DESIGN OF A SMART ENERGY METER

Jiya Ashok Khandelwal, Prajakta Rajesh Khenat, Samruddhi Sachin Kadam

Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering
All India Shri Shivaji Memorial Society Institute of Information Technology
Pune - 411001, India

Abstract—Smart Energy Meter is very effective to reduce this issue dramatically because of not proper billing or unstable
errors for generating electricity bills. It is a modern technology power grid. So, for our society also plays a very important role,
that is very cost-effective and easy to use and suitable in our it can decrease the problem without any interruption, they can
environment. This system gives us the billing process in digital
form with the help of sensors. Sensors can calculate the usage use and pay the bills by their own , so it will be easy and
of each household devices. Mainly, it gives the alert messages helpful for the people to get secure from the thefts.It can flow
like how much we used data daily, it will show us the consumed in two ways which can be in between consumers and suppliers.
data or overuse of data using GSM (Global System for Mobile Consumers and suppliers can provide us the efficiency and
Communication).It is IoT based because of that all the connected controllability. whenever there will be overload , or maximum
devices work automatically without any human intercession. The
purpose of Smart Energy Meter is to automatically read the load the supply will disconnected automatically using Smart
number of current usage units with Led and calculate the data Energy Meter. But in these case, means ideal environment it
and also display the message to users smartphones. works in normal condition and meter lifespan is 5 to 6 years.
Index Terms—LCD 16*12, Current Sensor, Voltage Sensor, It is a digital device used for real-time monitoring to consume
IoT, Blynk, ESP32 WiFi Module, Led, Smart Energy Monitoring, data. The Communication between the networks can be wired-
Electric Board, GSM.
less or wired. It record internally, and send the report in short
I. I NTRODUCTION intervals on daily basis, it is the easiest way to calculate the
Smart Energy Meter plays a vital role in Exchanging bills and keep the record on daily basis through it. It also
information in too and fro manner to manage meter data and provides us the detailed information to reduce electricity and
also in energy industry. It is a real time data monitoring system to get the knowledge about the electricity grid. It is the key
with the help of LCD it display the data and send to the to increase the uptake od distributed electricity generation, is
cloud server using IoT.This is the System which can send the the used to reduce the carbon footprint and global warming.
alert messages to the particular user so if the limit has cross, It is used to measure in home, business and offices.
based on need of the people one can on/off the main supply. • PCB Assembly
Firstly, the consumption rate was taken by us ,so it was very • Testing
difficult process, but now it is totally depend on the operator. • Plastic Molding
For calculating the amount, the measured value is stored on • Raw material procedure
the server.The purpose of writing paper is that paper is that, • Power Equipment
based on this smart energy system, energy can easily; there is • Manufacturing Process
no wastage of energy, as we all know electricity is everyone’s • Manpower Equipment
life. In the current world, no one can live without electricity.
So because of this electricity plays a very crucial role in day- A Smart Electricity meter also known as advanced meter or
to-day life, whether it is home, office, etc. electricity is must, digital meter it records the usage in more advanced manner
So we can reduce the wastage of electricity and this will help compared to traditional analog meters. The records usage
us in future or even for our future generations. The Network in kilowatt-hour(kWh) for more precise billing and accuracy
of Smart devices enable to transfer data through Internet of monitoring. It has two-way communication one is used to
Things (IoT).The IoT Things can be heartbeat monitor or in communicate data-back to the utility company and second one
the form of sensor, that have ability to collect and transfer the is remote the data collections without physical meter readings.
data over the network. The embedded system is also plays a In other hand analog meters requires physical readings.It
crucial role, like helps them to interact into two types:- can provide detailed information about electricity usage over
different time periods such as peak and off-peak hours. Smart
1) Internal Stages
energy can be controlled for their utility companies. It can
2) External Environment
disconnect and reconnect the electricity service without the
These Two interacts in the embedded system, which affects the
need of the physical implementation and their needs.Enhanced
decision taken.There are 10 to 15 millions people who faced
Energy Management can gain insights like energy usage, set
energy-saving goals, and track their progress. This promote
energy efficiency and conservation. It also reduces electricity
theft and tempering, as the can detect and alert electricity to
suspicious usage or unusual usage patterns.

