ADC Question Bank

Long Answer Questions

UNIT-1
1. Explain Amplitude modulation with necessary expressions, waveforms and spectrum if modulating
signal is an arbitrary baseband signal as m(t).
2. Find the modulation index, modulating signal frequency and carrier frequency of the given AM signal
as given below
s(t) = 10[1+0.5Cos(2000πt)] Cos(20000πt)
3. Explain the operation of square law modulator with circuit diagram and waveforms.
4. Explain the operation of switching modulator with circuit diagram and waveforms.
5. Describe the working principle of Envelope detector with the help of relevant diagrams and equations.
6. Define is modulation index? Derive overall modulation index in case of multi tone Amplitude modulation.
7. Calculate the power of an AM transmitter if unmodulated carrier power is 1KW and modulation depth
is 60 %.
8. Derive the equation for Figure of Merit of AM System
9. a) Discuss the main objectives of a communication system design? What are the primary resources of
any communication system?
b) Draw the block diagram of a communication system and explain each block elaborately.
10. a) Derive equation for overall modulation index in Amplitude Modulation
b) Find the overall modulation index, modulating signal frequencies and carrier frequency of the given
AM signal as given below
s(t) = 10[1+0.5Cos(2000πt) Cos(1000πt)]] Cos(20000πt)
11. a) Name the list of AM detectors and describe AM detection with the help of Envelop detector.
b) The output power of an AM transmitter is 1KW when sinusoidally modulated to a depth of 100%.
Calculate the power in each side band when the modulation depth is reduced to 50%.

UNIT-2
1. Describe the working principle of balanced modulator with the help of relevant diagrams and
equations.
2. Describe the working principle of Ring modulator with the help of relevant diagrams and equations.
3. Explain power saving in DSB-SC modulation compared to AM
4. Explain Quadrature null effect in DSB-SC detection and explain how that can be avoided
5. Explain Filter method of generating SSB signal
6. Explain Phase-shift method of generating SSB signal
7. Explain SSB demodulation technique and explain phase distortion due to phase 
 UNNIT-3
1. What is Angle modulation? What are different types of Angle modulation and explain?
2. Derive the standard equation for frequency modulation
3. Derive the equation for single-tone frequency modulation
4. What are the Different types Frequency Discriminators and explain? Explain in Detail balanced
frequency Discriminator?
5. a) Explain the operation of Ratio Detector.
b) Write Merits and Demerits of Ratio Detector
6. a) With Necessary Expressions and Waveforms Explain NBFM.
b) An angle modulated signal has the form v(t) = 100 cos (2πfct+4 sin 2000πt) when fc=10 MHz.
Calculate the Bandwidth, Determine average transmitted power.
7. a) Explain in detail WBFM. Also Explain Carson’s Rule?
b) Compute the bandwidth requirement for the transmission of FM Signal having a frequency deviation
75 KHz and an audio bandwidth 15KHz.
8. a) What is the Direct Method of FM Generation Technique? Explain in detail?
b) What is Pre-emphasis and De-emphasis explain its Significance?
9. a) What is the Indirect Method of FM Generation Technique? Explain in detail?
b) Compare narrow band FM and wideband FM
10. a) With necessary expressions and waveforms Explain in detail about Threshold effect in FM?
b) Compare between AM and FM systems

UNIT-4
1. What is Pulse amplitude modulation and explain the generation and detection of PAM signal.
2. Explain the generation of PWM with a neat block diagram and necessary figures.
3. Explain the PPM generation from PWM with a neat block diagram and necessary figures.
4. Draw the circuit of PPM demodulator and explain the operation.
5. Explain the four channel time division multiplexing system with block diagram and waveforms.
6. Describe the synchronization procedure for PAM, PWM and PPM signals
7. Explain PCM system with the help of block diagram.
8. Derive the Signal to Quantization Noise ratio in PCM system
9. Explain working of DM with the help of necessary diagrams
10. a) Explain slope overload error and granular error present in delta modulation system. Derive the
conditions to overcome these errors.
b) Describe Adaptive delta modulation.
11. a) Derive expression for Signal to Quantization noise ratio in DM system
b) Compare PCM and DPCM
 UNIT-5
1. i) Explain ASK modulation and demodulation with the help of neat block diagram and waveforms.
ii) Plot ASK modulated wave taking modulating wave m(t) as 1 0 0 1 and carrier as Cos(wt)
2. i) Explain PSK modulation and demodulation with the help of neat block diagram and waveforms.
ii) Plot PSK modulated wave taking modulating wave m(t) as 1 0 1 1 and carrier as Cos(wt)
3. i) Explain FSK modulation and demodulation with the help of neat block diagram and waveforms.
ii) Plot FSK modulated wave taking modulating wave m(t) as 0 1 1 0 and carrier as Cos(wt)
4. a) Compare ASK, PSK and FSK
b) Assume that 3600 bits/sec data is sent over a pass band channel by FSK signaling scheme. Find the
transmission bandwidth.
5. A voice signal is sampled at the rate of 5000samples/sec and each sample is encoded into 5-bitsUsing
PCM system. The binary data is transmitted into free space after modulation. Determine the bandwidth
of the modulated signal, if the modulation used is
a) ASK
b) PSK
c) FSK where f1=8 MHz f2=6MHz
6. Derive the expression of Bit error Probability in Digital modulation systems
7. Derive the expression of Bit error Probability in ASK System
8. Derive the expression of Bit error Probability in PSK System
9. Derive the expression of Bit error Probability in FSK System
 Question Bank
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
Analog and Digital Communications
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UNIT I & UNIT II

