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CCNP and CCIE Data Center Core
DCCOR 350-601 Official Cert Guide
Second Edition

Somit Maloo, CCIE No. 28603, CCDE No. 20170002

Iskren Nikolov, CCIE No. 20164, CCSI No. 32481

Firas Ahmed, CCIE No. 14967

Cisco Press

A NOTE FOR EARLY RELEASE READERS

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and/or examples in this book, or if you notice missing material within
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CCNP and CCIE Data Center Core DCCOR 350-601 Official Cert Guide

Somit Maloo & Firas Ahmed

Copyright © 2024 Cisco Systems, Inc.

Published by: Cisco Press

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or

transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage
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Library of Congress Control Number: 2020930073

ISBN-13: 978-0-13-644962-1

ISBN-10: 0-13-644962-X

Warning and Disclaimer

This book discusses the content and skills needed to pass the 350-
601 CCNP Data Center Core certification exam, which is the
prerequisite for CCNP as well as CCIE certification. Every effort has
been made to make this book as complete and as accurate as
possible, but no warranty or fitness is implied.

The information is provided on an “as is” basis. The authors, Cisco

Press, and Cisco Systems, Inc. shall have neither liability nor
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The opinions expressed in this book belong to the authors and are
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Trademark Acknowledgments

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Director, ITP Product Management: Brett Bartow

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About the Authors

Somit Maloo, CCIE No. 28603, CCDE No. 20170002, is a content

architect from the data center team in the Learning & Certifications’
organization. He holds a master’s degree in telecommunication
networks and a bachelor’s degree in electronics and
telecommunication engineering. He is also a penta CCIE in routing
and switching, service provider, wireless, security, and data center
technologies. Somit holds various industry-leading certifications,
including CCDE, PMP, RHCSA, and VMware VCIX6 in Data Center and
Network Virtualization. Somit has extensive experience in designing
and developing various data center courses for the official Cisco
curriculum. He started his career as a Cisco TAC engineer. Somit has
more than 13 years of experience in the networking industry,
working mostly with data center networks. You can reach Somit on
Twitter: @somitmaloo.

Iskren Nikolov, CCIE No.20164, CCSI No.32481, MCT Alumni,

Content architect, engineer, and developer with the Cisco Learning &
Certifications’ Data Center & Cloud team. He is responsible for
designing, developing, reviewing Data Center Official Learning Cisco
courses, including lab infrastructures and exercises. He holds a
master’s degree in computer systems and management from the
Technical University-Sofia, Bulgaria. Iskren has more than twenty-six
years of experience in designing, implementing, and supporting
solutions based on the Data Center, Security, Storage, Wide Area
Networks, Software-Defined Networks, Cloud, Hybrid and Multi-cloud
technologies, including eleven years of teaching, and developing
Cisco Data Center & Cloud and Microsoft Azure courses. The huge
experience across technologies from multiple vendors such as Cisco
Systems, VMware, Microsoft, Barracuda, combined with the different
perspectives gained from the different roles in his work and working
with customers from different industries, allow Iskren to have a
unique view of the current Data center technologies and the future
trends. You can reach Iskren on LinkedIn:
https://www.linkedin.com/in/iskrennikolov

Firas Ahmed, CCIE No. 14967, is a solution architect from the

enterprise data center team at Cisco Customer Experience (CX). He
completed a master’s degree in systems and control engineering
following a bachelor’s degree in computer engineering. Firas holds
CCIE certificates in routing and switching, collaboration, wireless,
security, and data center technologies in addition to industry-based
certifications, including CISSP, PMP, VMware VCP6.5-DCV, ITIL, and
GICSP. Firas has more than 15 years of experience in designing,
developing, and supporting various data centers for enterprise and
IoT customers. Firas has additional experience as a seasonal
instructor in a number of community colleges in Toronto, where he
taught various computer networking courses. You can reach Firas on
Twitter: @dccor_firas.
About the Technical Reviewer

Donald Bacha is an Infrastructure Manager with a health research

organization in New York City. He’s the technical lead responsible for
designing and implementing network, compute, virtualization,
storage, and disaster recovery solutions. During the past 18 years,
Donald has supported Cloud Services Provider, Enterprise, and Data
Center environments contributing to complex routing and switching,
data center, storage, and virtualization projects in both greenfield
and brownfield deployments. Donald's certifications include CCNP
Data Center, CCNP Enterprise, and VCAP-DCV. Donald holds a Master
of Science in Network Engineering from Southern Methodist
University (SMU) Lyle School of Engineering and a Master of
Business Administration from the Commonwealth of
Learning/University of Guyana. You can reach Donald on Twitter:
@donald_bacha.
Dedications

Somit:

To my loving wife, Renuka, for her unending love and support.

To my wonderful parents, who supported me in every phase of my

life.

To Navya and Namit, who agreed not to fight while Papa was
working on the book.

To my aunt, Tara, for being the guiding angel in my life.

Iskren Nikolov:

To my loving family, my wife Petya and my kids Diana and Valentin –

for their continued support and unconditional love!

Firas:

To my amazing wife, Nora, who has been extremely supportive

throughout this process. Thanks for letting me spend long hours on
my computer once again!

To Ibrahim and Maryam, you are growing so fast. Never give up on

what you want. If at first you don’t succeed, try and try again. I love
you more than anything!

To my parents, you are still the guiding light that keeps me on the
right path.
Acknowledgments

Somit Maloo:

I would like to thank my co-author, Iskren Nikolov and Firas Ahmed,

for working as a team to complete this book. Without their support,
this book would not have been possible. I am thankful to all our
professional editors, especially James Manly, and Ellie Bru, for their
patience and guidance at every step of the book process. I would
also like to thank our technical editor, Donald Bacha, for his keen
attention to detail and for agreeing to review the book, taking time
out of her busy schedule.

Firas Ahmed:

I would like to thank my co-author, Somit Maloo, for taking the

initiative to form this partnership and for his dedication in putting
together the outline of this book. Thank you for your valuable input
and continuous support throughout the process.

Thanks to the Cisco Press team, especially James Manly, for

believing in us, and Ellie Bru, for her guidance and extreme patience
while editing and amending the chapters of the book.

A special credit to Hazim Dahir, distinguished engineer at Cisco

Systems, for his help and support with the technical review of the
book.

