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IoT Based SPO2 and Temperature Monitoring Using Arduino Mega and GSM

Conference Paper · March 2022

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Poornima University, Jaipur, Rajasthan (India) www.poornima.edu.in
3rd International Online Conference on Emerging Trends in Multi-Disciplinary Research “ETMDR-2022” Jan. 20-22, 2022
ISBN: 978-93-5593-524-3

IoT Based SPO2 and Temperature Monitoring

Using Arduino Mega and GSM
1Surasura
Lokesh, 2Shashidhar B.Patil, 3Ayesha M Sattikar
1,2,3
Dept. of Computer Applications(MCA)
BLDEA’s V.P.Dr.P.G. Halakatti College of Engineering and Technology, Vijayapur,
Karnataka, India
1
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract: Health is an important asset compared to upon the health and activity of an individual. If the
wealth. If health is good he can earn whatever he wants. person is having a constant heart rate of over 100
In the present scenario, lots of people are suffering beats per minute, then we say a person has a higher
from heart-related diseases. People from middle age to heart rate which is a reason for a heart attack or
higher age and even children are suffering from heart- failure to occur.
related diseases. They have to visit the hospital
regularly for their health check-up. Due to the COVID- As per the standards seen, we have set the pulse
19 pandemic situation, most of the patients are not able rate range of 100 as the maximum. If the patient
to visit the hospitals for BP checkups, etc. Because of
checks their pulse rate, Spo2 through the kit
COVID-19 most of the hospitals are giving treatment to
COVID patients. Hospitals are not having beds for non-
irrespective of location and the patient’s pulse rate is
covid patients. So, to provide some solution to the heart above 100 for a considerable amount of time then the
patients that they can monitor heart pulse rate, the kit automatically has to trigger an alert message to the
temperature in the home and this information can be doctor. So, that doctor can easily provide
seen by doctors. No need to visit the hospital, the precautionary measures and treatment before the
patient can be monitored from his home through the patient’s situation worsens.
IoT technology. These days lots of applications are
designed using wearable devices and connecting During the current situation of the Covid19
through IoT, similarly, we can use this technology for pandemic, a Heart attack is the most important
monitoring the pulse rate and temperature of the disease which has to be treated with an emergency.
patient, then we can store this information in the cloud. But we are failing to save many people’s lives
We are proposing to have the portable kit which can be because of the lack of medical facilities in many
used anywhere where we have mobile connectivity developing countries. We suggest that the system will
using the Arduino board, GSM module, Temperature be detecting heart attacks by monitoring the heart rate
sensor, and the oximeter sensor provided with a user- and oxygen levels based on IoT. Using the
friendly display with LCD, to display the status of the technologies available it is easy to find patient heart
kit. rate even at home. However, in case of emergency,
they do not have the option of alerting the concerned
Keywords: IoT, Arduino Mega, GSM, Oximeter, Heart
Monitoring, BPM, Pulse rate, SpO2
medical authorities. Through the pulse oximeter
sensor and Temperature monitoring kit, if any health
I. INTRODUCTION issues occur, then an alert message to the family
physician is sent automatically. It is best
Health is one of the global challenges for advantageous to both patient and the Physician. The
humanity. These days number of people are losing lives of many heart attack patients can be monitored
their life due to heart and respiration-related diseases. and reduce the chances of heart attack through the
Angina, also known as angina pectoris, is chest pain pulse oximeter sensor.
or pressure, usually due to insufficient blood flow to
the heart muscle. II. EXISTING SYSTEM WITH DRAWBACKS

Angina is usually due to obstruction or spasm of There are various brands of oximeters available in
the arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle. the market to check the Heart BPM and SpO2. The
Other causes include anemia, abnormal heart patient requires minimum knowledge to operate the
rhythms, and heart failure. Angina can occur when oximeter. The current oximeters available do not have
the blockage is happened the circulation of blood the facility of communication and storage of the data
completely blocked to the heart [1]. The blockage is for some time. The data to be analyzed is not
occurred because of unhealthy fatness, large available to the physician. He has to rely only on the
cholesterol, and different substances, etc. reasons for current data and only if the patient physically reports
heart attack: burden, tightness, Indigestion, heartburn, him.
abdominal pain, breathing problem, etc.

