Vidya Pratishthan’s

Kamalnayan Bajaj Institute of Engineering and Technology, Baramati

Department of First Year Engineering
Semester: II (2022-23)
Mid-Sem Test (SET A)
Subject: Engineering Mathematics–II Max. Marks: 30
Date: 15 May 2023 Time: 5 pm to 6 pm

𝑑𝑦 4𝑥 3 𝑦 2 +𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑦
Q.1(a): Solve 𝑑𝑥 = − .
2𝑥 4 𝑦+𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑦

𝑑𝑦 4𝑥 3 𝑦 2 +𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑦
Solution: 𝑑𝑥 = − 2𝑥 4 𝑦+𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑦

∴ (4𝑥 3 𝑦 2 + 𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + (2𝑥 4 𝑦 + 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 0

The D.E. is of the form 𝑀𝑑𝑥 + 𝑁𝑑𝑦 = 0,
where 𝑀 = 4𝑥 3 𝑦 2 + 𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑦 and 𝑁 = 2𝑥 4 𝑦 + 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑦
𝜕𝑀 𝜕𝑁
∴ = 8𝑥 3 𝑦 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑦 and 𝜕𝑥 = 8𝑥 3 𝑦 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑦
𝜕𝑦
𝜕𝑀 𝜕𝑁
As = , the D.E. 𝑀𝑑𝑥 + 𝑁𝑑𝑦 = 0 is exact.
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥

The general solution is given by

∫𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑀 𝑑𝑥 + ∫(𝑇𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑁 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑥)𝑑𝑦 = 𝑐

∴ ∫𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡(4𝑥 3 𝑦 2 + 𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑦) 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 0𝑑𝑦 = 𝑐

∴ 𝑥 4 𝑦 2 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑦 = 𝑐

Q.1(b): Solve (1 + 𝑥𝑦)𝑦𝑑𝑥 + (1 − 𝑥𝑦)𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 0.

Solution: The D.E. is of the form 𝑀𝑑𝑥 + 𝑁𝑑𝑦 = 0,
where 𝑀 = 𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦 2 and 𝑁 = 𝑥 − 𝑥 2 𝑦
The D.E. can be expressed in the form 𝑦𝑓1 (𝑥𝑦) + 𝑐𝑓2 (𝑥𝑦) = 0.
1 1 1 1
So, 𝐼. 𝐹. = 𝑥𝑀−𝑦𝑁 . = 𝑥(𝑦+𝑥𝑦 2 )−𝑦(𝑥−𝑥 2 𝑦) = (𝑥𝑦+𝑥 2 𝑦 2 )−(𝑥𝑦−𝑥 2 𝑦2 ) = 2𝑥 2 𝑦 2

Divide the given D.E. by 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 ,

1 1 1 1
∴ (𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥𝑦 2 − 𝑦) 𝑑𝑦 = 0

This is an is exact D.E. and the general solution is given by

1 1 1
∫𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 (𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ (− 𝑦) 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑐
1
∴ − 𝑥𝑦 + log𝑥 − log𝑦 = c
1 𝑥
∴− + log ( ) = c
𝑥𝑦 𝑦

Page 1 of 7
Q.1(c): Solve (𝑥 4 𝑒 𝑥 − 2𝑚𝑥𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑚𝑥 2 𝑦𝑑𝑦 = 0.
Solution: The D.E. is of the form 𝑀𝑑𝑥 + 𝑁𝑑𝑦 = 0,
where 𝑀 = 𝑥 4 𝑒 𝑥 − 2𝑚𝑥𝑦 2 and 𝑁 = 2𝑚𝑥 2 𝑦
𝜕𝑀 𝜕𝑁
∴ = −4𝑚𝑥𝑦 and 𝜕𝑥 = 4𝑚𝑥𝑦
𝜕𝑦
𝜕𝑀 𝜕𝑁
− −4𝑚𝑥𝑦−4𝑚𝑥𝑦 −8𝑚𝑥𝑦 −4
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥
Also, = = = = 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑁 2𝑚𝑥 2 𝑦 2𝑚𝑥 2 𝑦 𝑥
−4
−4 ) 1
∴ 𝐼. 𝐹. = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 ∫( 𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 −4logx = 𝑒 log(𝑥 = 𝑥 −4 = 𝑥 4

Multiply the given D.E. by 𝐼. 𝐹,

2𝑚𝑦 2 2𝑚𝑦
∴ (𝑒 𝑥 − ) 𝑑𝑥 + ( ) 𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑥3 𝑥2