In addition, I want to thank my colleague Naveen Chapa for

reviewing and providing constructive feedback that helped enhance
the ACI chapter.

Iskren Nikolov:

I would like to thank my co-author Somit Maloo – it’s not that often
to work effortlessly as a team with someone. I am thankful to the
whole production team, special mentioning of James Manly and Ellie
Bru, for their professionalism and endless patience with me! Special
thanks also to our technical editor, Donald Bacha, for providing this
precious other perspective on how we can tell a better story about
the technology!
Contents at a Glance

Part I Networking
1 Implementing Routing in the Data Center
2 Implementing Data Center Switching Protocols
3 Implementing Data Center Overlay Protocols
4 Describe Cisco Application Centric Infrastructure
5 Cisco Cloud Services and Deployment Models (direct pickup
- there are NO changes from the previous edition)
6 Data Center Network Management and Monitoring
7 Describe Cisco Nexus Dashboard
Part II Storage
8 Implement Fibre Channel
9 Implement FCoE Unified Fabric
10 Describe NFS and NAS Concepts
11 Describe Software Management and Infrastructure
Monitoring
Part III Compute
12 Cisco Unified Computing Systems Overview
13 Cisco Unified Computing Infrastructure Monitoring
14 Cisco Unified Compute Software and Configuration
Management
15 Cisco HyperFlex Overview
Part IV Automation
 16 Automation and Scripting Tools
17 Evaluate Automation and Orchestration Technologies
Part V Security
18 Network Security
19 Compute Security
20 Storage Security
21 Final Preparation
22 CCNP and CCIE Data Center Core DCCOR 350-601 Official
Cert Guide Exam Updates
A Answers to the “Do I Know This Already?” Quizzes
Glossary
Online Elements
B Memory Tables
C Memory Tables Answer Key
D Study Planner
Reader Services

Other Features

In addition to the features in each of the core chapters, this book

has additional study resources on the companion website, including
the following:

Practice exams: The companion website contains an exam engine

that enables you to review practice exam questions. Use these to
prepare with a sample exam and to pinpoint topics where you need
more study.

An online interactive Flash Cards application to help you drill on Key

Terms by chapter.

Glossary quizzes: The companion website contains interactive

quizzes that enable you to test yourself on every glossary term in
the book.

More than 2 hours of video training: The companion website

contains multiple hours of unique test-prep videos.

To access this additional content, simply register your product. To

start the registration process, go to www.ciscopress.com/register
and log in or create an account*. Enter the product ISBN
9780136449621 and click Submit. After the process is complete, you
will find any available bonus content under Registered Products.

*Be sure to check the box that you would like to hear from us to
receive exclusive discounts on future editions of this product.
Contents

Part I Networking
1 Implementing Routing in the Data Center
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz
Foundation Topics
Routing Protocols Support on Cisco Nexus Devices
OSPF
Border Gateway Protocol
Bidirectional Forwarding Detection
Multicast
Hot Standby Router Protocol
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol
Exam Preparation Tasks
Review All Key Topics
Memory Tables
Define Key Terms
References
2 Implementing Data Center Switching Protocols
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz
Foundation Topics
Spanning Tree Protocols
Port Channels
Virtual Port Channel
 Exam Preparation Tasks
Review All Key Topics
Memory Tables
Define Key Terms
References
3 Implementing Data Center Overlay Protocols
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz
Foundation Topics
Virtual Extensible LAN (VXLAN) Overview
Exam Preparation Tasks
Review All Key Topics
Define Key Terms
References
4 Describe Cisco Application Centric Infrastructure
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz
Foundation Topics
Cisco Application Centric Infrastructure (ACI) Overview
Cisco ACI Initial Setup, Fabric Discovery, Fabric Upgrade
and Fabric Access Policies
Cisco ACI Fabric Building Blocks, Policy Model and VMM
domains
ACI LAB Configurations Example
Exam Preparation Tasks
Review All Key Topics
 Define Key Terms
References
5 Cisco Cloud Services and Deployment Models (direct pickup
- there are NO changes from the previous edition)
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz
Foundation Topics
What Is Cloud Computing?
Cloud Service Models
Cloud Deployment Models
Exam Preparation Tasks
Review All Key Topics
Define Key Terms
References
6 Data Center Network Management and Monitoring
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz
Foundation Topics
Cisco Nexus NX-OS Software Installation, Updates, and
Their Impacts
Nexus Configuration Management
Network Time Management
Network Infrastructure Monitoring
Streaming Telemetry
Network Assurance Concept
Exam Preparation Tasks
 Review All Key Topics
Memory Tables
Define Key Terms
References
7 Describe Cisco Nexus Dashboard
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz
Foundation Topics
Cisco Nexus Dashboard
Cisco Nexus Dashboard Platforms
Cisco Nexus Dashboard Cluster Nodes
Cisco Nexus Dashboard External Networks
Cisco Nexus Dashboard GUI Overview
Exam Preparation Tasks
Review All Key Topics
Memory Tables
Define Key Terms
Glossary:
References
Part II Storage
8 Implement Fibre Channel
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz
Foundation Topics
Cisco MDS 9000 Series Hardware
Fibre Channel Basics
 CFS
VSAN
SAN Port Channels
Zoning
Device Alias
NPIV and NPV
Exam Preparation Tasks
Review All Key Topics
Memory Tables
Define Key Terms
References
9 Implement FCoE Unified Fabric
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz
Foundation Topics
FCoE Overview
FCoE Topology Options
FCoE Implementations
Exam Preparation Tasks
Review All Key Topics
Memory Tables
Define Key Terms
References
10 Describe NFS and NAS Concepts
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz
 Foundation Topics
Describe NFS Concepts
Describe NAS Concepts
Exam Preparation Tasks
Review All Key Topics
Define Key Terms
References
11 Describe Software Management and Infrastructure
Monitoring
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz
Foundation Topics
Cisco MDS NX-OS Setup Utility
Cisco MDS NX-OS Software Upgrade and Downgrade
Infrastructure Monitoring
Exam Preparation Tasks
Review All Key Topics
Define Key Terms
References
Part III Compute
12 Cisco Unified Computing Systems Overview
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz
Foundation Topics
Cisco UCS Architecture
Cisco UCS Initial Setup and Management
 Cisco UCS Network Management
Cisco UCS Storage
Exam Preparation Tasks
Review All Key Topics
Define Key Terms
References
13 Cisco Unified Computing Infrastructure Monitoring
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz
Foundation Topics
Cisco UCS System Monitoring
Cisco Intersight
Exam Preparation Tasks
Review All Key Topics
Define Key Terms
References
14 Cisco Unified Compute Software and Configuration
Management
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz
Foundation Topics
Cisco UCS Configuration Management
UCS Firmware and Software Updates
Exam Preparation Tasks
Review All Key Topics
Define Key Terms
 References
15 Cisco HyperFlex Overview
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz
Foundation Topics
Cisco HyperFlex Solution and Benefits
HyperFlex as an Edge, Hybrid, and All-Flash Nodes
Exam Preparation Tasks
Review All Key Topics
Define Key Terms
References
Part IV Automation
16 Automation and Scripting Tools
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz
Foundation Topics
EEM Overview
Scheduler
Bash Shell for Cisco NX-OS
Guest Shell for Cisco NX-OS
XML
JSON
Rest API
Exam Preparation Tasks
Review All Key Topics
Memory Tables
 Define Key Terms
References
17 Evaluate Automation and Orchestration Technologies
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz
Foundation Topics
Ansible
Ansible CLI Tools
Python
PowerOn Auto Provisioning (POAP)
HashiCorp Terraform
PowerShell
Exam Preparation Tasks
Review All Key Topics
Memory Tables
Define Key Terms
References
Part V Security
18 Network Security
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz
Foundation Topics
Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting
AAA NX-OS Configurations
Role-Based Access Control
Nexus First-Hop Security
 DHCP Snooping Trusted and Untrusted Sources
Nexus Control Plane Policing
Cisco ACI Contracts
Inter-Private Network Contracts Communication
ACI Microsegmentation
Example: ACI Microsegmentation with VMs from a Single
Application EPG
Example: ACI Microsegmentation with VMs in Different
Application EPGs
Keychain Authentication
Exam Preparation Tasks
Review All Key Topics
Define Key Terms
References
19 Compute Security
“Do I Know This Already?” Quiz
Foundation Topics
Securing UCS Management Using Authentication,
Authorization, and Accounting
Exam Preparation Tasks
Review All Key Topics
Define Key Terms
References
20 Storage Security
 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz
Foundation Topics
Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting
User Accounts and RBAC
Port Security
Fabric Binding
Exam Preparation Tasks
Review All Key Topics
Memory Tables and Lists
Define Key Terms
References
21 Final Preparation
Getting Ready
Tools for Final Preparation
Learn the Question Types Using the Cisco Certification
Exam Tutorial
Suggested Plan for Final Review/Study
Summary
22 CCNP and CCIE Data Center Core DCCOR 350-601 Official
Cert Guide Exam Updates
The Purpose of This Chapter
News about the Next Exam Release
Updated Technical Content
A Answers to the “Do I Know This Already?” Quizzes
Glossary
Online Elements
B Memory Tables
C Memory Tables Answer Key
D Study Planner
Icons Used in This Book
Command Syntax Conventions