The heartbeat range is from 60 to 100 BPM for

adults and 70 to 100BPM for children [2]. It depends

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Poornima University, Jaipur, Rajasthan (India) www.poornima.edu.in
3rd International Online Conference on Emerging Trends in Multi-Disciplinary Research “ETMDR-2022” Jan. 20-22, 2022
ISBN: 978-93-5593-524-3

III. PROPOSED SYSTEM ESP8266 Serial Port To Wi-Fi Module

The proposed idea is to overcome the existing ESP 8266 Serial port is used
drawbacks mentioned above. We are using the to connect to the Arduino to
Oximeter and Temperature monitoring sensors which provide internet connectivity
send the data to the cloud. The cloud database is to the Arduino module. It is
always safe and available for diagnosis and based on SOC based
prevention, as historical data. Hence a simple integrated TCP/IP protocol
mechanism was proposed to avoid misplacement of Fig: 4 stack.
historical data and alerts to be given during an
Arduino USB cable
emergency.
Arduino Universal serial bus
We are using a pulse oximeter sensor, temperature
(USB) is used to interface
sensor, Arduino Mega board, GSM module, wifi
the peripheral devices to the
module, breadboard, LCD Screen. After setting a
microcontroller Arduino
connection to the system, the sensor will start
with laptops, desktops,
monitoring pulse rate, Spo2, and temperature readings
which work as the
and display all the information of the person on the
transmission medium of data
LCD screen. Its captures all data using an Arduino
Fig: 5 among the devices.
Mega and sends it to an IoT cloud platform via a wifi
module, allowing the patient’s health status to be kept
on the cloud. Also, the use of the GSM module can
help to transfer data to the internet. The system allows Temperature Sensor LM35
us to give a range of points that can help to determine The temperature sensor is
whether a person is normal or not by checking his/her used to measure the patient’s
heartbeats. body temperature.
IV. HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE
REQUIREMENTS
A. Hardware Requirements Fig: 6
GSM/GPRS Module -800C
Arduino Mega 2560
GSM/GPRS SIM800C
The Arduino MEGA 2560 is
Modem-RS232 is built with
designed for projects that
Quad-Band GSM GPRS
require more I/O lines, more
engine-SIM800C, works on
sketch memory, and more
frequencies
RAM. With 54 digital I/O
850/900/1800/1900MHz.
pins, 16 analog inputs, and a
This Modem comes with an
Fig: 1 larger space for your sketch. it Fig: 7 RS232 interface, which
is the recommended board for
allows you to connect PC as
3D printers and robotics well as a microcontroller
projects [3]. with RS232
Chip(MAX232).
Jumper wires
Solderless Jumper wires are
usually used in modeling and
Breadboard prototyping before the actual
Every breadboard has a electronic circuitry is
similar layout, with all rows designed and constructed on
labeled 1-N and all columns PCB.
labeled a-N. The breadboard
Fig: 8
is the solderless connection
Fig: 2 of pins used for prototypes.

Pulse Oximeter Sensor GY-MAX301000

Pulse Oximeter sensor is LCD 16 x 2 Line Display
used to calculate accurate LCD is used here to display
pulse rate which is measured the pulse rate, Spo2 and
in BPM and also Spo2 Temperature readings.
(blood Oxygen) readings
through the finger.
Fig: 9
Potentiometer 10K
Fig: 3

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Poornima University, Jaipur, Rajasthan (India) www.poornima.edu.in
3rd International Online Conference on Emerging Trends in Multi-Disciplinary Research “ETMDR-2022” Jan. 20-22, 2022
ISBN: 978-93-5593-524-3

