trigonometry 2 [275 marks]

1. 18M.2.SL.TZ1.S_3

The diagram shows a circle, centre O, with radius 4 cm. Points A and B lie on the circumference
of the circle and AÔB = θ , where 0 ≤ θ ≤ 𝜋.

(a) Find the area of the shaded region, in terms of θ.

[3]

(b) The area of the shaded region is 12 cm2. Find the value of θ.

[3]

2. 18M.2.SL.TZ1.S_6

Triangle ABC has a = 8.1 cm, b = 12.3 cm and area 15 cm2. Find the largest possible perimeter
of triangle ABC.

[7]

3. 18M.2.SL.TZ1.T_1

Farmer Brown has built a new barn, on horizontal ground, on his farm. The barn has a cuboid
base and a triangular prism roof, as shown in the diagram.
The cuboid has a width of 10 m, a length of 16 m and a height of 5 m.
The roof has two sloping faces and two vertical and identical sides, ADE and GLF.
The face DEFL slopes at an angle of 15° to the horizontal and ED = 7 m .

The roof was built using metal supports. Each support is made from five lengths of metal AE,
ED, AD, EM and MN, and the design is shown in the following diagram.
 ED = 7 m , AD = 10 m and angle ADE = 15° .
M is the midpoint of AD.
N is the point on ED such that MN is at right angles to ED.

Farmer Brown believes that N is the midpoint of ED.

(a) Calculate the area of triangle EAD.

[3]

(b) Calculate the total volume of the barn.

[3]

(c) Calculate the length of MN.

[2]

(d) Calculate the length of AE.

[3]

(e) Show that Farmer Brown is incorrect.

[3]

(f) Calculate the total length of metal required for one support.

[4]

4. 18M.2.SL.TZ2.S_2

The following diagram shows quadrilateral ABCD.

 ∧ ∧
AB = 11 cm, BC = 6 cm, BAD = 100∘ , and CBD = 82∘

(a) Find DB.

[3]

(b) Find DC.

[3]

5. 18M.2.SL.TZ2.T_5

The Tower of Pisa is well known worldwide for how it leans.

Giovanni visits the Tower and wants to investigate how much it is leaning. He draws a
diagram showing a non-right triangle, ABC.

On Giovanni’s diagram the length of AB is 56 m, the length of BC is 37 m, and angle ACB is

60°. AX is the perpendicular height from A to BC.
Giovanni’s tourist guidebook says that the actual horizontal displacement of the Tower, BX, is 3.9
metres.

(a) Use Giovanni’s diagram to show that angle ABC, the angle at which the Tower is leaning
relative to the
horizontal, is 85° to the nearest degree.

[5]

(b) Use Giovanni's diagram to calculate the length of AX.

[2]

(c) Use Giovanni's diagram to find the length of BX, the horizontal displacement of the Tower.
 [2]

(d) Find the percentage error on Giovanni’s diagram.

[2]

(e) Giovanni adds a point D to his diagram, such that BD = 45 m, and another triangle is formed.

Find the angle of elevation of A from D.

[3]

6. 18M.2.AHL.TZ1.H_3
𝜋 𝜋
Let 𝑓(𝑥) = tan(𝑥 + 𝜋)cos (𝑥 − 2 ) where 0 < 𝑥 < 2 .

Express 𝑓(𝑥) in terms of sin 𝑥 and cos 𝑥.

 [5]

7. 18M.2.AHL.TZ2.H_4

Consider the following diagram.

The sides of the equilateral triangle ABC have lengths 1 m. The midpoint of [AB] is denoted by P.
The circular arc AB has centre, M, the midpoint of [CP].

(a) Find AM.

[3]
∧
(b) Find AMP in radians.

[2]

(c) Find the area of the shaded region.

[3]

8. 17N.1.SL.TZ0.S_4
𝜋
The following diagram shows triangle ABC, with AB = 3 cm, BC = 8 cm, and 𝐴𝐵̂𝐶 = 3 .
 (a) Show that AC = 7 cm.

[4]

(b) The shape in the following diagram is formed by adding a semicircle with diameter [AC] to
the triangle.