The conventions used to present command syntax in this book are

the same conventions used in the IOS Command Reference. The
Command Reference describes these conventions as follows:

Boldface indicates commands and keywords that are entered

literally as shown. In actual configuration examples and output (not
general command syntax), boldface indicates commands that are
manually input by the user (such as a show command).

Italic indicates arguments for which you supply actual values.

Vertical bars (|) separate alternative, mutually exclusive elements.

Square brackets ([ ]) indicate an optional element.

Braces ({ }) indicate a required choice.

Braces within brackets ([{ }]) indicate a required choice within an

optional element.
Introduction

Professional certifications have been an important part of the

computing industry for many years and will continue to become
more important. Many reasons exist for these certifications, but the
most popularly cited reason is that of credibility. All other
considerations held equal, the certified employee/consultant/job
candidate is considered more valuable than one who is not.

Goals and Methods

The most important and somewhat obvious goal of this book is to

help you pass the 350-601 CCNP Data Center Core Exam. In fact, if
the primary objective of this book were different, the book’s title
would be misleading; however, the methods used in this book to
help you pass the 350-601 CCNP Data Center Core Exam are
designed to also make you much more knowledgeable about how to
do your job. Although this book and the companion website together
have more than enough questions to help you prepare for the actual
exam, the method in which they are used is not simply to make you
memorize as many questions and answers as you possibly can.

One key methodology used in this book is to help you discover the
exam topics that you need to review in more depth, to help you fully
understand and remember those details, and to help you prove to
yourself that you have retained your knowledge of those topics. So,
this book does not try to help you pass by memorization, but helps
you truly learn and understand the topics. The Data Center Core
Exam is just one of the foundation topics in the CCNP and CCIE
certification, and the knowledge contained within is vitally important
to consider yourself a truly skilled data center engineer or specialist.
This book would do you a disservice if it didn’t attempt to help you
learn the material. To that end, the book will help you pass the Data
Center Core Exam by using the following methods:

Helping you discover which test topics you have not mastered

Providing explanations and information to fill in your knowledge

gaps

Supplying exercises and scenarios that enhance your ability to

recall and deduce the answers to test questions

Providing practice exercises on the topics and the testing process

via test questions through the companion website

Who Should Read This Book?

This book is not designed to be a general networking topics book,

although it can be used for that purpose. This book is intended to
tremendously increase your chances of passing the CCNP Data
Center Core Exam. Although other objectives can be achieved from
using this book, the book is written with one goal in mind: to help
you pass the exam.

So why should you want to pass the CCNP Data Center Core Exam?
Because it’s one of the milestones toward getting the CCNP and
CCIE certification—no small feat in itself. What would getting the
CCNP or CCIE mean to you? A raise, a promotion, recognition? How
about to enhance your resume? To demonstrate that you are serious
about continuing the learning process and that you’re not content to
rest on your laurels. To please your reseller-employer, who needs
more certified employees for a higher discount from Cisco. Or one of
many other reasons.

Strategies for Exam Preparation

The strategy you use for the CCNP Data Center Core Exam might be
slightly different from strategies used by other readers, mainly based
on the skills, knowledge, and experience you already have obtained.
For instance, if you have attended the DCICN and DCICT course, you
might take a different approach than someone who learned data
center technologies via on-the-job training.