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. Draw the block diagram of communication system
2. Define modulation. Why is the need of modulation?
3. Define amplitude modulation and draw the single tone AM signal waveform.
4. Define is modulation index? Derive overall modulation index in case of multi tone
modulation.
5. Describe the DSB-SC wave modulation with spectrum?
6. What is quadrature null effect
7. Name the applications of all amplitude modulation schemes.
8. What are the disadvantages of AM, DSB-SC
9. What are the advantages of SSB over other AM schemes
10. Derive the relation between current and power in AM scheme.
11. Describe SSB modulation with the help of spectrum?
12. Draw the spectrum of VSB modulated signal?
13. What are the methods for SSB generation?
14. Write the expression for SSB and VSB Waves.
15. Derive the expression for the total power required in AM.
16. Demonstrate power saving in DSB-SC compared to AM
17. Demonstrate power saving in SSB compared to AM.
18. Name the some AM detectors.
19. Name the some DSB-SC modulators.

UNIT III
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
1. What is Angle modulation? What are different types of Angle modulation?
2. Relate PM and FM in angle modulation.
3. What are Advantages of FM?
4. What are Applications of FM?
5. Define frequency deviation in FM.
6. Define modulation index in FM.
7. What are the types of FM detectors?
8. State Carson’s Rule?
9. What is pre emphasis and De-emphasis?
10. Compare NBFM and AM with the help of phasor diagram
11. What is frequency Multiplier what is the significance of it?
12. Draw the Frequency Spectrum of NBFM with necessary Expression.
13. Draw the Frequency Spectrum of WBFM with necessary Expression.
14. Give the Bessel Function?
15. Give the properties of Bessel Function?
16. What is capture effect? Explain FM Threshold effect.
17. What is hybrid modulation?
18. What is slope circuit and explain how it is useful in FM detection
19. Calculate the power of v(t) = 10 COS(2πfct+4 sin 2000πt)
20. Discuss threshold effect.
21. Compare AM and FM
UNIT IV
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
1. List out the different types of pulse modulation?
2. Discuss the types of pulse Modulation.
3. Write short notes on “Time division multiplexing”.
4. Distinguish between TDM and FDM.
5. Distinguish between PAM & PWM.
6. Write short notes on Double polarity PAM.
7. Write short notes on the following Demodulation of PWM.
8. List out the comparisons between TDM and FDM?
9. Write short notes on Single polarity PAM.
10. Write short notes on Generation of PWM
11. List out the comparison between PAM, PWM & PPM.
12. Derive the expression for the transmission bandwidth of PAM.
13. What are the drawbacks of PAM system
14. Draw the block diagram of pulse code modulation.
15. What is meant by Quantization?
16. What is meant by uniform quantization?
17. What is quantization error? How does it depend upon the step size.
18. Explain the errors present in delta modulation system.
19. Define an output signal-to-quantization ratio.
20. What is inter symbol interference?
21. What are the advantages of DM compared to PCM

UNIT V
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. Sketch the block diagram of ASK generation?

2. Draw the ASK and FSK waveforms for 011011.
3. List the properties of matched filter.
4. Draw the constellation diagram for BPSK.
5. List M-Ary Signaling Schemes?
6. Draw the block diagram of Coherent detection of FSK.
7. What is coherent and non-coherent ASK scheme.
8. What is the importance of correlation receiver?
9. Draw the power spectral density of the random binary ASK signal?
10. Draw the power spectral density of the BPSK signal?
11. For the signals, the given bit rate is 10Kbps.Calculate the bandwidth for ASK and FSK
signals.
12. Define the terms Bitrate, Baud rate?
13. Define Bandwidth Efficiency?
14. Compare Amplitude-shift keying and frequency –shift keying.
15. Explain Phase shift keying with relevant equations and waveforms.
16. Sketch the block diagram of FSK generation?
17. Sketch the block diagram of PSK generation?
18. Write the expressions for Probability of Error in ASK, FSK and PSK?
19. Draw the block Diagram of DPSK?
20. Compare and Contrast ASK,FSK and PSK
21. Define Noise Figure?
22. Define Figure of Merit?
23. What is meant by output SNR?