works females males

wahsing 50 14
cooking 60 15
gardening 10 20
Children caring 45 15
Car cleaning 3 12
Teaching children 23 10
cleaning 15 5
repairing 3 12
total 218 93

The table shows the differences in the quantity of housework between males and
females in the United Kingdom in 2002. The first thing to note is that females spent
218 hours for housework per month compared to 93 hours for males, which means
that females worked 2.5 times longer than males in order to make a comfortable
home.

The most significant difference is that women spent much more time cooking and
cleaning with figures of 60 and 50 respectively, whereas men spent many hours for
heavy work such as gardening and repairs with figures of 20 and 12 respectively.
Close behind this, wives took care of children for 45 hours and taught children for 23
hours in comparison with the 15 hours and 10 hours men took for these activities.

Overall, it can be seen from the table that women tended to work a greater amount
of hours than men. This is because many people thought that women are
responsible for housework, and they are expected to work inside the home in spite
of having professional jobs.
Ex 1)
The bar chart illustrates the different modes of transport used to travel to
and from work in one European city. The horizontal axis represents the years
of 1950, 1970 and 1990. The vertical axis represents the percentage of total
travellers.

In 1950, about 35% of people want to work on foot. Very closely following
that, the number of bike travellers was 30% in comparison with the number
of car travellers at 5%. However, in 1970, the bus became a more popular
mode of public transport. As a result, the number of travellers by bus was
the highest at that time, with a figure which was almost 30%. Moerover, the
number of car travellers increased dramatically from just over 5% in 1950 to
over 30% in 1970 due to the popularity of cars (and a period of stable
economy and prosperity for more people). By 1990, the number of car
travellers led the graph with the highest percentage of 35.

To sum up, over the period, while the number of car travellers increased
dramatically, the number of walking travellers decreased steeply. Nowadays,
the car has become the most important public transport to and from work.
Ex2)

The bar chart illustrates the quantity of leisure time enjoyed by both sexes of
different employment status between 1991 and 1992. It can be seen from the chart
that whereas males employed full time spend almost 80 hours on their leisure,
women spend about 78 hours on that. Very closely following that figure, we can see
that the number of hours of leisure time for retired people is almost identical and
very close for both sexes. Another significant point is that females employed part
time could have exactly 40 hours leisure time, which is more that employed full
time females 38 hours. (Be careful here John, is this fact so interesting? Of course
part time workers would be expected to have more leisure time than full time
workers, yes?) Furthermore, males at home spend almost 58 hours on their leisure
more than employed full time males.

Overall, males can spend more time on their leisure than females. This is because
females have to do housework instead of enjoying the leisure for them in their rest
time.

(Again this is not so interesting. What is interesting here, is that these stay-at-home
men come under the category of housewives (or househusbands) in other
words they have chosen to stay home while their wife works(probably because
she can earn more money) and should be doing all the tasks of the home. The
fact that they have leisure time, when the women who undertake the same task
do not, shows that men may do housework when the wife is out, but when the
wife returns she is expected to continue that work and the man can rest.
However, if the wife is at home, she is expected to do the work when the man
is out AND when he returns home and therefore has no leisure time at all. This
could also explain why employed women have less leisure time too - because
they work all day in the office, and then work all evening and weekend in the
home - really the worst of two worlds. Obviously as a woman, I find this
situation remarkably unfair and complex, but even if you think this is entirely
fair and a woman's place, you must analyse the graph for what is truly
interesting and significant and not 'state the obvious'. Can you see?)
The diagram shows the process of making pencil. Pencils have two parts. The leads
are made of graphite and the cases are made of wood. There are 2 processes that
run simultaneously.

Firstly, after the graphite is extracted from ground graphite, it is formed into
graphite rods by a forming press. Afterwards, the graphite rods have to be cut to an
exact size, then, these have to be dried and heated at the heat of 800℃. Later,
these will be put into the pencil.

Secondly, the wood is cut and is made into a wooden slat with grooves. At this
stage, the lead can be put into the grooves. The two pieces of wooden slats are
glued, then, they are made into a sandwich of slats.

Finally, this sandwich of slats is cut into pencils and these are smoothed by a
shaping machine. As a result of this process, many pencils are made. Eventually,
the pencils can be delivered to students to study.
 This bar chart shows the amount of money per week spent on fast foods in Britain.
The horizontal axis represents three parts divided by income groups. The vertical
axis represents the number of pence per person per week. It is clear that the most
favorite food of the high income group was hamburgers and each person spent
more than 40 pence on the consumption of hamburgers per week. However, in low
income groups the most consumptive food was fish and chips and the group which
consumes hamburgers most was average group.
The graph shows the trends in consumption of fast foods. The horizontal

axis shows the year between 1970 and 1990 and the vertical axis, in

grammes. In 1970, amount of ‘fish and chips’ exceeded consumed just over

300 grammes. It reduced gradually until 1985 and then after 1985, it

increased slightly. However, the consumption of hamburgers increased

dramatically, especially after 1980 and it exceeded over 500 grammes by

1990. The consumption of pizza increased slightly until 1985, and then rose

suddenly and in 1988, exceeded the consumption of fish and chips.

It would seem that peoples’ choice of food has changed dramatically

since 1980. It is expected that the consumption of hamburgers will continue

to rise.
 This line chart shows how John's weight (kg) varied from 1991 to 1995. The

horizontal axis shows the year and its divisions. The vertical axis shows the

weight in kilograms.