A potentiometer is a three-
terminal resistor used for  GSM/GPRS Module -800C:
controlling the input voltage GSM/GPRS device is responsible for wireless
to the LCD. By rotating the communication with GSM networks. Global system
potentiometer knob the for mobile communication(GSM) Module is used to
Fig: 10 intensity of the light is transfer SMS with low power consumption.
controlled in LCD.
B. Software Requirements and Programming  ESP8266 Serial Port To Wi-Fi Module:
Languages This module has a wireless WiFi transceiver,
which operates at 2400-2484MHz(an Unlicensed
The Software used in the proposed system is the band). It supports TCP/IP protocol stack. The wifi
open-source Arduino software. Arduino Software is module allows the sensed data from the oximeter and
based on easy-to-use software enabling the various the temperature sensor to be sent to the cloud
electronic boards to be interfaced using simple database thingspeak. The connectivity is established
language like C/C++ and embed the code into the only with the help of the ESP8266 module, otherwise,
microcontroller. The packages included to implement the Arduino mega board can only read and display the
are as below: values of temperature and Oximeters readings.
 Arduino IDE from arduino.cc.
 Arduino embedded application.use  Thingspeak Cloud Database:
 Thingspeak cloud Database. Thingspeak.com is a cloud database that is
 Arduino libraries have been used to support the specially designed for IoT services and has the
hardware and software interaction. The libraries Matlab collaboration for the analysis. It keeps the data
include wire, LiquidCrystal, synchronous concerning all the sensors for reading
Max301000_Pulse_Oximeter and GSM libraries. and writing operations.
V. DESIGN
Begin
 Temperature Reading:
Temperature Sensor LM35 is used here to read the
temperature of the patient. The LM35 is connected to
the Arduino mega board. The readings taken from
LM35 are sent to the cloud database thingspeak
Ready to
Display in LCD
through the ESP8266 module.
find pulse
rate  Pulse Oximeter:
reading A Pulse Oximeter is used to take the heartbeats per
and Spo2
minute and Oxygen levels of the patient. The Pulse
Arduino
Mega Thingspeak Oximeter is connected to the Arduino Mega board.
board
 LCD display:
The LCD is used for displaying the information read
Temperature
ESP8266 Wi-Fi by the sensors. It also confirms that the sensors are
module
reading working well and the message sending is also
confirmed to the user by displaying the appropriate
display message along with the sensor data.

 Alert Message:
GSM module Alert message
Received
The alert message is sent to the particular physician
through the GSM module. The Physician has to use
any standard mobile phone to receive the message.
Fig: 11 Block Diagram of the Proposed The message is only sent to the doctors which are
System specified in the code. Mobile application is not
developed here as it limits the usage of the user and it
The above Block diagram is used to describe all is specific to the Operating system used by the
the individual boards and components involved in the physician.
system.
VI. IMPLEMENTATION
 Arduino Mega 2560: A. Software Implementation.
Arduino Mega 2560 is the microcontroller used for In this system, the software is implemented in two
working with low cost and portable sensors. Arduino ways, one is for the hardware applications and
has 54 Digital I/O pins and 15 Analog pins which are another is for end-users.
the highest in the category. Arduino UNO has 14
digital I/O pins and 6 analog pins, whereas Here code can be developed using the
NODEMCU has 16 digital I/O and 4 analog pins. programming language Embedded C through this
language we have dumped the code in Arduino. After

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Poornima University, Jaipur, Rajasthan (India) www.poornima.edu.in
3rd International Online Conference on Emerging Trends in Multi-Disciplinary Research “ETMDR-2022” Jan. 20-22, 2022
ISBN: 978-93-5593-524-3

that, we are creating channels in thing speck account  wire.h library is used for working with the
those channels are represents the patient’s pulse rate, communication from the Arduino board to
Spo2 and temperature in form of a graph. if a Inter-Integrated circuits and two wired
patient’s pulse rate should be above compared to the interfaces for having communication [4].
given set of range, using the GSM module goes an  MAX30105 is the Library for the
alert message according to their particular doctor. MAX30102 Pulse and MAX30105
Proximity Breakout. An Arduino Library for
Programming languages are used in IoT concepts the MAX3015 particle sensor and
are embedded languages, which are embedded C or MAX30102 Pulse Ox sensor was built by
C++, these are the back-end languages. Nathen Seidel from sparkfun [2].
 Spo2_algorithm is derived using the
Back-end - Embedded C and C++: algorithm designed by Paul Leonard et al.
Embedded programming languages are the brains This algorithm uses wavelet analysis
behind making a system run smoothly and meet and techniques to identify the breath of the
needs of its users and functionalities [4]. Embedded patient [5].
languages are commonly utilized in daily to everyday  Liquidcrystal is the library used to interface
machinery such as mobile phones, traffic signals, the LCD display with the Arduino mega
television remote controllers, digital camera(s), and board and is provided by the Arduino as an
washing machines, among others[6]. open-source library.
Advantages of Embedded programming: B. Workflow Description
 Speed and size
Embedded programming is usually used in
machinery processing where size and speed are most
important. Embedded programming is easy to learn
and easy to compile.

 Process-independent
Embedded programming is process and platform-
independent which are easy to run on any platform
without depending on the system processor,
microprocessors and microcontrollers.

