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Chapter 2 Summary Notes

Chapter 2 of ECEG-2121 covers DC Circuit Analysis, focusing on Nodal and Mesh Analysis techniques. It outlines the steps for analyzing circuits with independent and dependent sources, including the formation of supernodes and supermeshes. Examples are provided to illustrate the application of these methods in determining voltages and currents in circuits.

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22 views

Chapter 2 Summary Notes

Chapter 2 of ECEG-2121 covers DC Circuit Analysis, focusing on Nodal and Mesh Analysis techniques. It outlines the steps for analyzing circuits with independent and dependent sources, including the formation of supernodes and supermeshes. Examples are provided to illustrate the application of these methods in determining voltages and currents in circuits.

Uploaded by

fenotabera1233
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ECEG-2121: Fundamentals of Circuits Chapter 2: DC Circuit Analysis

2. DC Circuit Analysis
2.1. Nodal Analysis

Case 1: Nodal analysis with independent current sources


Steps
1. Identify the nodes.
2. Select one node as the reference node (The reference node is commonly called
the ground since it is assumed to have zero potential).
3. Assign nodal voltages v1,v2,...,vn− 1 to the remaining n − 1 non-reference
nodes. The voltages are referenced with respect to the reference node.
4. Apply KCL to each of the non-reference nodes. Use Ohm’s law to express the
branch currents in terms of nodal voltages. Remember: Current flows from a
higher potential to a lower potential in a resistor.
5. Solve the resulting simultaneous equations to obtain the unknown node
voltages using any standard method, such as the substitution method, the
elimination method, Cramer’s rule, or matrix inversion.

Case 2: Nodal analysis with dependent current sources:

The steps are similar to Case 1.


Additional Step: Write the controlling variable of the dependent source in terms of
nodal voltages.

Case 3: Nodal analysis with independent voltage sources.


There are two possibilities.

1. If a voltage source is connected between the reference node and a non reference
node, we simply set the voltage at the non reference node equal to the voltage of
the voltage source.
2. If the voltage source is connected between two non reference nodes, the two non
reference nodes form a supernode; we apply both KCL and KVL to determine the
nodal voltages.

A supernode is formed by enclosing a voltage source connected


between two non-reference nodes and any elements connected in
parallel with it.

Note the following properties of a supernode:


1. The voltage source inside the supernode provides a constraint equation needed to
solve for the node voltages.
2. A supernode has no voltage of its own.
3. A supernode requires the application of both KCL and KVL.

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ECEG-2121: Fundamentals of Circuits Chapter 2: DC Circuit Analysis

Case 4: Nodal analysis with dependent voltage sources.

The steps are similar to Case 3.


Additional Step: Write the controlling variable of the dependent source in terms of nodal
voltages.

Examples:
1. Obtain the nodal voltages and the power supplied by the current sources and the
power dissipated by the 6Ω resistor.

2. Find io and the power supplied by the 4A current source in the circuit below using
nodal analysis

3. Find the current through the voltage sources , v and i in the circuit below using
nodal analysis.

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ECEG-2121: Fundamentals of Circuits Chapter 2: DC Circuit Analysis
4. Determine v1 and V2

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ECEG-2121: Fundamentals of Circuits Chapter 2: DC Circuit Analysis

2.2. MESH ANALYSIS

Case 1: Mesh analysis with independent voltage sources


Steps 1. Identify the meshes.
: 2. Assign mesh currents i1,i2,...,in to the n meshes.
3. Apply KVL to each of the n meshes. Use Ohm’s law to express the voltages in
terms of the mesh currents.
4. Solve the resulting n simultaneous equations to get the mesh currents.

Case 2: Mesh analysis with dependent voltage sources:


The steps are similar to Case 1.
Additional Step: Write the controlling variable of the dependent source in terms of
mesh currents.

Case 3: Mesh analysis with independent current sources.


There are two possibilities.

1. When a current source exists only in one mesh, we simply set the mesh current at
that mesh equal to the current of the current source.
2. When a current source exists between two meshes, we create a supermesh by
excluding the current source and any elements connected in series with it. We
apply both KVL and KCL to determine the mesh currents.

A supermesh results when two meshes have a current source in


common.
Note the following properties of a supermesh:
1. The current source in the supermesh is not completely ignored; it provides the
constraint equation necessary to solve for the mesh currents.
2. A supermesh has no current of its own.
3. A supermesh requires the application of both KVL and KCL.

Case 4: Mesh analysis with dependent current sources. The steps are similar
to Case 3.
Additional Step: Write the controlling variable of the dependent source in terms of nodal
voltages.

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ECEG-2121: Fundamentals of Circuits Chapter 2: DC Circuit Analysis

Examples:
5. Calculate the mesh currents i1 and i2, the power supplied by the voltage
sources, the power dissipated by the 12 Ω resistor in the circuit below.

6. Find vo and io in the circuit below using mesh analysis

7. Determine v0 and the current passing through the 8Ω and 4Ω resisters using
mesh analysis

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