II. L ITERATURE S URVEY

For this project meter reading techniques in India is an-
alyze on different energy measuring instruments available.
Instruments can be in electronic energy meter or in electro-
mechanical meter. The readings are only capable in kWh
units. It is same as the embedded system meter concept like
concept of mobile recharge, there is maximum demand of
energy indicate to consume the indicated meter.After the high
exceeding meter will automatically off or disconnect by using
embedded system in meter itself. Since the supply is limited,
there is lot of wastage of energy or power, there is need to
use the electricity in efficient manner. The system can act as
either in prepaid or post-paid manner. If there will be any
emergency or queries , security mobile agent will solve at his
level and visit energy meters. Advanced in technology is used
in industries, factories where bulk of energy is used. advanced
technology can exchange the information protectively, in very
high speed and truthful in accurate manner. But the post-paid
system have some disadvantages like there is no control of
energy usage from the consumers side. Latest Energy Meter
is not tamper proof. So considering all these factors we design Fig. 1. HARDWARE CONNECTIONS
a smart energy meter which is tamper proof. Sometimes there
will be the problem of extra bills it will also helps to reduce
A. Problem identification
the error generation. It is the is simplest billing factor designed
with low cost wireless GSM modem technique and associated There is major problem of energy thefts in developing
with billing and managing collected data. Its is the exchange countries. The problem may cause like delay in billing, elec-
between two machines of internet or either Intranet. Compared tricity taping illegally using LT lines,meter readings problems,
to the Current scheme , it is not only capable of decreasing inaccurate billings, etc. As the electricity demand increases
maintenance costs, but also to promotes hardware expenses due to increase in population. Demand of per capita is also
like IoT idea using low-cost energy meters using ESP32 WiFi increasing in large scale. So this is major problem in every
Module integrated to interact with server, and it is capable of household offices, etc.
reading the information from the energy meter. a) Current related issues
i. Current transformer bypassing
III. M ETHODS ii. Open Current transformer
iii. Double Feeding of Current
The purpose of the Smart Energy Meter is to send data b) Voltage related issues
automatically to the particular user via SMS service on smart- i. Exchange of neutral network
phones.The devices are integrated using a micro-controller. ii. Disconnection of wires
It is a developed system Microcontroller.When the recharge c) Mechanical related issues
message is given to the GSM then main power Supply is i. Meter Damaging
connected to the load with the help of relay. And based on ii. Breaking and any causing of Meter
the message, microcontroller checks for the number and turn
on the relay. Based on microcontroller it will turn ON/OFF the B. Designing and Modeling
relay. The meter units will be displaced on LCD screen. As the 3.1 Monitoring Voltage Sensing Device
units will be low or more power consumed details will send As the cost is low, we use resistor dividers for sensing
on the SMS through GSM Modem. for using again the user Current quantity. It sense the typical configuration of using
has to recharge the system and user has to send the message sensor quantity of the voltage and the resistor R1, R2 is need
through our registered mobile number to GSM modem and to sinusoidal voltage to fit for analog to digital conversion
after successful recharge the load will automatically turn ON based on measurement chip. R1 is given to Sinusoidal
the system based on units corresponding to that recharge value. voltage and the output is given between R1 and R2 and R2 is
The system has given 5V power supply and the main power grounded.So the equation is given as, Vo = (R1 / R1 + R2)*vin.
supply (230V, 50Hz) is given to relay to turn on the load.
 Fig. 3. Micro-Controller
Fig. 2. LCD 16*2

