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MATHEMATICS IN THE
MODERN WORLD Is
about mathematics as a

SECOND SEMESTER
system of knowing or

SY 2020-2021
understanding our
surroundings.
• It provides a glimpse
into the nature of
mathematics and how
it is used to
understand the world.

MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN

WORLD
 • MATHEMATICS IN THE
MODERN WORLD

COLLEGE OF HOSPITALITY MANANGMENT

• Knowledge of
mathematics strengthens
the way we know,

SECOND SEMESTER
perceive and understand

SY 2020-2021
our surroundings
• The central purpose of
mathematics in the
modern world is to
explore those facets of
mathematics that will
strengthen your
quantitative
understanding of our
environs

MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN

WORLD
 OBSERVE things around us

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through pattern seeking,
understand the

SECOND SEMESTER
connection between our

SY 2020-2021
world and numbers and
appreciate that
MATHEMATICS is not a
subject of complexities
and difficulties but a
subject full of BEAUTY
AND ESSENCE
MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN
WORLD
 COLLEGE OF HOSPITALITY MANANGMENT
SECOND SEMESTER
MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD

SY 2020-2021
 1

MATHEMATICS in ourWORLD
Video watching

Nature by Numbers

Video clip:
https://vimeo.com/9953368

Pair - sharing
•Quiz 1
•To address the problem on traffic in a big city, several straight roads are being
constructed.
• It was noted that the two roads will have at most one junction, three roads will
•have at most three junctions, and so on.
1.Complete the table below: Identify the pattern on the maximum number
of junctions. (5 points)
1.At least how many junctions are expected to be constructed if there will
be seven roads in the city? Explain your answer. (5 points)

No. of roads 2 3 4 5 6

No. of 1 3
junctions

•Provide the correct number in the box with a question mark. Explain how
you arrived at your answer. (5 points)

2 4 16 ?
 A. Patterns and Numbers in Nature
and the World
•Patterns are usually designs, illustrations or
representations of repeated geometric
visuals.
•Patterns can also be repeated ways of
something that happens on something that
was done
•Patterns are common to us especially in our
dresses, house, decorations and design
preferences. These are associated to the
identification of nation and culture.
 A. Patterns and Numbers in Nature
and the World

•There are some geometric patterns that were

formed or were made up of a smaller scale or
units. These patterns are called FRACTALS.
•The pattern is that the scale or smaller unit is
repeated continuously unit it is difficult to
repeat or see.
 Fractal Pattern
A fractal is a never-ending pattern. It is a repeated
pattern that is self-similar across different scales.
Fractal is created by repeating a process of similar
pattern. The leaf of a fern resembles a fractal
pattern. Fig. 1 is a geometric
fractal pattern where the
triangles are repeated of
different scales and they
are self-similar.
Fig. 2. The fern exhibits a
fractal pattern. The
leaves repeat at different
scales, and they are self-
similar, being made of
little copies of the same
overall shape.
Figure 1. Geometric Fractal Figure 2. Fractal pattern in nature
A. Patterns and Numbers in Nature
and the World

 Human mind and culture have developed a formal

system of thought for recognizing, classifying, and
exploiting patterns called Mathematics.
 By using Mathematics to organize and systematize our
ideas about patterns, we have discovered a great
secret: nature’s patterns are not just there to be admired,
they are vital clues to the rules that governs natural
processes.
A. Patterns and Numbers in Nature
and the World
We live in a universe of patterns!
1. The snowflake
2. The honeycomb
3. The sunflower
4. The snail’s shell
5. Flower’s petals
6. Weather
The Snowflakes
 Sierpinski sieve/triangle

Begin with an equilateral triangle,

subdivide it into 4 smaller equilateral
triangles and do these procedures
continuously and we can form the
sierpinski triangle. The pattern is to
construct scales of triangles through
magnification or iteration process.
This triangle is sometimes associated with
the pascal’s
The Honeycomb
Why do the cells of a honeycomb have a hexagonal
form?
The shape turns out to be economical: much honey is
enclosed by minimum beeswax.

:VIDEOclick here
Petals of flowers

FLOWERS NUMBER OF PETALS

Lilies 3
Buttercups 5
Delphiniums 8
Marigolds 13
Asters 21
Daisies 34, 55, 89
 The Sunflower
Seed patterns of sunflower

All the sunflowers in the world show a number of

spirals that are within the Fibonacci sequence.
The Snail
Cycle of Seasons
THE FIBONACCI SEQUENCE

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2tv6Ej6JV
ho
B. The Fibonacci Sequence
Think of this!
At the beginning of a month, you are given a pair of
newborn rabbits. After a month the rabbits have produced no
offspring; however, every month thereafter, the pair of rabbits
produces another pair of rabbits. The offspring reproduce in exactly
the same manner. If none of the rabbits dies, how many pairs of
rabbits will there be at the start of each succeeding month?
At the start of 4th month, how many pairs of rabbits will there
be?
How about at the start of the 5th and 6th months?
 FIBONACCI SEQUENCE
• FS = {1,1,2,3,5,8,13,21,34,55,89,144,233,377,610, 987,…}

• FS is named after LEONARDO OF PISA (1170-1240), AN

Italian Mathematician. He discovered the sequence – the
first recursive number sequence known in Europe while
considering a practical problem in the LIBER ABACI
involving the growth of a hypothetical population of
rabbits based on idealized assumptions. He noted that
after each monthly generation, the number of pairs of
rabbits increased from 1 to 2 to 3, etc. and identified
how the sequence progress by adding the previous two
terms, a sequence which could be in theory extended
indefinitely.
 Fibonacci Pattern
In arithmetic, Fibonacci pattern appears in numerical sequences such that the
sequence, is the sum of the two preceding ones, starting from 0 and 1.

