11.

1 Study Guide: Electromagnetic Induction

Resources: Kognity Slides More Slides Video Series Textbook

1. a) Describe the path of a charged particle as it enters a region of uniform magnetic field curved path (clockwise)
b) List the variables one can change and the effect on the charged particle’s motion. Add rows if necessary
2 413 A :

&B :
Variable Change Effect on motion
(Increase or Decrease )

B Increase Speed increases and rotates with larger radius

v Increase particle will curve more

sharply and rotate with bigger radius .

2. Use the expression for magnetic force on a charged particle to show that stationary particles in a uniform
magnetic field have no net force exerted on it.
F : gr 13 when v= 0 , F = 0

3. Watch Faraday’s Law of Induction and answer the questions.

4. Watch another video about changing the number of coils on the

unpowered solenoid in which current is induced. Summarize the findings
of the demonstration. Law of Induction
when there
current induced is a change in magnetic flux . Bigger the loop area, higher current .
induced

5. You are using a magnet and unpowered solenoid to demonstrate

Faraday's law of induction. Summarize the effect of each variable on the
magnitude of the induced current in unpowered solenoid. You can try it for
yourself at PhET Faraday's Law more # of loops higher power ,

Variable Change Effect on induced current

(Increase or Decrease )

speed of the magnet movement increase larger current induced

strength of the magnet increase increase

number of coils on the solenoid increase increase

Direction of the magnet

movement Il Opposite
Current

6. Speculate on what you might observe if you were to hold the magnet steady and move the solenoid over the
magnet? curren will get induced .

7. By now you can see that a magnet (permanent or powered) and any conductor in relative motion to each other
will induce a current in the conductor.

Once the conductor is carrying a current, it becomes a magnet as well since a moving current generates a magnetic
field. ( think electromagnet)
That gives us TWO magnets and those magnets will ALWAYS repel each other…... ALWAYS. In the diagram, use
arrows to draw the direction of the induced current and label the N and S poles in the coil.

This principle knows as Lenz’ Law and there are some nifty applications for it: Eddy Currents Jumping Ring
Magnetic Levitation
And then there are some longer but super cool videos from Veritasium and this from Vsauce.

8. Consider a wire moving through a uniform magnetic field. The wire consists
of mobile electrons confined to the wire and yet they will experience a
magnetic force.
a) Use the right hand rule to determine whether the electrons will move left
or right in the wire.
b) Label with a -ve sign the end of the wire where electrons congregate and
label with +ve sign the other end of the wire.
c) Draw a vector representing the electric field ( E) due to the separation of
charges
d) The magnetic force on any amount electrons in the wire is Bqv (we are assuming v is ⟂ to B).
Do a little deriving to show the induced EMF (volts) = BLv where L = length of the wire
v = velocity of the wire.
(HINT: remember that V= E * L)

e) The formula is really EMF = BLv sinθ. where θ is the angle between the v and B vectors. Explain why.

9. What is the induced emf in a wire 1 meter long moving at 2 m/s perpendicular to and within uniform magnetic
field of 0.50 T? ( 1.0 Volts)

10. Airplanes flying through the earth’s magnetic field will experience an EMF induced in the metal body of the
plane. ( I am not making this up) . The Boeing Dreamliner, having a wingspan of 60.0 m, is flying through
Earth’s magnetic field (B = 0.56 Gauss) at 265 ms-1. Treating the wing as a straight wire, find the induced emf
from wingtip to wingtip. (0.90 volts)
 11. NASA proposed trailing a wire beneath space vehicles in orbit in order to induce enough EMF to charge
batteries. In the diagram the ISS is orbiting with velocity directed out the plane of the paper. The magnetic
field lines for Earth are curved. They are parallel to the earth’s surface only at the equator. The ISS is orbiting
north of the equator on a path where the field are oriented downward as shown.