This is an is exact D.E. and the general solution is given by

2𝑚𝑦 2
∫𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 (𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑥3
) 𝑑𝑥 + ∫(0)𝑑𝑦 = 𝑐
𝑚𝑦 2
∴ 𝑒𝑥 + =c
𝑥2

𝑑𝑦 1
Q.1(d): Solve (𝑥 2 + 1) (𝑑𝑥 ) + 4𝑥𝑦 = (𝑥 2 +1)2.
𝑑𝑦 1
Solution: The D.E. is (𝑥 2 + 1) (𝑑𝑥 ) + 4𝑥𝑦 = (𝑥 2 +1)2 .
𝑑𝑦 4𝑥 1
∴ 𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 2 +1) 𝑦 = (𝑥 2 +1)3
𝑑𝑦 4𝑥 1
The D.E. is of the form 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑃𝑦 = Q, where 𝑃 = 𝑥 2 +1 and 𝑄 = (𝑥 2 +1)3

This is a linear D.E. in 𝑦.

4𝑥
𝑑𝑥 2 +1) 2 +1)2
∴ 𝐼. 𝐹. = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑃𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 ∫𝑥2+1 = 𝑒 2𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑥 = (𝑥 2 + 1)2
The general solution is given by 𝑦. (𝐼. 𝐹. ) = ∫ Q. (𝐼. 𝐹. )𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐
1
∴ 𝑦. (𝑥 2 + 1)2 = ∫(𝑥 2 + 1)2 (𝑥 2 +1)3 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐
1
∴ 𝑦. (𝑥 2 + 1)2 = ∫ 𝑥 2 +1 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐

∴ 𝑦. (𝑥 2 + 1)2 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 + 𝑐

𝑑𝑦
Q.1(e): Solve 𝑑𝑥 + (𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥)(𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦) = (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)(𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑦).
𝑑𝑦
Solution: The given D.E. is 𝑑𝑥 + (𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥)(𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦) = (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)(𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑦).

Multiply the given D.E. by 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦,

𝑑𝑦
∴ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + (𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥)(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑦
Put 𝑢 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦, ∴ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
So, the D.E. becomes 𝑑𝑥 + u. (𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
Page 2 of 7
 𝑑𝑢
The D.E. is of the form 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑃𝑢 = Q, where 𝑃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 and 𝑄 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥

This is a linear D.E. in𝑢.

∴ 𝐼. 𝐹. = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑃𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥) = 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥
The general solution is given by 𝑢. (𝐼. 𝐹. ) = ∫ Q. (𝐼. 𝐹. )𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐
∴ 𝑢. 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 = ∫(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)(𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐
∴ (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦). 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐
∴ (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦). 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 = 𝑥 + 𝑐

Q.2(a): Find the orthogonal trajectories of 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑐.

Solution: Consider the given equation 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑐 … (1)
Differentiate the equation w. r. t. 𝑥,
𝑑𝑦
∴ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦 = 0 … (2) Here constant 𝑐 eliminated automatically.

This is the D.E. corresponding to the given family.

𝑑𝑦 −𝑑𝑥
Replace 𝑏𝑦 to get the D.E. corresponding to the orthogonal trajectories.
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥
∴ 𝑥 (− 𝑑𝑦) + 𝑦 = 0
𝑑𝑥
∴ 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑑𝑦

∴ 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑦𝑑𝑦 This is a Variable Separable Form in 𝑥 and 𝑦. Integrating, we get,

𝑥2 𝑦2
= + 𝑘′
2 2

∴ 𝑥2 − 𝑦2 = 𝑘

Q.2(b): Find the orthogonal trajectories of 𝑟 2 = 𝑎2 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃.

Solution: Consider the given equation 𝑟 2 = 𝑎2 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃 … (1)
Differentiate the equation w. r. t. 𝜃,
𝑑𝑟
∴ 2𝑟 = 𝑎2 (− sin 2𝜃)(2)
𝑑𝜃
𝑑𝑟
∴ 𝑟 𝑑𝜃 = 𝑎2 (− sin 2𝜃)

Eliminate the constant using Equation (1),

𝑑𝑟 𝑟2
∴ 𝑟 𝑑𝜃 = (𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃) (− sin 2𝜃)
𝑑𝑟
∴ 𝑑𝜃 = −𝑟(tan 2𝜃)

This is the D.E. corresponding to the given family.

𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝜃
Replace 𝑑𝜃 𝑏𝑦 − 𝑟 2 𝑑𝑟 to get the D.E. corresponding to the orthogonal trajectories.
𝑑𝜃
∴ −𝑟 2 𝑑𝑟 = −𝑟(tan 2𝜃)

Page 3 of 7
 𝑑𝜃
∴ 𝑟 𝑑𝑟 = tan 2𝜃
𝑑𝑟
∴ cot 2𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = This is a Variable Separable Form in 𝑟 and 𝜃. Integrating, we get,
𝑟
1
𝑙𝑜𝑔(sin 2𝜃) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑟 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑐′
2

∴ 𝑙𝑜𝑔(sin 2𝜃) = 2𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑟 + 2𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑐′

∴ sin 2𝜃 = (𝑐′)2 𝑟 2
∴ 𝑟 2 = 𝑐 2 sin 2𝜃

Q.3: A body originally at 800 c cools down to 600 c in 20 minutes, the temperature of the air
being 400 c. What will be the temperature of the body after 40 minutes from original?
Solution: Let 𝜃0 = 40℃ is the temperature of surroundings (air)
Let 𝜃 = 80℃ is the temperature of body at time 𝑡 = 0
and 𝜃 = 60℃ is the temperature of body at time 𝑡 = 20 𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑑𝜃
By Newton’s Law of Cooling, 𝑑𝑡 = −𝑘(𝜃 − 𝜃0 )
𝑑𝜃
∴ = −𝑘𝑑𝑡 … (1)
(𝜃 − 40)
First find 𝑘, by integrating eq (1) with limits 𝑡 = 0 to 𝑡 = 20 and 𝜃 = 80℃ to 𝜃 = 60℃.
60 20
𝑑𝜃
∴∫ = −𝑘 ∫ 𝑑𝑡
80 (𝜃 − 40) 0

∴ [𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝜃 − 40)]60 20
80 = −𝑘[𝑡]0

∴ 𝑙𝑜𝑔(60 − 40) − 𝑙𝑜𝑔(80 − 40) = −𝑘(20 − 0)

∴ 𝑙𝑜𝑔 20 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔 40 = −20𝑘
20
∴ 𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( ) = −20𝑘
40
1 1
⇒ 𝑘 = − 𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( ) … (2)
20 2
Now find the temperature of the body after 40 minutes.
Integrate equation (1) with limits 𝑡 = 0 to 𝑡 = 40 and 𝜃 = 80 to 𝜃 = 𝜃
𝜃 40
𝑑𝜃
∴∫ = −𝑘 ∫ 𝑑𝑡
80 (𝜃 − 40) 0

∴ [𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝜃 − 40)]𝜃80 = −𝑘[𝑡]40

0

∴ 𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝜃 − 40) − 𝑙𝑜𝑔(80 − 20) = −𝑘(40 − 0)

∴ 𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝜃 − 40) − 𝑙𝑜𝑔 40 = −40𝑘 put value of 𝑘
𝜃−40 1 1
∴ 𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( ) = −40 [− 20 𝑙𝑜𝑔 (2)] …from eq. (2)
40

𝜃 − 40 1
∴ 𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( ) = 2 [𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( )]
40 2

Page 4 of 7
 𝜃 − 40 1 2
∴ 𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( ) = log ( )
40 2
𝜃 − 40 1 2
∴( )=( )
40 2
𝜃 − 40 1
∴( )=
40 4
∴ (𝜃 − 40) = 10
∴ θ = 50℃.

Q.4 (a): A voltage 𝐸𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 is applied at t=0 to a circuit containing inductance L and resistance
−𝑅𝑡
𝐸
R. Show that the current at any time t is 𝑅−𝑎𝐿 (𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 − 𝑒 𝐿 ).

Solution: By Kirchhoff’s law,

𝑑𝑖
𝐿 + 𝑅𝑖 = 𝐸𝑒 −𝑎𝑡
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑖 𝑅 𝐸
⇒ + 𝑖 = 𝑒 −𝑎𝑡
𝑑𝑡 𝐿 𝐿
This is linear differential equation.
𝑅 𝐸
Here 𝑃 = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑄 = 𝐿 𝑒 −𝑎𝑡
𝐿
𝑅 𝑅
∴ 𝐼. 𝐹. = 𝑒 ∫ 𝐿 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑒 𝐿 𝑡
The general solution is