Regardless of the strategy you use or the background you have, the
book is designed to help you get to the point where you can pass
the exam with the least amount of time required. For instance, there
is no need for you to practice or read about OSPF or BGP if you fully
understand it already. However, many people like to make sure that
they truly know a topic and thus read over material that they already
know. Several book features will help you gain the confidence that
you need to be convinced that you know some material already and
to also help you know what topics you need to study more.

The Companion Website for Online Content

Review

All the electronic review elements, as well as other electronic

components of the book, exist on this book’s companion website.

How to Access the Companion Website

To access the companion website, which gives you access to the

electronic content with this book, start by establishing a login at
www.ciscopress.com and register your book. To do so, simply go to
www.ciscopress.com/register and enter the ISBN of the print book:
9780136449621. After you have registered your book, go to your
account page and click the Registered Products tab. From there,
click the Access Bonus Content link to get access to the book’s
companion website.
Note that if you buy the Premium Edition eBook and Practice Test
version of this book from Cisco Press, your book will automatically
be registered on your account page.

Simply go to your account page, click the Registered Products tab,

and select Access Bonus Content to access the book’s companion
website.

How to Access the Pearson Test Prep Practice Test Software

You have two options for installing and using the Pearson Test Prep
practice test software: a web app and a desktop app. To use the
Pearson Test Prep practice test software, start by finding the
registration code that comes with the book. You can find the code in
these ways:

Print book: Look in the cardboard sleeve in the back of the book
for a piece of paper with your book’s unique PTP code.

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How This Book Is Organized

Although this book could be read cover-to-cover, it is designed to be

flexible and allow you to easily move between chapters and sections
of chapters to cover just the material that you need more work with.

The core chapters, Chapters 1 through 20, cover the following

topics:

Chapter 1, “Implementing Routing in the Data Center”:

This chapter discusses data center Layer 3 routing protocols,
focusing on OSPF and BGP routing protocols. It also discusses
multicast and First Hop Redundancy Protocols such as HSRP and
VRRP.

Chapter 2, “Implementing Data Center Switching

Protocols”: This chapter discusses data center Layer 2 switching
protocols, focusing on spanning tree and multiport aggregation. It
also discusses virtual port channels (multichassis port channels).

Chapter 3, “Implementing Data Center Overlay Protocols”:

This chapter discusses data center Overlay protocol Virtual
Extensible LAN (VXLAN).

Chapter 4, “Describe Cisco Application Centric

Infrastructure”: This chapter discusses various aspects of Cisco
ACI, including but not limited to fabric discovery, fabric access
policies, fabric packet flow, tenants, and VMM domains.

Chapter 5, “Cisco Cloud Services and Deployment Models”:

This chapter discusses an overview of what cloud computing is along
with cloud service models per the NIST 800-145 definition, such as
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Software as a Service (SaaS), and
Platform as a Service (PaaS). It also discusses various cloud
deployment models per the NIST 800-145 definition, such as public,
private, community, and hybrid cloud.

Chapter 6, “Data Center Network Management and

Monitoring”: This chapter discusses data center network
disruptive/nondisruptive upgrade procedures, network
configurations, and infrastructure monitoring aspects in detail. It also
discusses data center network assurance and data telemetry.

Chapter 7, “Describe Cisco Nexus Dashboard”: This chapter

discusses various services/applications for Cisco Nexus Dashboard
platform including Cisco Nexus Dashboard Insights (NDI), Cisco
Nexus Dashboard Orchestrator (NDO), Cisco Nexus Dashboard
Fabric Controller (NDFC), and Cisco Nexus Dashboard Data Broker
(NDDB) along with their features and benefits. It also discusses
various form factors, node types, and network types for Cisco Nexus
Dashboard deployment along with Graphical User Interface(GUI)
overview of Cisco Nexus Dashboard platform.

Chapter 8, “Implement Fibre Channel”: This chapter discusses

the MDS 9000 Series Hardware and Fibre Channel protocol in detail.
It discusses Fibre Channel topologies, port types, switched fabric
initialization, CFS distribution, VSAN, zoning, device alias, FLOGI,
and FCNS databases. It also discusses NPV and NPIV features in
detail.

Chapter 9, “Implement FCoE Unified Fabric”: This chapter

discusses the FCoE Unified Fabric Protocol in detail. It discusses
various Ethernet enhancements that enable FCoE support on
Ethernet interfaces. It also discusses FCoE topology options and
various FCoE implementations—for example, FCoE over FEX and
FCoE NPV.

Chapter 10, “Describe NFS and NAS Concepts”: This chapter

discusses NFS basics along with various NFS versions. It also
discusses NAS basics with an overview of the Cisco NSS 3000 Series
NAS product.

Chapter 11, “Describe Software Management and

Infrastructure Monitoring”: This chapter discusses how the Cisco
MDS NX-OS Setup Utility helps to build an initial configuration file
using the System Configuration dialog. It also discusses Cisco MDS
NX-OS software upgrade and downgrade procedures, along with
infrastructure monitoring features such as SPAN, RSPAN, RMON, and
Call Home.

Chapter 12, “Cisco Unified Computing Systems Overview”:

This chapter discusses the Cisco Unified Computing System (UCS)
architecture. It also discusses in detail UCS initial setup, along with
network management aspects of Cisco UCS such as identity pools,
policies, QoS, and templates.

Chapter 13, “Cisco Unified Computing Infrastructure

Monitoring”: This chapter discusses Cisco Unified Compute traffic
monitoring and Intersight cloud management.

Chapter 14, “Cisco Unified Compute Software and

Configuration Management”: This chapter discusses Cisco UCS
configuration management such as backup and restore. It also
discusses aspects of firmware and software updates on Cisco UCS.

Chapter 15, “Cisco HyperFlex Overview”: This chapter

discusses the Cisco Hyperflex solution and benefits. It also discusses
edge solutions that enable any application to be deployed,
monitored, and managed anywhere.
 Chapter 16, “Automation and Scripting Tools”: This chapter
discusses various automation and scripting tools. It discusses the
Embedded Event Manager (EEM), Scheduler, Bash Shell, and Guest
Shell for Cisco NX-OS software, and various data formats such as
XML and JSON. It also discusses how the REST API can be used to
configure Cisco NX-OS devices.