 Integrated
Embedded system is widely used in integrated
systems such as traffic signals with accurate usage
and accurate results.

Programming languages used in IoT concepts are Fig: 12 Flow Diagram

embedded languages, C or C++. In the figure shown above, we can see the logical
flow of the system. The pulse oximeter is
 Embedded C and C++: Embedded programming appropriately set to the values and displayed on the
languages are the core of making the system LCD screen and checked for the heartbeats. If it is
work efficiently with the software, hardware, and going above 100 bpm then the alert message is sent to
system functionalities. Embedded languages are the family members and the physician. Similarly,
widely used in devices, such as mobile phones, even temperature is also displayed and an alert is sent
traffic signals, remote controllers, digital as the message if the temperature is higher than
cameras, washing machines, etc [4]. clinical values.

During the initial setup, we simply followed the

 Extended Functions in Embedded C
documentation given by the IoT hub cloud database
programming: With access to the same principles
thingspeak, whereas the IoT hub describes the
of C programming, the embedded programming
libraries for networking. Thingspeak needs a prior set
makes the program communicate with the
up to connect with the database where it requires
hardware efficiently; this type of programming is
HOST and AUTH details [6]. The host is usually will
used to program the microcontrollers which are
be the website domain name or IP address and AUTH
mostly used in a standalone system such as
contains the database secrets[6]. After the setup of all
traffic signals [4].
libraries first, we need to connect with wifi using
SSID and password provided.
Embedded Programming is also supported with
The System is connected to the IoT Hub thingspeak
the libraries provided with the Arduino and other
cloud using the wire library. The access of the Arduino
open-source software. In this system, we are using the
through the ESP-8266 is established to send the data
libraries wire.h, MAX30105, spo2_algorithm,
of the pulse oximeter and temperature sensor. Separate
LiquidCrystal.

388
Poornima University, Jaipur, Rajasthan (India) www.poornima.edu.in
3rd International Online Conference on Emerging Trends in Multi-Disciplinary Research “ETMDR-2022” Jan. 20-22, 2022
ISBN: 978-93-5593-524-3

channels have been created in the thingspeak cloud

website to write the readings in the cloud database.
Thingspeak.com gives us the complete documentation
for having the connectivity of the Arduino board. IoT
Hub collects the readings fetched from the system
when the patient uses the device. The same can be
retrieved along with the analysis of the readings got
from this connection.

C. Connecting the hardware.

Connecting the hardware is the main important

step to attain the fulfillment of the complete system.
The IoT devices have to be interconnected to each
other according to the circuit diagrams shown below.

 Arduino MEGA 2560 pin mapping:

Fig: 14 Arduino to 16X2 LCD and PulseOximeter

(Source: https://how2electronics.com/interfacing-max30100-pulse-
oximeter-sensor-arduino/)

As shown in the figure the connections are given

to the LCD and the pulse oximeter. The LCD is
powered by the Arduino board. LCD pin 1, 5, 16 to
GND of Arduino and 2, 15 to 5V VCC. Similarly
connect LCD pin 4, 6, 11, 12, 13, 14 to Arduino pin
13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8. Use a 10K Potentiometer at pin 3
of LCD to adjust the contrast of LCD.

Fig: 13: Arduino Mega 2560 pin mapping.

(Source: https://docs.arduino.cc/hardware/mega-2560)

The Arduino Mega 2560 is a microcontroller

board based on the ATmega2560. It has 54 digital
input/output pins (of which 15 can be used as PWM Fig: 15: Arduino Mega 2560 to ESP-8266
outputs), 16 analog inputs, 4 UARTs (hardware serial (Source:
ports), a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, a USB connection, https://arduino.stackexchange.com/questions/30057/connecting-
a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. esp8266-to-mega-2056)

The Arduino MEGA 2560 is designed for projects

that require more I/O lines, more sketch memory, and
more RAM. With 54 digital I/O pins, 16 analog
inputs, and a larger space for your sketch it is the
recommended board for 3D printers and robotics
projects.

