Electronics and Information Technology Degree Program

IIT12402 Electronics Components Laboratory Exercises

Lab No – Operation Amplifier-01

Laboratory performed on

07/01/2025

Nirzor Deb Opi

Id-e2401813

Partners: 1. Saif Reza

2. Kazi Maksud-Ul Mahin

Team: C
Class: IT-2024
Date: 05/02/2025
______________________________________
 Lab 1

Operation Amplifier-01
Abstract

An operational amplifier, or op-amp, is an electronic device used to amplify weak electrical signals. It has two input
terminals—one called the inverting input (−) and the other the non-inverting input (+)—and one output terminal. The op-
amp increases the difference between the voltages at its two inputs and produces a stronger output signal. It is commonly
used in circuits for tasks like amplifying audio signals, filtering, and performing mathematical operations such as addition,
subtraction, integration, and differentiation. Op-amps are important because they make electronic devices more efficient and
versatile.

I. Introduction

The objective of this laboratory exercise is to learn to use properly each test instrument at the lab. We used four digital
instruments during this lab: the 15Volt DC power supply, the function generator, the digital multimeter, the HP 54600A
digitizing oscilloscope and LM 741 operational amplifier. We learned the correct method of measuring physical quantities
(voltage, current, resistance) with the digital multimeter, the correct method of measuring voltage with the oscilloscope, the
correct method of producing desired waveforms with the function generator, and the correct method of obtaining desired DC
voltages from the DC power supply.

II. Exp8erimental Results

3.1. The Inverting Operational Amplifier:

In this experiment, we examined the role of the first inverter operation amplifier 3.1. We connected the 15V power supply in
our experiment and then used the function generator to obtain the more accurate value of our experiment. We then
connected the DC power supply to the oscilloscope and measured the voltage using the two methods. The output voltage
was 1.07 V using the 9.9 KHz frequency. In this inverter, we used 2 resistors which values 1K ohm and 1K Ohm. We used
the names of the resistors respectively R1 and R2. One resistor is connected to the negative side of the inverter amplifier,
and the ground is connected to the positive side of the inverter amplifier. The output result is shown in figures 2 and 3.

Figure 1: Inverting amplifier

 Figure 2: The result in the Oscilloscope of 3.1

Figure 3: The result in the Function Generator of 3.1

3.3. The Non-Inverting Operational Amplifier:

In this experiment, we examined the role of the non- inverter operation amplifier 3.2. We connected the 15V power supply
in our experiment and then used the function generator to obtain the more accurate value of our experiment. We then
connected the DC power supply to the oscilloscope and measured the voltage using the two methods. The output voltage
was 10.86 V using the 9.9 KHz frequency. In this inverter, we used 3 resistors which are valued as 1K ohm,1K Ohm and
10K Ohm. We used the names of the resistors respectively R1, R2 and R3. One resistor R1 is connected to the negative side
of the inverter amplifier, and another resistor is connected with the positive side of the amplifier which goes to the ground.
The output result is shown in figure 2.
 Figure 1. Non-Inverting amplifier

Figure 2: The result in the Oscilloscope of 3.2

3.4. Comparator Circuit:

In this last experiment, we examined the role of the Comparator Circuit. We set the power supply to provide 15V. We also
set ideal voltage from (0-5) V for the experiment and then used the multimeter to obtain the more accurate value of our
experiment. In this experiment we used two resistors, 10Kohm and 15Kohm. We give the name of the resistor R1 and R2
respectively. From this experiment we get a comparison voltage which is 3.055V. We have also calculated input voltage and
output voltage from the experiment which is given in figure no 2.

Figure 1: Comparator
 Figure 2: The results of Comparator (Experiment - 3.3)

III. Analysis

3.1. The Inverting Operational Amplifier:

The inverting operational amplifier configuration follows the principle:

Voltage (Output)=-(R2/R1) *Voltage (Input)

From the experiment, the resistor values used were:

R1=1 K ohm
R2=1 K ohm

Substituting these values into the equation:

Voltage (Output)= -(1 K ohm/1 K ohm) *Voltage (Input)= -1 Voltage (Input)

So, the experimental results confirmed that we got the same result as the manual calculation.

3.2. The Non-inverting Operational Amplifier:

For a non-inverting operational amplifier, the voltage gain is given by:

Voltage (Output)=(1+R2/R1) Voltage (Input)

With resistor values:

R1= 1 K ohm
R2= 10 K ohm

The theoretical gain calculation:

Voltage (Output)= (1+ 10 K ohm/1 K ohm) Voltage (Input)= 11 V

We get 10.86 V from the experiment which is nearly close to 11V.

3.4. Comparator Circuit:

A comparator compares two input voltages:

Non-inverting input (+): The input signal.

Inverting input (-): A reference voltage set by R1 and R2.

The output behaves as follows:

If 𝑉+>𝑉−, the output saturates to +15V (high state).

If 𝑉+<𝑉−, the output saturates to -15V (low state).

The resistors R1=10kΩ and R2=15kΩ form a voltage divider to set the reference voltage at the inverting terminal:

𝑉−=𝑉(𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑦)×(𝑅2/𝑅1+𝑅2)
𝑉−=15×(15k/10k+15k) = 9V

Case 1: V +(Input) = 0V to 6V

Since V+<9V, the output goes to -15V (low state).

Case 2: V +(Input) = 6V to 0V

The output remains at -15V because V +<9V.

Case 3: V +(Input) = 6V to 9V and beyond

When V +exceeds 9V, the output switches to +15V (high state).

Final Explanation:

Below 9V, output is -15V.

Above 9V, output is +15V.

IV. Conclusion
In this laboratory exercise we learned to use the instruments at the lab station. These instruments include: The function
generator, the digitizing oscilloscope, the multimeter, and the DC power supply. The most fundamental concept learned in
this lab is the Inverting Amplifier, Non-Inverting Amplifier and Comparator Circuit. The inverting amplifier accurately
inverted the input signal with a gain determined by the resistor ratio. The non-inverting amplifier provided a positive gain as
expected, amplifying the input signal with minimal distortion. The comparator circuit successfully differentiated between
input voltage levels, producing sharp transitions when the input crossed the reference voltage.

Overall, the results confirm that operational amplifiers are highly versatile components in analog electronics, offering
precise signal amplification and voltage comparison functionalities. The experiment reinforces the theoretical understanding
of op-amp circuits and their practical applications in electronic systems.