Chapter 17, “Evaluate Automation and Orchestration

Technologies”: This chapter discusses various automation and
orchestration technologies. It discusses how Ansible, Python and
Terraform can be used to automate Cisco Data Center products. It
also discusses the PowerOn Auto Provisioning (POAP) process, along
with the UCS PowerShell modules, also referred to as UCS PowerTool
Suite.

Chapter 18, “Network Security”: This chapter discusses

network authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) and
user role-based access control (RBAC). It also discusses various
network security protocols in detail, including control plan policing,
dynamic ARP inspection, DHCP snooping, and port security along
with the keychain authentication method.

Chapter 19, “Compute Security”: This chapter discusses Cisco

UCS authentication and user role-based access control.
Discovering Diverse Content Through
Random Scribd Documents
 THE NETERGE.
Of the pith of the neterge very strong spears or pikes
are made. This tree is remarkable for the width and
height of its trunk. Its leaves, which are like oblong
thorns, point towards the ground. For fruit, it bears
pods or bags, which are about a span long, and have a
balsamic odour. The pith of this tree equals iron in
hardness, and is of a violet colour, which however
changes to black, after the spears made of this wood
have been rubbed some time by the hand.
 THE ỸBARÔ.
The large tree ỹbarô bears black, shining berries,
about the size of filberts, which are pierced in the
middle, and made into rosaries.
 THE ÇEVIL.
The çevil produces bark for dressing hides, together
with certain pods, which the savage Indians used
formerly to burn, inhaling the smoke into their mouth,
nose, and whole body, which rendered them drunk,
mad, and for some time furious.
 THE SEIBO.
The seibo, a middle-sized tree, adorned with violet-
coloured leaves, consists of crooked boughs, and a
spungy wood, as soft as that of the cork tree, so that,
when fresh, it may be cut with a knife like an apple; but
after it is dry, axes are not sufficient to hew it. A bough
of this tree fixed in the ground takes root, and grows
immediately. Whenever the tiger feels his claws burn, he
is said to rub them against the bark of this tree to
relieve the pain.
 PALO DE LECHE.
This tree is called palo de leche, the milky tree, by the
Spaniards, because its wood is white as milk, and so
soft that it may be cut with a common knife, and is used
for small carpenters work.
 THE ỸÇAPỸ.
The ỹçapỹ, a large tall tree, is covered with leaves like
those of the citron, but smaller, and of a paler green. It
is a remarkable circumstance, that when the air is mild,
and always in the night, its leaves drop a quantity of
water, which moistens the space round about the tree
and renders it muddy. The wood of the tree is very soft
and flexible, but not moist, on which account it is well
calculated for making stirrups. John Verkens of Leipzig,
in his account of a journey taken by the Dutch to the
East Indies, relates, that in the island of Ferro, one of
the Canaries, they found a very large tree which
dropped water day and night, every part of the year,
and that the inhabitants hung up large pitchers to
receive it for their own use, and that of their cattle;
fresh water, he says, being incredibly scarce there. If
this be true, I suspect that it must be the same tree as
that which the Guaranies call ỹçapỹ in Paraguay. They
say that this water possesses a medicinal virtue, but of
what kind I do not know.
 THE TREE OF ANTS.
This is called arbol de hormigas, the tree of ants. It
consists of a weak spungy wood. The whole tree is full
of holes like a sieve, and being covered with ants,
should be avoided by all passers by; for if you do but
touch the tree, a host of ants rush out of their lurking-
holes, and will cover both you and the tree itself.
 THE UMBÙ.
So wide are the boughs and trunk of this tree, that
the sun never sees its foot. It affords plenty of shade to
fifty persons seated beneath it, and completely defends
them against the rain. The linden trees of Europe are
mere dwarfs compared with an aged umbù.
 THE WILLOW.
The willow, though it covers the islands of the Parana,
and the banks of certain rivers, is not to be seen
elsewhere throughout a vast extent of country. The
wood and leaves of willows, used both medicinally and
for other purposes, were often vainly sought by us.
 THE AMBAỸ.
The ambaỹ, a kind of wild fig, grows pretty high in
the course of a few months. The body of the tree is
slender, and perforated like an elder; the bark such as is
peculiar to figs; and the wood white like that of a birch,
but so soft that it may be cut with a knife. It has few
boughs, but is adorned with very large leaves, for the
lively verdure of which it is greatly commended, as well
as for the salubrity of its bark, juice, and leaf, which,
applied in various ways, stop running of the reins, too
copious discharges, and looseness of the bowels.
 THE WALNUT.
Walnuts, no ways differing from those of our own
country, are very common in the woods of Tucuman,
but scarce seen in other parts of Paraguay. Their wood
is employed in making pistol-cases, handles, and for
other kinds of cabinet-maker's work. The nuts are of
different sorts, for some are very large, with a soft rind,
others quite dwarfish, and with rinds as hard as a stone.
 THE URUCUỸ.
The urucuỹ, which is half shrub half tree, resembles a
hazle in the whiteness of its wood, and the blackness of
its bark. Its leaves are rather large, and heart-shaped.
The flowers, which are composed of five white petals,
tinged with red, are about the size of a common rose,
but have no scent whatever. For fruit it bears pods,
which are green at first, and afterwards red, each
containing about forty grains the size of peas, but plain
on both sides, and with a white pulp, like the seeds of
apples. The surface of them is of a deep bright red, and
immediately dyes the hands of all who touch it with that
colour. The pods, when ripe, burst open of themselves.
These grains, either dry or fresh, supply the place of
vermillion: when pounded, and sprinkled with water,
they are used by the savages, sometimes for painting
their bodies, sometimes for dying or staining cloth,
vessels, or other things. This scarlet colour, when a
thing is once tinctured with it, adheres pertinaciously, if
the grains of the urucuỹ, steeped in water, be mixed
with alum or urine. The same grains are thrown into
boiling water, and of the colour that settles at the
bottom cakes are made, which the women in Europe
paint their faces with, and painters and dyers use for
other purposes. They are used also both as food and
medicine, variously prepared and mixed. Of the bark
some weave cables, cords, and ropes, stronger than
hempen ones.
 THE AÑIL, OR INDIGO.
That mass of blue colour which the Spaniards call
añil, or añir, and other Europeans, indigo, is made of a
plant, with a long slender root, branching out into a
number of shoots; on which account its long stalks
partly creep on the ground, and partly stand upright.
They are red on one side, and are loaden with small
boughs, and round leaves, about the size of one's little
finger nail, of a dark green, on one side, and a silvery