John's weight increased suddenly by 2kg from 1991 to 1992. This increase

continued into 1993 with an addition of another 4kg. After this time, John's

weight reached a plateau until, in 1994-1995, he lost 1kg.

The amount of weight increased significantly as much as 6kg from 1991 to

1993, but there was a slight reduction of 1kg from 1994 to 1995.

Nevertheless, John's weight in 1995 was heavier by 5kg than his weight in

1991.

John seems to have relaxed his attention between 1991 and 1993, but it

would seem that he had controlled his weight since 1993. His effort to reduce

his weight also seems to have continued during 1994. If John had exercised

daily between 1991 and 1993, he would not have reached a weight of 6kg.
 This line graph shows the average value of a pickup truck versus the

mileage on the truck. The horizontal axis shows the mileage and its divisions.

The vertical axis shows the truck's value.

 This bar chart shows the amount of money per week spent on fast foods

in Britain. The horizontal axis shows three parts are divided by income

groups. The vertical axis shows the number of pence per person per week. It

is clear that the most favorite food of high income group was hamburgers

and each person spent more than 40 pence on the consumption of

hamburgers per week. However, in low income groups the most

consumptive food was fish and chips and the group which consumes

hamburgers most was average group.

The graph shows the trends in consumption of fast foods. The horizontal

axis shows the year between 1970 and 1990 and the vertical axis,

grammes. In 1970 the number of consumption of ‘fish and chips’ exceeded

just over 300 and reduced gradually until 1985 and since 1985 increased

slightly. However, the consumption of hamburgers increased dramatically

and exceeded over 500 grammes in 1990. The consumption of pizza

increased minimally until 1985, after then rose suddenly and in 1988 after

all, exceeded the consumption of fish and chips.

It would seem that peoples’ choice of food has changed dramatically

since 1980. The consumption of hamburgers will be risen continually.

 This diagram shows the movement of water in a continuous cycle. The

heat of the sun causes water to evaporate from seas, rivers and lakes. In

addition, water vapour is released from the soil and from plants. As the

water vapour then rises into the atmosphere, it cools and condenses into

clouds. The clouds are blown by winds until they reach high ground. At this

stage, the water droplets fall back to earth as rain, hail or snow. After rain

has fallen on land, it either evaporates into the air or it is absorbed by soils

and plants. Some of it also run into rivers and lakes and eventually reaches

the sea.
 Over the period 1971 to 1997 as a whole, there was a steady decrease in

the consumption of butter and margarine and a dramatic increase in the

consumption of low-fat spreads. Butter was the most popular fat at the

beginning of the period, and its consumption reached a peak of about 150

grams per person per week in about 1975. Since then, there has been a

slight decrease in 1981, the consumption of margarine exceeded that of

butter for the first time, but since 1987 there has been a decline in the

consumption of margarine, which seems set to continue. Low-fat spreads

were introduced since 1984, and there has been a dramatic increase in their

consumption since then, so that by about 1994 they were more popular

than either butter or margarine.

 This diagram shows how to collect the information on the weather and

how it is broadcast. The Australian Bureau of Meteorology selects current

information from satellite, radar and drifting buoy. The satellite sends

satellite photo taken of the changing of the pressure in the sky, the radar

shows information about the direction and strength of the wind on the

screen and the drifting buoy send the information of the wave of the sea,

which can be shown on the synoptic chart, to the main computer system in

the Bureau of meteorology. The computer can classify and make chart and

graph the information. These should be broadcast on TV and radio, and also

can respond to asker by telephone. As a result of this process, we can get

some useful weather information for our normal and leisure life.
This diagram shows how plastic is produced and broken down in a

continuous cycle. Cereal crops are harvested from fields in order to be used

as material for plastic bottles. Cereal crops become glucose by grinding

them in a machine. Then, the glucose is put into a bacterial fermentation

chamber in order to be made into PHB polymer, which becomes plastic

bottles for products such as shampoos and detergents by going through

another machine. In this process, carbon dioxide could be made and rises

into atmosphere, which can pollute the air.

Many plastic bottles used can be recycled, however, oxidation products are

burned and then are buried under the ground. In this process, carbon

dioxide can also be released very slowly into the atmosphere. Then, carbon

dioxide fall back to earth with rain, hail or snow. After this has fallen on land,

it is absorbed by cereal crops, which seems set to continue.

 This diagram shows how acid rain is formed. Initially, heavy industry emits

pollutions such as sulphur and nitrogen into the atmosphere. Theses

pollutions are then carried by the wind and deposited far away as acid rain.

Eventually, this kills vegetation and poisons water resources.

Level out – 한계에 달하다. 더 이상 변동 가능성이 없는

a steady downward trend

a corresponding increase in activity X

These four diagrams illustrate how camera has developed since invention of the
camera.

Firstly, the first camera of Dagurerrotype was invented in 1839. It was made of
wood and brass. It was divided into 2 parts: a box and a lens. The size was 36CM in
length.

Secondly, Kodak No.1 was introduced in 1888, which was made of metal. It was
16CM long , which was half the size of Daguerrotype. In 1925, Leical was
manufactured, which was made of metal and in 14CM in length. It was divided into
2 parts: a case and a lense. At this stage, the camera became more prevalent to
civilians.

Finally, digital cameras have prevailed since 2000. It consists of a case, a LCD
screen, a Zoom lens and internet connection. It was 8CM in length which was half
the size of Kodak No. 1.

Overall, since 1839, function an shape of camera have developed continuously.

Although, the common shape of more cameras is rectangular, the size has become
smaller and sophisticated.