Find the exact perimeter of this shape.

[3]

9. 17N.1.SL.TZ0.T_10

Emily’s kite ABCD is hanging in a tree. The plane ABCDE is vertical.

Emily stands at point E at some distance from the tree, such that EAD is a straight line and
angle BED = 7°. Emily knows BD = 1.2 metres and angle BDA = 53°, as shown in the diagram
 T is a point at the base of the tree. ET is a horizontal line. The angle of elevation of A from E is
41°.

(a) Find the length of EB.

[3]

(b) Write down the angle of elevation of B from E.

[1]

(c) Find the vertical height of B above the ground.

[2]

10. 17N.2.SL.TZ0.S_1

The following diagram shows a triangle ABC.

 AB = 5𝑐𝑚, 𝐶𝐴̂𝐵 = 50° and 𝐴𝐶̂ 𝐵 = 112°

(a) Find BC.

[3]

(b) Find the area of triangle ABC.

[3]

11. 17N.2.SL.TZ0.S_10

Note: In this question, distance is in millimetres.

𝜋
Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 𝑎sin (𝑥 − 2 ) + 𝑎, for 𝑥 ≥ 0.

The graph of 𝑓 passes through the origin. Let P𝑘 be any point on the graph of 𝑓 with 𝑥-
coordinate 2𝑘𝜋, where 𝑘 ∈ ℕ. A straight line 𝐿 passes through all the points P𝑘 .

Diagram 1 shows a saw. The length of the toothed edge is the distance AB.

The toothed edge of the saw can be modelled using the graph of 𝑓 and the line 𝐿. Diagram 2
represents this model.
 The shaded part on the graph is called a tooth. A tooth is represented by the region enclosed by
the graph of 𝑓 and the line 𝐿, between P𝑘 and P𝑘+1 .

(a) Show that 𝑓(2𝜋) = 2𝜋.

[3]

(b) Find the coordinates of P0 and of P1 .

[3]

(c) Find the equation of 𝐿.

[3]

(d) Show that the distance between the 𝑥-coordinates of P𝑘 and P𝑘+1 is 2𝜋.

[2]

(e) A saw has a toothed edge which is 300 mm long. Find the number of complete teeth on this
saw.

[6]

12. 17N.2.SL.TZ0.T_3
 Abdallah owns a plot of land, near the river Nile, in the form of a quadrilateral ABCD.

The lengths of the sides are AB = 40 m, BC = 115 m, CD = 60 m, AD = 84 m and angle 𝐵𝐴̂𝐷 =

90∘ .

This information is shown on the diagram.

The formula that the ancient Egyptians used to estimate the area of a quadrilateral ABCD is
(AB+CD)(AD+BC)
area = .
4

Abdallah uses this formula to estimate the area of his plot of land.

(a) Show that BD = 93 m correct to the nearest metre.

[2]

(b) Calculate angle 𝐵𝐶̂ 𝐷.

[3]

(c) Find the area of ABCD.

[4]

(d) Calculate Abdallah’s estimate for the area.

[2]

(e) Find the percentage error in Abdallah’s estimate.

[2]

13. 17N.2.AHL.TZ0.H_11
 𝜋
Consider the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 2sin2 𝑥 + 7sin2𝑥 + tan𝑥 − 9, 0 ≤ 𝑥 < 2 .

Let 𝑢 = tan𝑥.

(a) Determine an expression for 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) in terms of 𝑥.

[2]
𝜋
(b) Sketch a graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) for 0 ≤ 𝑥 < 2 .

[4]

(c) Find the 𝑥-coordinate(s) of the point(s) of inflexion of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥), labelling these
clearly on the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓 ′ (𝑥).

[2]

(d) Express sin𝑥 in terms of 𝑢.

[2]

(e) Express sin2𝑥 in terms of 𝑢.

[3]

(f) Hence show that 𝑓(𝑥) = 0 can be expressed as 𝑢3 − 7𝑢2 + 15𝑢 − 9 = 0.