The field strength in orbit is 0.350 Gauss and oriented at 20° downward with respect to the horizontal. If the ISS
travels at 7.66 km/s and needs to generate 1.00 kV, how long would the wire have to be (assuming negligible loss
in the wire). 1 ( 3.97 km)

12. A coil of radius 12 cm and 72 turns. The coil is aligned parallel to the Earth’s magnetic
field. The flux linkage through the coil is 9.82µWb (the magnetic field lines pass through the
coil). Calculate the strength of the Earth's magnetic field. ( 3.0 µT)

13 a) The figure below shows a coil of wire that has 4 turns and an area of
1.6 cm2. It moves through a magnetic field of 5.0 T, as shown below, and
leaves the field over a time interval of 0.25 s. Calculate the induced e.m.f
within the wire. ( zero, but why?)

b) The same coil of wire is now dropped through the magnetic field, as
shown below. It leaves the magnetic field within a time interval of 0.25s.
Calculate the induced e.m.f in this situation. ( 12.8 mV)

14. The graph below shows the variation of magnetic flux linkage with time for a basic generator.

1
It is not practical to provide energy this way. However it is practical to use Lenz’s law that produces a magnetic drag on
the conducting wire to slow the satellite in orbit. I suppose you could use the small current you get to listen to music on
your headphones while you wait for your satellite’s orbit to degrade and you plummet toward the earth...yay.
a) Calculate the frequency of rotation of the coil (200 Hz)

b) How would you use the graph to calculate the maximum e.m.f induced by the generator? Deduce the Vmax =
5800-6300 volts

c) Calculate the root-mean-square voltage, Vrms , of the generator with Vrms = ( 1/√2) x Vmax (4101 V)
Why that formula? Click here for an explanation

15. A magnet is dropped through a non-powered solenoid as shown. The

direction of the current is shown with black arrows and indicated on the
galvanometer

a) Draw the N and S poles for the induced magnetic field in the wire

16. A conducting loop moves through a region of uniform field as shown in the diagram.

a) Identify the direction of the ELECTRON current in wire (clockwise or anti clockwise)

b) Use the right hand rule, show the forces acting on the electrons in the wire in each of
the four segments. Draw vectors and label them Fa Fb Fc and Fd. ( assume all parts the
loop are in the region of uniform magnetic field)

c) Deduce that there is no e.m.f. generated in segments b and d. Explain your reasoning in
terms of your results from b) and from Faraday’s Law of Induction: e.m.f. = -N ∆Φ / ∆t

17. a) The figure shows two circular loops. The larger diameter loop has a current
flowing in the clockwise direction and the current is increasing in magnitude. Find the
direction of the induced current in the smaller loop.
 b) Choose an additional variable and describe how increasing its value would change the induced current.
# of loops
18. A circular loop of radius 12cm is placed in a uniform magnetic field of 0.25 T.
If the field is directed as shown, what is the magnetic flux through the loop?
(0.087 Wb)
0 25 0 12 in X /0340
BA COSE X .
= .

= 0 .
087
19. A rectangular coil is located in a uniform magnetic field of 0.5T directed
perpendicular to the plane of the loop. If the area increases at a rate of 5.0 x 10-3
m2/s, what is the induced emf in the coil? (2.5 mV)
Cost
N = 10 . 5x5x10-3 x1 = 0 . 0025V = 2 . 5 mV
Ot

20. We connect our computers to UPS devices to switch power supply to a battery
in the event that the electric service fails. How does the device know when the current is
decreasing? It utilizes induced e.m.f. in a loop of wire placed in close proximity to the
current carrying wire.

Consider the current in the long straight wire decreasing with time.
a. Determine the direction of the current in the loop next to the wire. clock wish
b. If the loop were doubled in length, how would the induced emf change? Explain.
X 2 , because C = Nost ot

c. The magnetic field due to a long straight wire is B = µo I

2π r
µo is the permeability of free space = 1.26 × 10 m kg s-2 A-2
-6

r is the distance from the wire

Deduce the expression for induced e.m.f in the loop when r is held constant
(negligible coil width)is given by

5 :

M e.m.f. = (µoA) ∆I
(2π r) Δt
where A is area of the wire loop

· = 2 . 49x108
d) The UPS reads the induced e.m.f. in the coil and trips the relay to engage the battery power. The threshold
e.m.f. for engaging the battery is 5.0 V and the coil is 1.0 mm from the wire. If the area of the loop is 1.0 cm2,
calculate the rate of change for the current in the wire. (2.49 x 108 amps/sec)

e) Calculate the change in current if the relay engages in 1.0 nanosecond (0.25 amps)
49x108 01 = 0 249A
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Topic 11 PPQs