note: PAM, PWM, PPM, PCM, and DM signals are baseband signals.
The analog message signal is modulating parameters of a digital pulse
train. These pulse modulated signals can still modulate a carrier in
order to shift their spectra
Ch4: 4-7
Amplitude Modulation
• Basic Concept:
• Modulate the amplitude of a carrier signal with the source
message signal.
• Equation:

• Frequency Domain:

• Double-Sideband Suppressed-Carrier (DSB-SC):


• No discrete carrier component in the modulated signal.
Ch4: 4-8
Course
Introdu
ction:
1-9

DSB Amplitude
Modulation
DSB-SC Modulation
•Modulation Process:
• Multiply message signal m(t) by carrier cos(ωct).
• Spectrum shifts to ±fc
• Bandwidth: 2B Hz (where B is the bandwidth of m(t)).
•Upper Sideband (USB) & Lower Sideband (LSB):
• USB: Frequencies above fc
• LSB: Frequencies below fc
• double-sideband, suppressed-carrier (DSB-SC) modulation.
• The modulated signal does not contain a discrete component of the
carrier frequency fc
Ch4: 4-10
DSB-SC Modulation

Ch4: 4-11
DSB-SC Demodulation
Demodulation Process:
•Multiply the modulated signal by a local carrier cos(ωct).
•Lowpass filter to recover the original message signal.
•Equation:

•Lowpass filter removes the 2ωc component, leaving 1/2m(t).


Ch4: 4-12
DSB-SC Demodulation

Ch4: 4-13
Example 4.1 For a baseband signal m(t) = cos ωmt = cos 2πfmt find the DSB-SC
signal and sketch its spectrum. Identify the upper and lower sidebands (USB
and LSB). Verify that the DSB-SC modulated signal can be demodulated by the
demodulator in Fig. 4.1e

Notes:
• use the scaling property of delta function to find M(ω). Try to proof it!
• You can analyze the demodulation process in the time domain directly.
Check ref. page 193.

Ch4: 4-14
Ch4: 4-15
Amplitude Modulators
•Multiplier Modulators:
• Use analog multipliers to directly multiply m(t) and cos(ωct).
•Nonlinear Modulators:
• Use nonlinear devices (e.g., diodes, transistors) to achieve
modulation.
• Example: Balanced modulators.
•Switching Modulators:
• Replace multiplication with switching operations.
• Example: Diode bridge modulators.
Ch4: 4-16
Nonlinear Modulators

Notes:
•This circuit is called single
balanced w.r.t. carrier as the
o/p does contain the carrier
•If the circuit is balanced w.r.t.
both inputs, it is called double
balanced
Ch4: 4-17
Switching Modulators
•Diode Bridge Modulator:
• Uses diodes to switch the message signal on and off at the carrier
frequency.
• Output:

• Bandpass filter extracts the desired m(t)cos(ωct) component.


•Ring Modulator:
• Double balanced modulator that eliminates both the carrier and
message signal from the output.
• Output:
Ch4: 4-18
Ch4: 4-19
Diode Bridge Modulators

Ch4: 4-20
Ring
Modulators

Ch4: 4-21
Switching Demodulators
•Demodulation Process:
• Similar to modulation but uses a lowpass filter instead of a
bandpass filter.
• Input: DSB-SC signal m(t)cos(ωct).
• Output: Recovered message signal m(t).
•Synchronous Detection:
• Requires a local carrier synchronized with the incoming carrier.

• Note: Review example 4.2 page 198


Ch4: 4-22

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