Building Construction Process

The process of building construction involves several stages, from planning and design to the actual
construction and completion of a building project. The following is a general outline of the steps
involved in building construction:

A. Pre-Construction Steps

1. To Acquire Land or Plot

2. To Seek Technical Help

3. Prepare Estimation and Budgets

4. Permission from Authorities

5. Approach a Builder

6. Superstructure – Column

B. During Building Construction Steps

1. Site Preparation or Levelling work

2. Excavation and PPC

3. Foundation

4. Plinth Beam or Slab

5. Superstructure – Column

6. Brick Masonry Work

7. The Lintel Over Door Window Gaps

8. Floor Slab or Roof Structure

9. Door Window Framing and Fixations

10. Electrical and Plumbing

11. Exterior Finishing

12. Terrace and Roof Finishing

13. Internal Finishes

14. Woodwork and Fixture Fittings

15. Waterproofing

16. Painting Work

Let’s discuss the building construction process in detail

A. Pre-Construction Steps (Phase – I)

1. To Acquire Land or Plot

Be careful while selecting land that has all the desired facilities available nearby and should be free
from all land-related issues.

It is suggested that prior data collection before buying land or a plot either by doing research online
or seeking help from real estate agents or concerned persons regarding the effective cost of the
same.

2. To Seek Technical Help

After selecting the proper land for the building, take the help of a professional architect to create
building designs and take his/her advice.

An architect prepares a plan as per building requirements, number of flats, and shops based on your
requirements and budget.

Then the architect consults with a structural engineer for details of the reinforcements to be used,
how deep your foundation will be, the size of gravel to be used, pillar width, etc.

3. Preparing Estimate and Budget

Building construction involves a huge amount of material and budget. After, planning and structural
detailing have been completed these details are transferred to the building estimator.

The building estimator will estimate the material quantity, and quantity of different items of work,
and prepare an abstract sheet that shows the cost of building construction.

If financial resources are limited, we need to seek pre-approval for loans in advance, or else you may
end up in a cash crunch situation.

4. Permission from Authorities

This is important work to do after the project is ready to be executed. For that, we have to take
permission from the local municipal body before you could go for the construction.

Following are the list of document project required before applying for permission. This document
may differ from state to state, but some are essential for every building construction work.

a) Land survey: A survey of the land has to be carried out with the help of an authorized land
surveyor

b) Soil test report of the land.

c) Land documents.

d) Architecture/ elevation/ sectional drawings.

e) Structural report.

f) Architect Certificate of undertaking on Record and Certificate of the undertaking of Civil Engineer
on Record

5. Approach a Builder
A builder or contractor for construction must be chosen carefully because it is a major factor in
securing building construction quality and timely construction of work.

Pre-investigation must be done about the builder before handing in work. In the contract
document, all the work-related details must be clearly stated.

The contract document should cover layout and work details along with the payment methods, time
scales, and costs. The condition of the contract should be thoroughly checked before signing a final
deal.

Building Construction Step (Phase – II)

The following are the building construction steps involved in any type of construction.

1. Site Preparation or Leveling

The construction site must be cleaned before the work is executed. This work involves the removal of
roots of trees, and debris, and leveling the ground area.

2. Excavation and PCC

The foundation of the building ground is excavated with the help of excavating machines as per the
building dimension specified in the drawings.

In this foundation trench, a layer of PCC (Plain cement concrete) is laid in the dug portion before
placing the reinforcements for the foundation.

3. Foundation
Building Construction Process Step by Step 7

The building is supported on the foundation is the lowermost part of the building that is in contact
with the soil.

A building is a load transferred from the superstructure to the soil and needs to be extremely strong
to handle the load.

After the PCC work foundation reinforcement work is started. The foundation’s bottom level must
check before concreting it. The remaining space between the foundation is filled with earth.

4. Plinth Beam and Slab

After the foundation work is done ground beam formwork preparation is started and poured with
concrete. Over the plinth beam, masonry work is started. And space between the foundation and the
plinth beam is filled with soil.

Read More: Standard Ceiling Height | Ceiling Height | Average Ceiling Height

5. Superstructure – Column

The superstructure is the portion above the plinth level of the building. The main component of
the superstructure is a column and a beam.

The columns are built up to slab level and the frame for further construction is prepared.
6. Brick Masonry Work

As the column and beam framework is completed masonry work is started with different materials
such as bricks, concrete blocks, fly ash bricks, etc. according to the building drawing.

Masonry work is done using a cement mortar mix. It is a mixture of cement & sand. During this
carefully and as per drawing gaps are laid for doors and windows during the masonry work.

7. The Lintel Over Door Window Gaps

The lintel is constructed on the door and window to support the masonry work over it. After this
further masonry work is done.

8. Floor Slab or Roof Structure

Then the formwork is started to construct the slab resting on the column and beam. Over slab
formwork, slab reinforcement is placed as per the slab detailed drawing.

9. Door Window Framing and Fixations

After that door window frames are fixed at their specified position given in the drawing.

10. Electrical and Plumbing

Electrical Conduit Wiring

As we know buildings are constructed with a clean finish in which electrical and plumbing work is not
visible.

They are installed in the walls and slabs such that they are concealed and not visible after the
finishing work is done.

The point and pipe ends are left out such that later they can be finished with the electric fitting
and plumbing fixtures.

11. Exterior Finishing

12. Terrace and Roof Finishing

On top of the slab, waterproofing is done to prevent any leakage in the slab. Generally, terrazzo tiling
is done to prevent the slab from a weathering effect.

13. Internal Finishing

Internal walls are plaster with a smooth finish and flooring is done with tiles. Later on, the walls are
painted or textured.

14. Woodwork and Fixture Fittings

By following the above step, almost all construction work is completed, and then furniture work is
started. Side by side, electrical fitting, switchboard, and plumbing fittings are complete in the
bathrooms and kitchen areas too.

15. Waterproofing

Waterproofing is a method that prevents water from penetrating your house. Waterproofing is very
important as it helps keep your house dry.

It helps reduce humidity inside the house and thereby protects things inside your house from
damage caused due to humidity or water exposure

16. Painting Work

The most important purpose of house painting is to give our house a long life and adding colors to it
is to give our house a beautiful makeover.

The painting work not only adds colors to house walls but protects their house from all stains and
dirt and gives their house a long life, however, walls have a way of finding some stains.

There are various paint qualities that can be used to protect our house for a long time from stains,
mud, sunlight, rain, dirt, etc.

from basic paint to high-quality paint which can give our house 5 to 10 years of extra life and an
amazing look for the exterior and interior as well.

The last step of building construction is interior decoration work completing the building
construction with proper furnishing and fabric used.