For example, the sequence 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, … is a Fibonacci sequence

obtained by adding the two consecutive numbers starting from zero (0+1=1),
(1+1=2), (2+1=3), and so on.

The sequence starts from adding the least number to the succeeding number, and
on, giving progressing sums forming a sequence.

Fibonacci pattern is also exhibited amazingly in nature,

such that the pattern starts from a small loop, and
becomes bigger as the spiral pattern tends to go
farther from the center of the loop.
Solution:
 Fibonacci discovered that the number of
pairs of rabbits for any month after the
first two months can be determined by
adding the numbers of pairs of rabbits in
each of the two previous months. For
instance, the number of pairs of rabbits at
the start of the sixth monthis 3 + 5 = 8.
 A recursive definition for a sequence is one in which
each successive term of the sequence is defined by
using some of the preceding terms. If we use the
mathematical notation Fn to represent the nth
Fibonacci number, then the numbers in the Fibonacci
sequence are given by the following recursive
definition.

= , = , = − + − ≥ .
Binet’s Formula
 The following formula is known as Binet’s formula for the
nth Fibonaccinumber.

+ −
= −

The advantage of this formula over the recursive formula

= − + −
is that you can determine the nth Fibonacci number without
finding the two preceding Fibonacci numbers.
Binet’s Formula
 The following formula is known as Binet’s formula for the
nth Fibonaccinumber.

+ −
= −

3 3
3= −

3=
 3=

3=

F3 = 2
 Recursive Formula

= − + −

Find the number of pairs of rabbits on the third

month and 4th month if F1 = 1and F2 = 1
Solution:
= − + −
3= 3− + 3−
3= 2+ 1
3= 1 +1
3= 2
Exercise 1

 Use the definition of Fibonacci numbers to

find the eleventh and twelfth Fibonacci
numbers.
Exercise 2

 Use Binet’s formula and a calculator to

find the 20th, 30th, and 40th Fibonacci
numbers.
Fibonacci inSunflower
The seeds on a sunflower are arranged in
spirals that curve both clockwise and counterclockwise
from the center of the sunflower’s head to its outer
edge. In many sunflowers, the number of clockwise
spirals and the number of counterclockwise spirals are
consecutive Fibonacci numbers. The number of
clockwise spirals is 34 and the number of
counterclockwise spirals is 55.
Fibonacci inPineapple
Pineapples have spirals formed by their
hexagonal nubs. The nubs on many pineapples
form 8 spirals that rotate diagonally upward to
the left and 13 spirals that rotate diagonally
upward to the right. The numbers 8 and 13 are
consecutive Fibonacci numbers.
Fibonacci inPlants
Fibonacci inFruits
Inside the fruit of many plants we can observe
the presence of Fibonacci order.
Fibonacci in Animals

The shell of the chambered Nautilus

has Golden proportions. It is a
logarithmicspiral.

The eyes, fins and tail of the

dolphin fall at golden sections
along the body.

A starfish has 5 arms.

Fibonacci inHuman
C. Mathematics helps organizepatterns and regularities in
the world

 Patterns have underlying mathematical

structures
 Every living or nonliving thing in the
world may seem to follow a certain
pattern on their own.
 The mystery of Fibonacci sequence and
the golden ratio as common patterns in
nature.
 The golden ratio (symbol is the Greek letter "phi" shown at left)is a special

number approximately equal to 1.618

It appears many times in geometry, art, architecture and other areas.

The Idea Behind It

We find the golden ratio when we divide a line into two

parts so that:
the long part divided by the short part
is also equal to
the whole length divided by the long part
 The GOLDEN RATIO

•The number approaches a value of phi

approximately equal to 1.618.
•1/1= 1.00000 21/13= 1.61538
•2/1= 2.00000 43/21 = 1.61905
•3/2 = 1.50000 55/34 = 1.61765
•5/3= 1.66667 89/55 = 1.61818
•8/5= 1.60000 144/89 = 1.61798
•13/8= 1.62500 233/144 = 1.61806
Suggested activity for students

 Explore patterns in nature and

present them as photo album, photo
exhibit, portfolio, etc. with written
reports.
 Video- presentation
D. Mathematics helpspredictthebehaviorof nature
and the world

 Mathematics help predict the location, size and

timing of natural disasters
 Made possible by the studyof fractals.

A fractal is a mathematical formula of a pattern

that repeats over a wide range of size and time scales.
These patterns are hidden within more complex
systems.
 Benoit Mandelbrot is the father of fractals, who
described how he has been using fractals to find order
within the complex systems in nature, such as the shape
of coastlines.
E.Mathematics helps controlnatureandoccurrences in the
world for our own ends

 Fractal Geometry has been applied in

different fields of knowledge such as
in engineering, computer graphics,
medicine,etc.
F. Mathematics has numerous applications in the world
making it indispensable

 Mathematics helps you build things

 Mathematics is helpful in managing financial matters
 Many more…
 Thanks to the development of new mathematical
theories, these more elusive nature’s patterns are
beginning to reveal their secrets. Already we are
seeing practical impact as well as an intellectual
one. But most important of all, it is giving us a
deeper vision of the universe in which we live in,
and for our own place init.
You have just learned that mathematics is not only
numerical/arithmetic in nature. Mathematics is
found in all the things that we see around us… in
plants, animals, trees and many other objects that we
see in nature Geometric designs and sequences are
also found in plants. The sunflower for example
exhibit the design of spiral. The branches of some
trees exhibit a fractal pattern, and many others.
Mathematics also relates to nature. It is from nature
where some scientific phenomenon came from, that
brought about new discoveries in the field of higher
Mathematics.