white on the other. The little blossoms of this plant are
of a palish red, with flowers like a husk of corn, or as
others explain it, like an open helmet: and are
succeeded by pods, hanging from the stalk, full of an
olive-coloured seed, very like rape seed. The leaves of
the plant, when perfectly mature, are gathered in
bundles, pounded in stone mortars in the first place,
and next steeped, and turned about in a pan of tepid, or
as others say, cold water. They use them poured out on
a wooden table, surrounded with a high wooden brim,
and hollowed here and there into ditches. After the
water has escaped, the thicker part of the colour settles
into those ditches, coagulates, and hardens. The solid
particles are then taken out, and dried for many days;
for the dryer they are, the nearer they approach to that
colour which we call Venetian blue. Those who dyed
webs, or garments with that colour in Paraguay, mixed
children's urine, instead of alum, with it, to prevent the
colour from flying. The plant añil is sown in other
places, and grows spontaneously in the plains of
Paraguay, but is generally neglected, the industry of the
inhabitants seldom answering to the liberality of nature.
I never had the least doubt but this plant might be
cultivated in those countries of Europe where the
climate is milder. The seed must be sown in a soft, and
well-tilled soil. The young plants must be removed, like
lettuce, and cabbage, and placed at proper distances:
great care must likewise be taken to prevent their being
choked with weeds.
 COCHINILLA.
The Paraguayrian cochineal is produced by winged
insects, which sit continually on certain little thistles,
and suck their juice. There are many kinds of these
thistles, which differ from one another in their form, and
fruit. The plant on which the cochineal is found, is called
tuna by the Spaniards, and opuntia by botanists. From a
very short root rises a thick stalk, sometimes four-
cornered, green, crooked, with a white fragile pulp, and
covered with thorns: on this, instead of boughs and
leaves, grow other stalks, the same as the former, very
long, and extremely full of juice. Yellow flowers are
succeeded by fruit of a red colour, larger than a
common fig, with a sweet, and at the same time, rather
acid flavour, which renders them very delightful to the
palate. Their pulp is full of small, black seeds, like grape
stones, and when peeled has a delicious taste. From
these shrubs therefore, the women collect cochineal,
which consists of very small, white, fluid particles,
closely resembling moss. Most of the particles are made
into small, round cakes, and, after exposure to the air,
become red and hard. Nothing further is requisite to fit
them for painting, and dying. The Jesuit priest of the
Guarany town Nuestra Senhora de Sta. Fè, took care to
have the tuna thistle planted in a large garden, that
they might not be obliged to seek the cochineal
necessary for his town in distant plains. When the
thistles were grown up, those winged insects,
resembling bugs, were carried by the Indians from the
plain, and scattered up and down, with more than the
desired success; for so abundant, and so excellent was
the cochineal collected from them, that it was anxiously
bought, at any price, by the neighbouring priests, for
the use of their towns; because it was of a deeper, and
brighter red, than that of the plains, and the woods,
and was, moreover, scented with citron juice. In
succeeding years, the same Father prevented all access
to the town by means of these thistles, that the
equestrian savages, who had committed much carnage
amongst them, might not be so easily able to approach
it. This kind of living hedge, which the Spaniards use
both in their gardens and estates, became not only a
means of security, but at the same time, an ever fertile
nursery of cochineal, which, as well as a most beautiful
paint, affords the Paraguayrians a medicine for
strengthening the heart, creating perspiration, and
counteracting poison; so that it may be safely, and
usefully mixed with vinegar, and other seasoning
liquors.
 GOLDEN-ROD.
Golden-rod, which has a very straight stalk crowded
from top to bottom with leaves, is sometimes four,
sometimes five feet high, and adorned with a bright,
yellow flower, abounds in the plains of Paraguay. Both
its trunk, and leaves, boiled in water, and mixed with
alum, afford painters, and dyers a most splendid yellow
colour, and mixed with blue a very bright green. The
same golden-rod is also of great, and various use
amongst physicians. I remember a gentlewoman, who
had been confined to her bed for years by some disease
which baffled the skill of many physicians, being quickly,
and happily cured, by a German, who prescribed the
use of this medicine. There are many species of golden-
rod, but I was acquainted with only one in Paraguay.
 ROOTS OF A RED COLOUR.
The Guaranies in marshy places dig up roots called
yzipò with a dusky surface, which they use to dye
woollen, and cotton cloths of a dark red. Whether this
root be the rubia of dyers I cannot venture to affirm, for
though that plant is cultivated in Austria, I never
happened to see it.
 THE BARK CAATIGUÀ.
The bark of the tree caatiguà, when dipped in water,
imparts a pale red colour, and is chiefly used for dying
leather.
 MATERIALS FOR A BLACK COLOUR.
To dye cloth black, they make use either of a kind of
alfaroba, which I have described elsewhere to be like
the Egyptian tree acacia, of a well-known Paraguayrian
herb, or of a rich, black clay. Though cotton will take a
black dye, it will not hold it long; consequently the
cotton dresses which we wore in Paraguay, became
almost of no colour, and the blackness, by degrees,
faded away. The Spanish ladies of St. Iago, and the
Chiquito Indians have the art of dying cotton with a very
lasting black, a secret unknown to every one else.
 A NAMELESS FRUIT AFFORDING
A GREEN COLOUR.
Walking in a wood on the banks of the Narahage I
discovered a shrub, before unknown to me, covered
with leaves of such a very bright green that I felt an
inclination to taste them. I found them sweeter than
sugar, and thought to use them for sweetening the herb
of Paraguay. Applauding myself vastly, for what I
thought so useful a discovery, I gave a leaf to the
Spaniard, my companion, to taste; but he prudently
declared, that he should take care not to eat, or even
touch that strange plant. The Indian old women were
consulted on this affair: they told us that these leaves
were used for dying things green, but were very
poisonous.
 WOODS USED FOR DYING.
Woods, moreover, used for dying various colours,
which are brought into Europe from Brazil, Guayana,
and other countries of America, are found in that part of
Paraguay, which borders on Brazil. The same may be
observed with regard to roots, oils, juices, gums, rosins,
kernels, &c.
 CARDONES, or CEREI.
To the thistles called tunas, or Indian figs, you may
add the cardones, or cerei, the trunk of which is large,
and tall, with a spungy, and brittle pulp. In the place of
branches and leaves there grow on them other stalks,
both thick, and long, which are thorny on every side, full
of juice, and straight upright. They bear white flowers,