 Arduino to 16X2 LCD and Pulse Oximeter:

Fig: 16: Arduino Mega 2560 to GSM module

389
Poornima University, Jaipur, Rajasthan (India) www.poornima.edu.in
3rd International Online Conference on Emerging Trends in Multi-Disciplinary Research “ETMDR-2022” Jan. 20-22, 2022
ISBN: 978-93-5593-524-3

(Source:www.learnerswings.com)

Fig. 15 and Fig 16. Shows us the connections

associated with the ESP-8266 and GSM Module
respectively. The ESP-8266 wifi module and GSM
module are connected to the RX and TX pins of the
Arduino mega board. Multiple-use of the RX and TX
pins has made us choose the Arduino Mega board
over than standard Arduino board.
VII. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Fig:18 Prototype Model.

Fig. 18 shows the prototype model of the system. It

can be built properly using a PCB and proper casing
in the Manufacturing model.

Fig: 17 Responsive web system on thingspeak.com

As shown in above Fig. 17 the system can

send the data to the IoT Hub successfully and the
analysis of the same can also be seen in Fig. 17. The
results obtained are more accurate if the pulse
oximeter sensor is kept attached to the finger, maybe
by using the rubber band. The system has to be used
for a single patient so that the data is accurate for
analysis. The System does not recognize the patient
and hence everything it reads is synched to the IoT
Hub. However, the LCD shows the reading of all the
people who use it. But we recommend it to be used
for a single patient for better analytics. The data
accumulated in the thingspeak.com cloud can be
downloaded in the CSV file and used for the Fig:19 Mobile Model receiving Message.
Analytics by the physician. If a data scientist is
looking forward to it then he too can work on the The above Fig. 19 shows the message received in
data that is stored. the mobile device which hence confirms that the
system is working well and well. The Message can be
customized as per the requirement before we are
loading the code to the Arduino device. The doctor or
the physician will receive the message and can have a
better prescription and take the necessary action for
the treatment of the patient.

VIII. CONCLUSION

The project has proposed a new idea where the

patient can carry a hardware device to check pulse
rate, oxygen, and temperature and alert about their

390
 Poornima University, Jaipur, Rajasthan (India) www.poornima.edu.in
3rd International Online Conference on Emerging Trends in Multi-Disciplinary Research “ETMDR-2022” Jan. 20-22, 2022
ISBN: 978-93-5593-524-3

health. One of the most techniques is used in this [Accessed 10 08 2021].

project is the GSM module which is used to send and
receive an alert message. If the patient’s heartbeat is
higher rate then automatically goes an alert message
to the doctor through the GSM module, so the doctor
can easily provide medical attention to the patient at
the correct stage and time.

Any abnormalities in the health conditions can be

known directly and are informed to the particular
person and provided treatment through the doctor.

The overall project is based on the IoT concept

that helps the easy monitoring of the patient’s
condition virtually.

We can implement an application that helps to

provide other home care facilities. We can develop a
mobile app for this application. Through the pulse
sensor patient can maintain History up to certain days
and sync to Cloud.

We can implement the future Walking heart rate

average through a web application. Resting heart rate
represents through the graph. In the future, we may be
able to use artificial intelligence to improve accuracy.
Irregular rhythm notification and increasing patient
participation in inpatient health monitoring adoption
and utilization.

X. REFERENCES

[1] Dorland, Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary,

Deluxe Edition (Dorland's Medical Dictionary),
Saunders; 28th edition (26 October 1994), 1994.
[2] "Pulse & Heart Rate," Cleveland Clinic, 2021. [Online].
Available:
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diagnostics/17402-
pulse--heart-rate. [Accessed 25 July 2021].
[3] “Getting Started with Arduino MEGA2560,” Arduino,
[Online]. Available:
https://www.arduino.cc/en/Guide/ArduinoMega2560.
[Accessed 10 08 2021].
[4] “Arduino.cc,” Arduino, 10 08 2021. [Online].
Available: https://www.arduino.cc/en/reference/wire.
[Accessed 08 10 2021].
[5] Paul Leonard, Neil R. Grubb, Paul S. Addison, “An
Algorithm for the Detection of Individual Breaths from
the Pulse Oximeter Waveform,” Journal of Clinical
Monitoring and Computing, vol. 18, no. December, pp.
309-312, 2004.
[6] Surasura Lokesh, Shashidhar Patil, Aishwarya
Gugawad, “Home Security And Automation Using
NodeMCU-ESP8266,” in IEEE Bangalore
Humanitarian Technology Conference (B-HTC), 2020,
Vijayapur, 2020.
[7] “Sparkfun MAX3010X,” Piolabs, [Online]. Available:
https://platformio.org/lib/show/1288/SparkFun.

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