𝑖. (𝐼. 𝐹. ) = ∫ 𝑄(𝐼. 𝐹. )𝑑𝑡 + 𝐶

𝑅 𝐸 −𝑎𝑡 𝑅𝑡
∴ 𝑖. 𝑒 𝐿 𝑡 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑒 𝐿 𝑑𝑡 + 𝐶
𝐿
𝑅 𝐸 −𝑎𝑡+𝑅𝑡
∴ 𝑖. 𝑒 𝐿 𝑡 = ∫ 𝑒 𝐿 𝑑𝑡 + 𝐶
𝐿
𝑅
𝑅 𝐸 𝑒 −𝑎𝑡+ 𝐿 𝑡
∴ 𝑖. 𝑒 𝐿 𝑡 = +𝐶
𝐿 −𝑎 + 𝑅
𝐿
𝑅 𝑅
𝑅 𝐸𝑒 −𝑎𝑡+ 𝐿 𝑡 𝐸𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 𝑒 𝐿 𝑡
∴ 𝑖. 𝑒 𝐿 𝑡 = +𝐶 = +𝐶
(−𝑎𝐿 + 𝑅) (𝑅 − 𝑎𝐿)
𝑅
Divide throughout by 𝑒 𝐿 𝑡 , we get,
𝐸𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 𝑅
∴𝑖= + 𝐶𝑒 − 𝐿 𝑡 … (1)
(𝑅 − 𝑎𝐿)
Find constant 𝑐 by putting Initial current 𝑖 = 0 and 𝑡 = 0
𝐸𝑒 −0
∴0= + 𝐶𝑒 −0
(−𝑎𝐿 + 𝑅)

Page 5 of 7
 𝐸
∴ 𝐶 = − (𝑅−𝑎𝐿) Put in equation (1)

𝐸𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 𝐸 𝑅
∴𝑖= − 𝑒−𝐿 𝑡
(𝑅 − 𝑎𝐿) (𝑅 − 𝑎𝐿)
𝐸 𝑅
∴𝑖= (𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 − 𝑒 − 𝐿 𝑡 ).
(𝑅 − 𝑎𝐿)

Q.4 (b): An emf 200 𝑒 −5𝑡 is applied to a series electric circuit consisting of 20Ω resistance
and 0.01F capacitor. Find the charge and current at any time t, assuming that there is no
initial charge on capacitor.
Solution: Given that 𝐸 = 200 𝑒 −5𝑡 , 𝑅 = 20Ω , 𝐶 = 0.01𝐹
By Kirchhoff’s law,
𝑞
𝑅𝑖 + = 𝐸
𝐶
𝑑𝑞 𝑞
⇒ 𝑅 + = 𝐸
𝑑𝑡 𝐶
Divide throughout by 𝑅,we get,
𝑑𝑞 𝑞 𝐸
⇒ + =
𝑑𝑡 𝑅𝐶 𝑅
𝑑𝑞 𝑞 200 𝑒 −5𝑡
⇒ + =
𝑑𝑡 20 × 0.01 20
𝑑𝑞
⇒ + 5𝑞 = 10𝑒 −5𝑡
𝑑𝑡
This is linear differential equation.
Here 𝑃 = 5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑄 = 10𝑒 −5𝑡
∴ 𝐼. 𝐹. = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑃 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑒 ∫ 5𝑑𝑡 = 𝑒 5𝑡
The general solution is

∴ 𝑞. (𝐼. 𝐹. ) = ∫ 𝑄(𝐼. 𝐹. )𝑑𝑡 + 𝑐

∴ 𝑞. 𝑒 5𝑡 = ∫ 10𝑒 −5𝑡 . 𝑒 5𝑡 𝑑𝑡 + 𝑐

∴ 𝑞. 𝑒 5𝑡 = 10 ∫ 𝑑𝑡 + 𝑐

∴ 𝑞. 𝑒 5𝑡 = 10𝑡 + 𝑐 … (1)
Initially 𝑞 = 0 when 𝑡 = 0 , equation (1) becomes,
∴0= 0+𝑐
∴𝑐=0 Put 𝑐 = 0 in eq (1)
∴ 𝑞. 𝑒 5𝑡 = 10𝑡
∴ 𝑞 = 10𝑡𝑒 −5𝑡 … (2)
Differentiate w. r. t. 𝑡,
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 𝑑𝑞
∴ = 10[𝑡(−5𝑒 −5𝑡 ) + 𝑒 −5𝑡 ]
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑞
∴ = 10 [1 − 5𝑡]𝑒 −5𝑡
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑞
𝐵𝑢𝑡 𝑖 =
𝑑𝑡
∴ 𝑖 = 10 [1 − 5𝑡]𝑒 −5𝑡 .

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