and oval-shaped fruit larger than a goose's egg, which
produce a red colour, and are eaten by the Indians with
impunity. In the deserts of Paraguay, I have often
traversed immense woods of cardones. The honey
which bees deposit in them is very famous in Europe.
Every part of the cardo is converted into medicinal uses,
both by the Europeans, and Americans. There are many
species of cardones, of strange, and monstrous forms.
Some creep on the ground, others stand upright. The
most remarkable is the large, thorny, Peruvian cereus,
which is twenty feet high, and one foot thick. Its trunk
has various corners, and channels, as it were, together
with knobs, and thorns. The bark is green, and the pulp
fleshy, and under it lies a ligneous substance, the pith of
which is white, and juicy. It bears but few flowers. If
you wish to know more of this cereus, it is to be seen in
the gardens of princes.
 VARIOUS SPECIES OF THE CARAQUATA.
Many species of this plant are commonly to be met
with in Paraguay. I will briefly mention those with which
I am best acquainted. The caraquatà guazù, or the
great caraquatà, is supported by a short thick root. It
consists of about twenty very thick leaves, dentated on
both sides, remarkably sharp, and about two feet in
length, in the midst of which rises a stalk, like a trunk,
five, and often more feet high. The top of it is crowned
with yellow flowers. The Indian women spin threads of
the fibres of the leaves, as others do of flax, or hemp,
and weave them into cords, cloths, and nets. But no
time, or art can make these threads perfectly white, nor
will they hold any colour with which they may be dyed.
Creditable authors write that in the province of Guayana
such beautiful stockings are woven of this same thread,
that they are sometimes preferred to silk ones in France
for strength, and softness. Another kind of caraquatà,
very like the former, is seen in the woods, but it cannot
be spun into threads. In the woods of Mbaèverà, the
Indian women who inhabit there make thread, and
garments, not of the caraquatà, but of the bark of the
tree pinô, after it has been properly cleaned: for the
webs woven of the thread of this bark, after being
exposed for sometime to the sun, and frequently
sprinkled with water, become beautifully white and will
retain any colour with which they are dyed, extremely
well. It is much to be lamented that this tree pinô is
found in the larger woods only, and is not to be seen in
many parts of Paraguay. Another caraquatà of a
different shape produces a kind of artichoke, or anana.
It bears fruit of a scarlet colour, and has plenty of seed
contained in a straight slender stalk. It is surrounded
with very large leaves, denticulated like a saw, and
pointing towards the ground, in the centre of which
travellers find a tolerable supply of very clear water, and
with it often quench their thirst in dry deserts, where
sometimes not a drop of water is to be found. Another
caraquatà with leaves very like a sword, and armed on
both sides with a threatening row of thorns, bears fruit
of a pale yellow within and without, full of black seeds,
and pregnant with an acidulated, and pleasant juice.
But to extricate this fruit from the many thorns, with
which the leaves that guard it are armed, without being
wounded, is the labour and the difficulty. Of this fruit
mixed with sugar a very wholesome drink, and an
excellent medicine for various diseases are made.
These, and other kinds of caraquatà are of great use to
the Americans. Planted around gardens, and the
buildings of estates, they, by their thorns, prevent all
secret, and improper access, more effectually than any
other kind of hedge, and will survive every inclemency
of the weather. Their leaves supply the place of flax in
making thread, as well as of tiles in covering temporary
huts, and their thorns serve for needles. Their leaves,
on being pricked, yield a thick juice which
washerwomen use for soap, and when boiled on the fire
are fit to be eaten. The Indians look upon the various
fruits of the caraquatà as food. From their leaves, when
scraped with a knife, flows a sweet liquor, which is
thickened on the fire, and condensed into sugar. This
liquor of the caraquatà, mixed in water with the seeds
of oranges, or lemons, undergoes a vinous
fermentation; exposed to the sun it turns to vinegar. By
what method, and in what cases, wounds and disorders
are healed by the juice of the caraquatà, would be long
to tell. A polypodium, preferable in the opinion of
physicians to any European one, grows on the
caraquatà.
 VARIOUS KINDS OF REEDS.
Both in marshy plains, and in the moister woods, you
see a great abundance and variety of reeds; some solid,
others hollow. Some are as thick as a man's thigh,
others scarce equal to his thumb: many which are
slenderer than a goose's quill, but full ten yards long,
entwine themselves about the neighbouring trees. You
commonly meet with reeds of such immense size, that
they supply the place of wood in building houses,
waggons, and ships, and if cut at proper times would
exceed it in hardness and durability. Some made very
large flagons, for the purpose of holding wine on a
journey, of these reeds, and they answered better than
glass, because less fragile. As various kinds of reeds
grow in various parts of the province, the Indians
ingeniously conjecture the name and country of their
savage foes who have been travelling the same way,
from the reed of an arrow which they may have
chanced to see on the road. We have often crossed
woods of wide extent bristling with continual reeds, and
have been obliged to pass the night there even, always
sleepless, always anxious; for as reeds generally delight
in a marshy soil, they are seminaries and abodes of
tykes, snakes, gnats and other insects, which are always
noisy and stinging, and never spare either the blood or
ears of strangers; especially on an impending calm. If a
violent wind comes on, the fire at which you sit, being
thereby scattered up and down, will set fire to the
reeds, which are covered with leaves, and you will be
burnt; for no means of extinguishing the flames are at
hand, and there are no opportunities of escape. Those
reeds which the Germans call Spanish canes, and the
Spaniards Indian ones, and which are used for walking-
sticks, never grow in Paraguay, though neither rare nor
precious in the provinces of North America.
 THE SUGAR-CANE.
The sugar-cane flourishes exceedingly in the hotter
territories towards the north, if properly cultivated. In
the month of August, at the end of winter that is, slips
of canes, about one or two feet long, are placed sloping
in furrows, at equal distances, and properly ploughed.
These gradually rot under ground, and from them a new
germ arises, which grows to the height of eight feet,
and is cut down in the space of about two months,
being perfectly ripe. The longer they are left in the field,
the sweeter and thicker becomes their juice, which is
afterwards expressed by various methods and machines
in America. In Paraguay, the canes, after being stripped
of their leaves, are cut into pieces a foot and a half in
length. These are thrust by the hand into two large
cylinders of very hard wood, which are turned round by
two oxen with the help of a great wooden wheel. The
