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PLCM File

The document is a practical file on PLC and microcontrollers, detailing various experiments and applications related to programmable logic controllers and microcontroller programming. It includes an index of practicals, starting with an introduction to PLC building blocks and ladder programming, and covers topics such as logic operations, timers, counters, and interfacing with microcontrollers. The first experiment focuses on understanding PLC components and implementing a simple ladder logic program to demonstrate AND logic functionality.

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rajivkumargopalganj
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12 views

PLCM File

The document is a practical file on PLC and microcontrollers, detailing various experiments and applications related to programmable logic controllers and microcontroller programming. It includes an index of practicals, starting with an introduction to PLC building blocks and ladder programming, and covers topics such as logic operations, timers, counters, and interfacing with microcontrollers. The first experiment focuses on understanding PLC components and implementing a simple ladder logic program to demonstrate AND logic functionality.

Uploaded by

rajivkumargopalganj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

PRACTICAL FILE

ON
PLC & MICROCONTROLLERS

Submitted To: Submitted By:


Mr. Sunil Saharan, Name:
_________________
Lecturer, Roll No.:
2302909_______
Electrical Engineering Semester: 4th B

📅 Session: 2024-25
(20.01.2025 To 02.05.2025)
📍 Institute Code: 029
Index
S.No. Practical Name Page No.

1 Introduction to PLC Building Blocks and Ladder Programming


1

2 Installation and Programming using OpenPLC


5

3 Logic Operations in PLC using Ladder Language 9

4 Timers and Counters Instructions in PLC using Ladder Language


13

5 Sequence Control
17

6 Use of PLC in Applications

a. Traffic Light System 19

b. Sorting of Objects 21

7 Demonstration and Comparison of Various 8051/8052


Microcontrollers 25

8 Introduction to 8051 Programming using C


29

9 Testing of GPIO on Microcontroller Board using C


33

10 Interfacing of 7-Segment LED with 8051 using C


37

11 Interfacing of 4x3/4x4 Keypad with 8051 using C


41

12 Application Circuits using 8051/8052

a. Car Parking with Counter 43

b. Temperature Controlled Fan


45
Experiment 1
Title: Introduction to PLC Building Blocks and Ladder
Programming
Aim
To understand the basic building blocks of a Programmable Logic
Controller (PLC) and to learn the fundamentals of ladder programming.
Apparatus Required
PLC Trainer Kit
Computer with PLC programming software (LX-Soft)
Connecting wires
Theory
PLC Building Blocks
[Figure PLC Trainer Kit]
[Theory of PLC Construction and Block Diagram]
A PLC consists of the following key components:
CPU (Central Processing Unit): The brain of the PLC that executes control
instructions.
Memory: Stores the program and data. It includes:
RAM (Random Access Memory): Temporary storage for data and programs.
ROM (Read-Only Memory): Permanent storage for the operating system
and firmware.
Input Modules: Receive signals from input devices (e.g., switches, sensors)
and convert them into digital signals for the CPU.
Output Modules: Send signals from the CPU to output devices (e.g.,
motors, LEDs).
Power Supply: Provides power to the PLC and its modules.
Ladder Logic Programming
[PLC Instructions]
Ladder logic is a graphical programming language used to program PLCs.
It mimics the electrical relay logic used in traditional control systems.
Basic symbols used in ladder logic include:
Normally Open (NO) Contact: Represents a switch or input condition.
Normally Closed (NC) Contact: Represents an inverted input condition.
Coil: Represents an output device (e.g., motor, LED).
Sample Program
[PLC Program for 1 LED and 1 Toggle Switch]

Circuit Diagram
[Trainer Kit with Connection]
Ladder Program
[PLC Program]
Below is a simple ladder logic diagram for AND logic:
Input 1 and Input 2 are normally open (NO) contacts.

The Output Coil will energize only if both Input 1 and Input 2 are active
(AND logic).

Procedure
Hardware Setup
Connect the PLC trainer kit to the computer using a programming cable.
Connect input devices (e.g., switches) to the input modules and output
devices (e.g., LEDs) to the output modules.
Ensure the power supply is connected and the PLC is powered on.
Software Setup:
Open the PLC programming software (e.g., OpenPLC).
Create a new project and select the appropriate PLC model.
Write the Ladder Program:
Drag and drop the required ladder logic symbols (e.g., NO contacts, coils)
onto the programming workspace.
Create a simple AND logic program as shown in the circuit diagram.
Download the Program:
Compile the program and download it to the PLC.
Test the Program:
Toggle the input switches and observe the output LED.
Verify that the output LED turns on only when both input switches are
active.
Observations
Input Output
OFF OFF
ON ON
Results
The ladder logic program successfully implements AND logic. The output
is activated only when both inputs are active, as expected.

Conclusion
This experiment introduced the basic building blocks of a PLC and
demonstrated the use of ladder logic programming. The AND logic
program was successfully implemented and tested, confirming the
functionality of the PLC. This foundational knowledge is essential for
understanding more complex PLC applications in industrial automation.

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