MODULE 6:

IT CULTURE AND
SOCIETY

LESSON 1:
INTERNET OF THINGS
 Understanding IT Culture
and the Society:
The Impact of the Internet of
Things
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Technology is rapidly transforming our lives in countless
ways. One significant advancement shaping our future is the
Internet of Things (IoT), which connects everyday objects to
the internet, allowing them to send and receive data. This
connectivity is changing how we interact with our
environment, manage tasks, and even how businesses
operate. In this text, we will explore the concept of IoT, its
importance, its benefits and challenges, and its implications
for society.
What is the Internet of Things?
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network
of physical objects that are connected to
the internet and can exchange data with
other devices and systems. IoT devices,
also called "smart objects", are
embedded with sensors, software, and
other technologies.
 EXAMPLES OF INTERNET OF THINGS

SMART THERMOSTAT

a Wi-Fi enabled device that automatically adjusts heating and cooling temperature settings
in your home for optimal performance.

Smart thermostats regulate your home's temperature based on feedback from occupancy,
temperature, and proximity sensors—making them a great energy-efficient home
improvement.
 KITCHEN APPLIANCES:
SAMSUNG
RS64T5F01B4 SMART
FRIDGE
is a cutting-edge, 23.2 cu.ft. side-by-side refrigerator featuring SmartThings and Ring
integration for convenient control of smart appliances and IoT devices. It includes a ‘View
Inside’ camera for monitoring contents remotely via smartphone, with functionality for
tracking expiration dates and list-making. This model combines stylish design with a built-in
look, flat doors, minimal dispenser, and recessed handles, seamlessly integrating into
modern kitchen aesthetics.
 HOME SECURITY SYSTEM
Home security systems are used to protect against burglaries and
theft, and they often include entryway sensors, motion sensors,
security cameras, and a central base station.
 The Working
Mechanism of IoT
An IoT ecosystem consists of interconnected devices that use
embedded systems—such as processors, sensors, and communication
hardware—to gather and share data. When a device collects
information from its surroundings, it sends this data to an IoT gateway
or the cloud for analysis. This process often occurs without human
intervention, allowing the devices to act on the information they gather
automatically.
The use of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning further
enhances IoT functionality by making data collection and analysis
more efficient. In this way, IoT devices learn from the data they
collect, leading to improved performance and smarter decision-
making.
Why is IoT
Important?
IoT offers significant advantages for both individuals and businesses.
For individuals, these smart devices help create a more streamlined
and controlled living environment. They can automate tasks, save time,
and contribute to energy efficiency. For businesses, IoT provides
valuable insights into operations, allowing for better decision-making,
reduced costs, and improved customer experience.
IoT's ability to monitor and analyze operations in real-time enables
companies to optimize their processes, leading to increased
productivity and reduced waste. For instance, manufacturers can track
machine performance to identify issues before they escalate, allowing
for timely maintenance and minimizing downtime.
The Evolution of IoT
The concept of IoT has evolved over the years, starting with simple
devices and growing into a complex network of interconnected
systems. In 1990, the first IoT device was created: a toaster that could
be controlled via a computer. The term "Internet of Things" was
coined in 1999 by Kevin Ashton, who envisioned a system where
sensors act as the eyes and ears of computers. As technology
advanced, more devices became interconnected, leading to the smart
home revolution in the 2010s.
By 2020, it was estimated that there were over 20 billion internet-
connected devices worldwide. This surge in connectivity reflects the
growing trend towards automation and the increasing demand for
smart technologies in daily life.
 2010 Tony Fadell founds Nest,
1990 John Romkey creates the
maker of the smart thermostat
first IoT device: a toaster that he
controls with his computer
2013 Oxford Dictionary adds the
1999 Kevin Ashton coins the term “internet of things”
term “internet of things” to 2014 Amazon introduces the
describe the eyes and ears of a Echo speaker, along with the
computer Alexa voice assistant—a new way
2000 LG introduces its first to control the smart home
connected refrigerator with a 2016 The Mirai botnet infects
$20,000 pricetag over 600,000 IoT devices with
malware
2008 The world’s first IoT
conference is held in Zurich, 2020 The number of internet-
Switzerland connected devices, by some
estimates, exceeds 20 billion
What is an IoT malware?
IoT malware is malicious software designed to target Internet of Things
(IoT) devices, such as smart home devices, routers, and toasters. IoT
malware can take many forms, including viruses, worms, trojans, spyware,
and rootkits.
IoT malware can cause a range of harmful effects, including:
Stealing data: Spyware can covertly collect sensitive data.
Disrupting device functions: Malware can disrupt device functions.
Physical harm: Malware can cause physical harm.
DDoS attacks: Malware can be used to create botnets that launch
distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks.
Redirecting users to malicious websites: DNS changers can change WiFi
DNS settings to redirect users to malicious websites.
 ADVANTAGES OF IoT DISADVANTAGES OF IoT

Benefits and
Challenges of IoT Access to Information: IoT devices Security Risks: The increase in
allow users to access information connected devices raises concerns about
from anywhere and at any time, the potential for hacking and data
enhancing convenience. breaches.
While IoT presents
numerous benefits, there Improved Communication: Smart
Data Management: Businesses may
struggle to manage the vast amounts of
are also challenges devices communicate seamlessly
with each other, providing a more
data generated by IoT devices, leading to
potential inefficiencies.
associated with its integrated experience.

implementation.
Compatibility Issues: The lack of
Automation: By automating tasks,
standardized protocols may hinder
IoT can improve service quality and
communication between devices from
reduce the need for human
different manufacturers.
intervention.
 Looking ahead, the future of IoT appears promising, with
advancements in technology paving the way for even more
sophisticated applications. As the number of connected devices
continues to rise, we may see the emergence of "smart cities" that
optimize resource management and enhance urban living.
Autonomous vehicles, smart healthcare solutions, and advanced

The Future
agricultural techniques are just a few areas where IoT can
significantly impact society.
However, as we embrace this connected future, it is crucial to

of IoT address the challenges that come with it, particularly concerning
security and privacy. Ensuring that IoT devices are secure and that
user data is protected will be paramount in building trust and
fostering widespread adoption.
In conclusion, the Internet of Things is revolutionizing how
we live and work, offering remarkable benefits while also
presenting notable challenges. Understanding and
navigating this technology will be essential for individuals,
businesses, and society as a whole as we move into an
increasingly connected world.