juice squeezed out by the tight compression of the
cylinders, falls into a boat or cup placed beneath. It is
then boiled in a brass pan, more or less, according to
the various uses for which the sweet liquor is intended;
for if it be used in the same manner as honey, which
serves either for food or drink, it is less thickened on the
fire, and kept in skins, at the bottom of which, after the
liquid part is consumed, you find white crystallized
stones, made of the coagulated sugar, which is
commonly called the pure and natural sugar-candy; for
that yellow candied sugar so full of threads, which is
sold in shops, appears to be artificial. But if the liquor
expressed from the canes be intended for making sugar,
it must be boiled for a long time, and brought to a thick
mass. The oftener this is strained through an earthen
pan perforated at the bottom, and the longer it is
exposed to the sun, the more thoroughly it is purged of
the dregs, which flow off into a vessel placed beneath
the pan, and the whiter and better sugar it becomes. Of
these dregs the Spaniards make either coarser sugar, or
aqua vitæ, by liquefying it at the fire drop by drop. For
the same purpose others use the canes that have been
pressed by the cylinders, but have not had all their juice
entirely squeezed out. Observe, moreover, that the pans
in which that sweet liquor is daily exposed to the sun
are carefully covered with fresh moist mud. All the sugar
prepared in Paraguay, and the neighbouring Brazil, has
the appearance of wheat flour. That alone is used by the
Portugueze; it is transported from Lisbon, in ships, to
different places, and made as hard as a stone by aid of
chalk, or bull's blood. As the industry of the inhabitants
in Paraguay by no means answers to the fertility of the
soil, the sugar made there is rarely sufficient for that
province, so that no one thinks of exporting any from
thence. On the contrary, from the exquisite cultivation of
the sugar cane, Brazil derives immense wealth from
Europe; it is the chief strength of the Portugueze trade,
and a perpetual source of riches. The sugar cane differs
from the common reed no otherwise than in having
more joints, and a smaller space between each. It is
adorned with beautifully green and very large leaves,
especially at the top. It is about four inches thick.
Though the plant is seven or eight feet high, great part
of it towards the top is thrown away, being devoid of
juice, and very full of leaves. Sugar canes like a rich and
moist soil, nor will they grow much on hills, though well
watered. More earth must be heaped on the sugar cane
after it has been lately planted in the summer, less in
the winter, that it may not bud too much; for the more
leaves it bears the less juice it will yield. Weeds, which
suck up the moisture of the earth, must be carefully
extirpated. Moderate frosts are useful to the full grown
canes, because they thicken the sweet liquor;
immoderate ones do harm, because they exhaust it all.
Ants, which are destructive to the young canes, must be
carefully kept away. Many other arts, proper to be used
in the rearing and expression of canes, and the
converting of them into sugar, I choose to omit for the
sake of brevity. I have briefly described the principal
ones, that Europeans may be made thoroughly
acquainted with the origin of sugar, which they know so
well how to consume, and cease to wonder that these
reedy sweets, so laboriously prepared in America,
should often be sold at such an extravagant price in
Europe.
 BEES' HONEY.
Throughout the whole of Paraguay you see none of
those beehives the keeping of which is so troublesome
in Europe, because the various species of bees deposit
their excellent and copious honey either in hollow trees,
in the caverns of the earth, or in the open plain;
especially in those territories which enjoy a mild climate,
and are near to flowery plains. Honey differs both in
name and taste according to the different bees that
produce it, and the different times and places in which it
is produced. That which is concealed under ground the
Abipones call nahérek. In some places it is rather acid,
in others very sweet. A quantity sufficient to fill many
jugs is often dug out of one cave. That which is taken at
the beginning of spring from the tops of shrubs or high
grass is called by the Spaniards lechiguana. The
materials of which the cells of this honey consist are
very like blotting-paper, and are often of such extent
and circumference that you can hardly embrace them
with both arms. The honeycombs which certain wasps
build in Europe are constructed in much the same way.
The excellence of the lechiguana honey you may ascribe
to its being made of the first spring flowers, and if it
remains untouched for some months, and escapes the
eyes and hands of passers by, it hardens of itself, like
sugar, which it excels in sweetness. Moreover it has no
admixture of wax. Though various kinds of honey are
found under the earth, and in the plain, yet the principal
storehouses of the bees are the hollow trunks of lofty
trees. The Spaniards of St. Iago prefer to every other
kind that found on the cardones. With the Guaranies,
and all just estimators, the first place is given to the
eỹrobáña, the sweetest and most transparent of all
honey, which, when poured into a glass, could not be
distinguished from water. The same honey, if found on
the fragrant wood of the tree ybir̂ apayè is then
decidedly the best, and excels all other honey as the
sun does the lesser stars. In Paraguay, in the winter
months the Abipones think honey extremely
unwholesome, and carefully abstain from eating it. The
Spaniards of St. Iago go out in crowds to seek honey
and wax in distant woods; and after whitening it with
immense labour in the sun, sell it to the people of Peru
and Chili, with hardly moderate profits. To discover and
rifle the beehives concealed in the woods is a matter of
little difficulty to the Abipones, who, when the sky is
clear, and the sun bright, ride out on horseback into the
country. Being possessed of wonderfully quick eyesight,
they perceive the bees flying about, and leaving their
horse at the bank of a river, pursue them on foot till
they see what tree they enter: this they climb with all
the agility of apes, open a hole by way of a door, and as
a mark of the hive, take out the honey and wax into a
leathern bag, and carry it home, where their friends,
wives, and children soon consume these adventitious
sweets, either by eating them like ambrosia, or drinking
them like nectar. But if a general drinking-party be
appointed on any occasion, the honey they bring is
mixed with cold water, and stirred for a little while with
a stick; when, without addition of any other ferment, it
effervesces, froths, and becomes wine in the space of
some hours, and taken even in small quantities
intoxicates the Indians like very pure wine: for we have
found two or three cups sufficient to upset their
naturally imbecile minds. Wax is scarce ever used
amongst the Indians: for the fire, which is always kept
alive on the floor of the hut, serves to dress the food by
day, and supplies the place of a candle by night.
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