[2]

(g) Solve the equation 𝑓(𝑥) = 0, giving your answers in the form arctan𝑘 where 𝑘 ∈ ℤ.

[3]

14. 17N.2.AHL.TZ0.H_3

This diagram shows a metallic pendant made out of four equal sectors of a larger circle of radius
OB = 9 cm and four equal sectors of a smaller circle of radius OA = 3 cm.
The angle BOC = 20°.
 Find the area of the pendant.

[4]

15. 17N.2.AHL.TZ0.H_5

Barry is at the top of a cliff, standing 80 m above sea level, and observes two yachts in the sea.
“Seaview” (𝑆) is at an angle of depression of 25°.
“Nauti Buoy” (𝑁) is at an angle of depression of 35°.
The following three dimensional diagram shows Barry and the two yachts at S and N.
X lies at the foot of the cliff and angle SXN = 70°.
 Find, to 3 significant figures, the distance between the two yachts.

[6]

16. 17M.1.SL.TZ1.S_10

The following table shows the probability distribution of a discrete random variable 𝐴, in terms of
an angle 𝜃.

3
(a) Show that cos𝜃 = 4.

[6]

(b) Given that tan𝜃 > 0, find tan𝜃.

[3]
1 𝜋 𝜋
(c) Let 𝑦 = cos𝑥, for 0 < 𝑥 < 2 . The graph of 𝑦between 𝑥 = 𝜃 and 𝑥 = is rotated 360° about the
4
𝑥-axis. Find the volume of the solid formed.

[6]

17. 17M.1.SL.TZ1.S_3

The following diagram shows triangle PQR.

 Find PR.

[6]

18. 17M.1.SL.TZ1.T_13

A triangular postage stamp, ABC, is shown in the diagram below, such that AB = 5 cm, 𝐵𝐴̂𝐶 =
34∘ , 𝐴𝐵̂𝐶 = 26∘ and 𝐴𝐶̂ 𝐵 = 120∘ .
 (a) Find the length of BC.

[3]

(b) Find the area of the postage stamp.

[3]

19. 17M.1.SL.TZ2.T_3

A lampshade, in the shape of a cone, has a wireframe consisting of a circular ring and four
straight pieces of equal length, attached to the ring at points A, B, C and D.

The ring has its centre at point O and its radius is 20 centimetres. The straight pieces meet at
point V, which is vertically above O, and the angle they make with the base of the lampshade is
60°.

This information is shown in the following diagram.

 (a) Find the length of one of the straight pieces in the wireframe.

[2]

(b) Find the total length of wire needed to construct this wireframe. Give your answer in
centimetres correct to the nearest millimetre.

[4]

20. 17M.1.AHL.TZ1.H_3

Solve the equation sec2 𝑥 + 2tan𝑥 = 0, 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2𝜋.

[5]

21. 17M.2.SL.TZ1.S_5

The following diagram shows the chord [AB] in a circle of radius 8 cm, where AB = 12 cm.
 Find the area of the shaded segment.

[7]

22. 17M.2.SL.TZ1.S_8

At Grande Anse Beach the height of the water in metres is modelled by the function ℎ(𝑡) =
𝑝cos(𝑞 × 𝑡) + 𝑟, where 𝑡 is the number of hours after 21:00 hours on 10 December 2017. The
following diagram shows the graph of ℎ , for 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 72.

The point A(6.25, 0.6) represents the first low tide and B(12.5, 1.5) represents the next high tide.

(a) How much time is there between the first low tide and the next high tide?

[2]
 (b) Find the difference in height between low tide and high tide.

[2]

(c) Find the value of 𝑝;

[2]

(d) Find the value of 𝑞;

[3]

(e) Find the value of 𝑟.

[2]

(f) There are two high tides on 12 December 2017. At what time does the second high tide
occur?

[3]

23. 17M.2.SL.TZ1.T_2

The base of an electric iron can be modelled as a pentagon ABCDE, where:

BCDE is a rectangle with sides of length (𝑥 + 3) cm and (𝑥 + 5) cm;

ABE is an isosceles triangle, with AB = AE and a height of 𝑥 cm;
the area of ABCDE is 222 cm2 .
 Insulation tape is wrapped around the perimeter of the base of the iron, ABCDE.

