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viewport_clipping

Viewport clipping is a crucial process in computer graphics that removes parts of objects outside a defined viewing area to enhance rendering efficiency. Various clipping methods, including point, line, polygon, curve, and text clipping, utilize specific algorithms like Cohen-Sutherland and Sutherland-Hodgman to determine visibility. In 3D graphics, clipping occurs in clip space with defined near and far clipping planes, ensuring only relevant visuals are rendered.

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15 views

viewport_clipping

Viewport clipping is a crucial process in computer graphics that removes parts of objects outside a defined viewing area to enhance rendering efficiency. Various clipping methods, including point, line, polygon, curve, and text clipping, utilize specific algorithms like Cohen-Sutherland and Sutherland-Hodgman to determine visibility. In 3D graphics, clipping occurs in clip space with defined near and far clipping planes, ensuring only relevant visuals are rendered.

Uploaded by

bhattaraisahitya4
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Viewport Clipping in Computer Graphics

1. Introduction to Clipping

Clipping is a fundamental process in computer graphics used to remove parts of objects that lie
outside a specified viewing area. This improves rendering efficiency and ensures that only relevant
visuals are displayed.

Why Clipping is Important?

- Reduces rendering load and improves performance.

- Prevents unnecessary drawing outside the viewport.

- Ensures correct visualization within a defined screen space.

2. Types of Clipping

2.1 Point Clipping

Point clipping checks whether a given point lies within the viewport boundaries.

Example:

If the viewport is defined by boundaries:

- Xmin = 10, Xmax = 100

- Ymin = 10, Ymax = 100

A point (x, y) is visible if:

Xmin <= x <= Xmax and Ymin <= y <= Ymax

2.2 Line Clipping

Line clipping determines whether a line segment is visible, partially visible, or completely outside the
viewport.
Cohen-Sutherland Algorithm

This algorithm assigns a region code to each endpoint and determines visibility.

Steps:

1. Compute region codes for endpoints.

2. Apply bitwise AND operation:

- If result is not 0 -> Line is fully outside.

- If both codes are 0000 -> Line is fully inside.

3. If partially visible, compute intersections and clip.

Liang-Barsky Algorithm

This algorithm uses parameterized equations to clip efficiently.

Steps:

1. Represent the line parametrically: X = X1 + t(X2 - X1), Y = Y1 + t(Y2 - Y1)

2. Find intersections using t-parameter.

3. Clip based on t-values.

2.3 Polygon Clipping

Sutherland-Hodgman Algorithm (for convex polygons)

Steps:

1. Process polygon edges one by one.

2. Clip against each viewport boundary.

3. Output final clipped polygon.

Weiler-Atherton Algorithm (for concave polygons)

Steps:

1. Identify intersections.

2. Retain necessary polygon portions.


3. Handle concave edges efficiently.

2.4 Curve Clipping

Used to clip Bézier and spline curves.

Steps:

1. Convert curves into smaller segments.

2. Apply line clipping methods.

3. Approximate curve clipping.

2.5 Text Clipping

Ensures that only visible parts of text appear inside the viewport.

Methods:

- All-or-Nothing Clipping - Text is drawn only if entirely inside.

- Character Clipping - Individual characters clipped at viewport edges.

- Bitmapped Clipping - Uses pixel-based masking.

3. Clipping in 3D Graphics

In 3D, clipping happens in clip space after transformations.

- Near and Far Clipping Planes define the depth range.

- GPUs efficiently handle 3D clipping during rasterization.

Steps:

1. Apply perspective projection.

2. Clip against frustum boundaries.

3. Rasterize visible fragments.

4. Conclusion

Viewport clipping optimizes rendering, enhances performance, and ensures proper visualization.
Algorithms like Cohen-Sutherland, Liang-Barsky, and Sutherland-Hodgman efficiently handle
different clipping scenarios.

Appendix: Figures and Charts

(Diagrams explaining each algorithm, example solutions, and charts illustrating clipping processes
will be provided in the final PDF.)

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