#include<iostream> value = “Ugly”;

using namespace std; break;}

Basics Do-While Statement

int x=5 ==> double y = x/2; // equals 2.0 First iteration always run!!
do { statement 2;}
double z = x/2.0; // equals 2.5
while (condition1); // Don’t forget the semicolon
cout.setf(ios::fixed);
cout.precision(2); //把小数精确到两位
&& “and”; || “or” Scoping
De Morgan’s laws 所有的变量只存在在属于他们的{ }里
! (A||B) ==> !A && !B Variables declared outside the function do not exist
! (A&&B) ==> !A || !B inside the function unless they are global variables
static_cast<double>(total)/nscores ==> 两个 int 转
换为 double **Convert String to Int
string number = “125”; int result =0;
int multiplier = 1;
String
for (int i = number.size()-1; i>=0; i—) {
#include <cstring>
result += (number[i] - ‘0’)*multiplier;
string s = “Hello”; multiplier*=10;}
cout<<s.size(); ==> writes 5 return result;
cout<<s[4]; ==>writes o
s[6]; ==> Undefined behavior Array
cin.ignore(10000, ‘\n’) [前一个 cin numbers，现在 Declare an array:
想 input string] const int NUMBER_OF_MONTH = 12;
Substring: string s = “duplicate”; int daysInMonth[NUMBER_OF_MONTH]; [array size
s.substr(5,3); //writes cat has to be a constant]
int arr[] = {1,2,3};
#include <cctype>
isdigit (char xx) //true if it is a digit CString
islower (ch) // ‘a’ ‘b’ #define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS //can use
isupper (ch)// ‘A’ ‘B’ both cstring and c++string
isalpha (ch) //是否是 2 字母 不论大小写 #include <cstring>
toupper (ch) //转换成大写 不是字母就什么都不改变 Declare CString:
char t[10]= “Ghost”; // 'G' 'h' 'o' 's' 't' '\0'
Compare String char s[100] =“”;
Ghostwriter < Ghoul (s has a lower value than u, b/c s
is early than u) //the length of string is irrelevant; only read in a c string: cin.getline(s, 100); //tells the
find the first mismatch and compare the alphabetical number of characters the array can store
order
strlen(t); // outputs 5
Switch Statement strcpy(s,t) //copy t to s
The value tested must be an integral type (e.g. int, strcat(s, “!!!”); // now s is “Ghost!!!"
char, short, long, etc.) not string strcmp(a,b); //returns a int == negative if a comes
switch (number) { before b; 0 if they are equal; positive if a comes after
case 0: b alphabetically
case 2: string s2 = t; // initialize a c++string with a c string
value = “Good”; string s = “hello”;
break; f(s.c_str()); //look c++string in a c string’s way
case 3:
value = “Bad”; Is a equal to b?
break; wrong: if (strcmp(a,b)) //actually yields the opposite
default: result
right: if (strcomp(a,b)==0);
 {int total = 0;
string s=“Hello"; for (int k=0; k<n; k++)
f(s);//won't compile! s is a C++ string, not a C string {if (strlen(a[1]) == targetLength)
f(s.c_str());//OK total++;}
return total;}
char t[10]=“Ghost";
s=t;//s is now Ghost void eraseChar(char str[], char c){
s=“Wow"; int x = 0;
r=s;//won't compile while(str[x] != ‘\0’){
t=s.c_str();//won't compile if(str[x]==c){
for(int y = x;str[y]!=0;y++)
strcpy(t,s.c_str());//t is now Wow
str[y] = str[y + 1];
else
N-dimensional array
x++;}
double meanForADay(const a[][NWEEKS], int nRows,
}
int dayNumber) // except for the first array, it has to
know how many entries are in the following arrays

int countLength(const char a[]

[MAX_WORD_LENGTH+1], int n, int targetLength)