F is the point on AB such that BF = 8 cm. A heating element in the iron runs in a straight line,
from C to F.

(a) Write down an equation for the area of ABCDE using the above information.

[2]

(b) Show that the equation in part (a)(i) simplifies to 3𝑥 2 + 19𝑥 − 414 = 0.

[2]

(c) Find the length of CD.

[2]

(d) Show that angle 𝐵𝐴̂𝐸 = 67.4∘ , correct to one decimal place.

[3]

(e) Find the length of the perimeter of ABCDE.

[3]

(f) Calculate the length of CF.

[4]

24. 17M.2.SL.TZ2.S_1

The following diagram shows a circle with centre O and radius 40 cm.

The points A, B and C are on the circumference of the circle and 𝐴𝑂̂𝐶 = 1.9 radians.

(a) Find the length of arc ABC.

 [2]

(b) Find the perimeter of sector OABC.

[2]

(c) Find the area of sector OABC.

[2]

25. 17M.2.SL.TZ2.S_4

The depth of water in a port is modelled by the function 𝑑(𝑡) = 𝑝cos𝑞𝑡 + 7.5, for 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 12,
where 𝑡 is the number of hours after high tide.

At high tide, the depth is 9.7 metres.

At low tide, which is 7 hours later, the depth is 5.3 metres.

(a) Find the value of 𝑝.

[2]

(b) Find the value of 𝑞.

[2]

(c) Use the model to find the depth of the water 10 hours after high tide.

[2]

26. 17M.2.SL.TZ2.T_4

The quadrilateral ABCD represents a park, where AB = 120 m, AD = 95 m and DC = 100 m.

Angle DAB is 70° and angle DCB is 110°. This information is shown in the following diagram.

A straight path through the park joins the points B and D.

 A new path, CE, is to be built such that E is the point on BD closest to C.

The section of the park represented by triangle DCE will be used for a charity race. A track will
be marked along the sides of this section.

(a) Find the length of the path BD.

[3]

(b) Show that angle DBC is 48.7°, correct to three significant figures.

[3]

(c) Find the area of the park.

[4]

(d) Find the length of the path CE.

[2]

(e) Calculate the total length of the track.

[3]

27. 17M.2.AHL.TZ2.H_4

(a) Find the set of values of 𝑘 that satisfy the inequality 𝑘 2 − 𝑘 − 12 < 0.

[2]
1
(b) The triangle ABC is shown in the following diagram. Given that cos𝐵 < 4, find the range of
possible values for AB.

[4]
28. 16N.1.SL.TZ0.S_2

√5
Let sin𝜃 = , where 𝜃 is acute.
3

(a) Find cos𝜃.

[3]

(b) Find cos2𝜃.

[2]

29. 16N.1.SL.TZ0.T_11

AC is a vertical communications tower with its base at C.

The tower has an observation deck, D, three quarters of the way to the top of the tower, A.

From a point B, on horizontal ground 250 m from C, the angle of elevation of D is 48°.

(a) Calculate CD, the height of the observation deck above the ground.

[2]

(b) Calculate the angle of depression from A to B.

[4]

30. 16N.2.SL.TZ0.S_10

The following diagram shows the graph of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎sin𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐, for 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 12.
The graph of 𝑓 has a minimum point at (3, 5) and a maximum point at (9, 17).

𝑘
The graph of 𝑔 is obtained from the graph of 𝑓 by a translation of ( ). The maximum point on
0
the graph of 𝑔 has coordinates (11.5, 17).

The graph of 𝑔 changes from concave-up to concave-down when 𝑥 = 𝑤.

(a) (i) Find the value of 𝑐.

𝜋
(ii) Show that 𝑏 = 6 .

(iii) Find the value of 𝑎.

[6]

(b) (i) Write down the value of 𝑘.

(ii) Find 𝑔(𝑥).

[3]

(c) (i) Find 𝑤.

(ii) Hence or otherwise, find the maximum positive rate of change of 𝑔.

[6]
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