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File System Management Optimization

The document provides an overview of user interfaces, focusing on keyboard and mouse input technologies. It details the functioning of input software, including raw and canonical modes for keyboard input, and explains mouse technology, including mechanical, optical, and wireless types. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of these interfaces in enhancing human-computer interaction and productivity.

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T2.07. Trần Văn Đạt
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5 views

File System Management Optimization

The document provides an overview of user interfaces, focusing on keyboard and mouse input technologies. It details the functioning of input software, including raw and canonical modes for keyboard input, and explains mouse technology, including mechanical, optical, and wireless types. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of these interfaces in enhancing human-computer interaction and productivity.

Uploaded by

T2.07. Trần Văn Đạt
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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USER INTERFACES:

KEYBOARD, MOUSE
GROUP 5 - OSG202
01 INTRODUCTION 04 MOUSE SOFTWARE

TABLE OF
CONTENT 02 05
INPUT SOFTWARE FILE-SYSTEM
BACKUP

03 06
KEYBOARD FILE-SYSTEM
SOFTWARE CONSISTENCY
INTRODUCTION TO
USER INTERFACES
Every general-purpose computer has a keyboard and
monitor (sometimes a mouse) for user interaction.
These devices work closely together to facilitate input
and output.
In mainframes, multiple remote users use terminals
(keyboard + display unit).
INPUT SOFTWARE
INPUT SOFTWARE
• User input mainly comes from the keyboard and mouse (sometimes
touchscreens).
• The keyboard has an embedded microprocessor that communicates
with the parentboard via a serial port or USB.
• Each key press and release generates an interrupt, and the
keyboard driver extracts the corresponding information.
INPUT SOFTWARE
• Most processing is handled by software, making it largely
hardware-independent.
• Command-line interfaces (CLI) are commonly used by
programmers, while graphical interfaces will be discussed later.
• Touchscreens function as both input and output devices and are
covered in the output section.
KEYBOARD SOFTWARE
INTRODUCTION TO INPUT MODES

Input from keyboard, mouse, and touchscreen.


The keyboard operates through an embedded processor, sending
signals to the operating system.
Two main input processing modes: Raw Mode (Character-Oriented) and
Canonical Mode (Line-Oriented).
SCAN CODES VS. ASCII CODES
The number in the I/O register is the scan code, not the ASCII code.
Keyboards usually have fewer than 128 keys, requiring only 7 bits to
represent a key number.
The 8th bit indicates whether the key is pressed (0) or released (1).
The driver determines whether a key is lowercase, uppercase, or
combined with CTRL, ALT, or SHIFT.
RAW MODE VS. CANONICAL MODE

RAW MODE (CHARACTER-ORIENTED)


The driver sends raw ASCII sequences to user programs.
Allows advanced text editors like Emacs to customize input handling.

CANONICAL MODE (LINE-ORIENTED)


The driver buffers an entire line before passing it to a program.
Supports editing features like backspace (ERASE), line deletion
(KILL), and special commands.
SPECIAL CHARACTERS IN
CANONICAL MODE

• CTRL-H (ERASE): Deletes the last typed character.


• CTRL-U (KILL): Deletes the entire input line.
• CTRL-V (LNEXT): Treats the next character as literal input.
• CTRL-S (STOP) & CTRL-Q (START): Pause/resume screen output.
SPECIAL CHARACTERS IN
CANONICAL MODE

• DEL (INTR): Sends an interrupt signal (SIGINT) to terminate a process.


• CTRL-\ (QUIT): Sends SIGQUIT to terminate a process and dump core.
• CTRL-D (EOF): Signals the end of input (EOF).
• CTRL-M (CR) & CTRL-J (NL): Carriage return and line feed (unchangeable).
HANDLING USER INPUT IN
OPERATING SYSTEMS

• Echoing: Characters typed by users appear on the screen.


• The driver must handle overwriting, wrapping text, and tab spacing.
• Different systems handle Enter key differently:
• UNIX: Converts Enter to line feed (LF).
• Windows: Converts Enter to carriage return (CR) + line feed (LF).
MOUSE SOFTWARE
MOUSE TECHONOLOGY

MECHANICAL MOUSE:
Uses a rubber ball that rotates as the mouse moves.
Internal rollers detect movement along the x and y axes.

OPTICAL MOUSE:
Uses light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and photodetectors to track
movement. Modern versions use image-processing chips.
WIRELESS MOUSE:
Functions like a wired mouse but transmits data via
Bluetooth or other wireless protocols.
MOUSE TECHONOLOGY

MOUSE DATA TRANSMISSION:


Sends messages containing changes in position
(Δx, Δy) and button status.

MICKEY UNIT:
The smallest measurable movement of a mouse
(about 0.1 mm).
CLICK TYPES:
Single clicks and double clicks are distinguished by
software based on time and space thresholds.
CONCLUSION
The user interface, mouse, and software enhance human-computer interaction by enabling
precise navigation and customization. Modern mice offer advanced sensors and wireless
connectivity, while software allows personalized settings for efficiency. As technology
evolves, these tools will continue to improve usability and productivity.
QUESTION
1. Which type of mouse uses a rubber
ball inside to detect movement?
A. Optical mouse
B. Mechanical mouse
C. Wireless mouse
D. Touch mouse
1. Which type of mouse uses a rubber
ball inside to detect movement?
A. Optical mouse
B. Mechanical mouse
C. Wireless mouse
D. Touch mouse
2. In an operating system, what is
the smallest unit of distance that
a mouse can move?
A. Pixel
B. Inch
C. Mickey
D. DPI
2. In an operating system, what is
the smallest unit of distance that
a mouse can move?
A. Pixel
B. Inch
C. Mickey
D. DPI
3. How do modern optical
mice detect movement?
A. By tracking grid lines on the mouse pad
B. Using rollers to record position changes
C. By using an image sensor and processing continuous
images
D. By detecting surface temperature changes
3. How do modern optical
mice detect movement?
A. By tracking grid lines on the mouse pad
B. Using rollers to record position changes
C. By using an image sensor and processing continuous
images
D. By detecting surface temperature changes
4. When a mouse sends signals to
the computer, what information is
transmitted?
A. The absolute coordinates of the mouse on the screen
B. The relative changes in x and y coordinates along with
button states
C. The screen resolution and refresh rate
D. The pointer position relative to the current window
4. When a mouse sends signals to
the computer, what information is
transmitted?
A. The absolute coordinates of the mouse on the screen
B. The relative changes in x and y coordinates along with
button states
C. The screen resolution and refresh rate
D. The pointer position relative to the current window
5. In UNIX-based systems, which
software is used to manage
keyboard and mouse input?
A. Termcap
B. X Window System
C. BIOS
D. DOS
THANK YOU

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