Power(kilowatts) = (Voltage * Current )/ 1000

3.2 Monitoring Current Sensing Device Current Sensing Units = Power * (3/3600)
Device is used to sense current and Anti-Aliasing Filter. Rupees = Units * 5 The Esp32 SOC is given power of 5v and
There are two many types of current sensing devices:- it is interfaced with the voltage sensor to measure the voltage
up-to 250v along with the current sensor that sense the current
i) Hall effect sensor upto 30A of current.
Hall effect sensor used to detects presence of magnetic field.
It result in generation of electric field in both case mutually E. Design and Implementation
current and magnetic field path.
The components contains hardware like ESP32 SOC main
controller, voltage sensor, current sensor, micro-controller,
ii) Current transformer sensor
16*2 LCD display, LED, and Relay Module.
Current transformer is used for measuring the quantity
of current, and its produces secondary current which is i. Node MCU ESP32
proportional to the primary current. primary current is fixed This Esp32 is low voltage chip of micro-controller which
with the instruments. integrate the WiFi-module and Bluetooth. It consists of dual
module. ESP32 includes built-in antenna switches, low-power
noise receive amplifier, filters, RF balun, power management
C. Power Supply modules,etc. Espresso system, a shanghai based Chinese
Power supply is used to give converts Ac-Dc voltage, Dc-Dc company has created and developed ESP32.
converters are the combinations of power switches,inductors ii.ZMPT101B Voltage Sensor
such as IGBT, MOSFET, etc. it is mainly required for oper- It is a Single phase AC voltage meter Which is mainly based
ating the energy chips, LCD, battery charger and must have a on the transformer. It has two parts mainly primary part
communication unit to deliberate the particular Smart meter. and secondary part, and we will get output in analog form
As shown in above block diagram, how it used and transfer and later it will convert in digital through analog to digital
data from home appliances using current transformer to cloud converter.
computing via WiFi-module. The diagram show us that we can
transmit and receive the data in both the direction manually. iii. ACS712 Current Sensor
First we should to the meter readings calculate readings with ACS712 Module uses as Ic for current measurement purpose
the help of current transformer, then to micro-controller and using principle of Hall-effect sensor. In this final products
passes the bill through module and sends to the particular users uses directly IC instead of modules. It can measure current in
smartphone via SMS. this is how the system architect and user form of Ampere ranging from 5A, 10A, 15A, 20A and 30A .
used alerts messages or bill details easily and we can manually we must know the right range for our projects.
check pervious data, data on daily basis, etc.
iv. LCD 16*2
D. Working flow The LCD is used to display the particular image in the form
The system can do two functions:- of text as we all know it displays the messages but 16*2
A. We can Monitor the data and feedback through LCD and means 16 characters per line in 2 such lines. Therefore ot has
Blynk server. given the name as LCD 16*2. In LCD 16*2 there are two
B. We can turn ON or OFF the load from anywhere in the such types of registers which is command and data. We can
world. switch from register to another only select is used. RS = 0 is
We can calculate total unit and price :- used for command whereas RS = 1 is used for data.
 Fig. 6. LCD DISPLAY
Fig. 4. hardware developed

F. Figures and Tables

Units Measurement
Voltage (V) Voltage: 210V
Current (I) Current: 4.8A
Power (P) Power: 1000W
Energy Usage (E) Energy: 10.0 kWh
Power Factor (PF) PF: 0.75
Frequency (f) Freq: 60Hz
Load Status Load: ON or Load: OFF
In the above table we have written the units of voltage,current,
power, energy usage, frequency and load status based on
possible display on LCD. So, by seeing to the table , we get to
know about the energy usage limits , based on which we get
to know how much energy we should use on daily basis. We
can also calculate power factor in kWh , power in Watt, etc.
Output Type Description
LCD Display Energy is in current, voltage, etc.
LED Indicates Blinking LED
Fig. 5. LCD DISPLAY Data Transmitted Can send bill via WiFi, or GSM
Alert Buzzer alert when limit exceeds
Relay Control disconnect when more power usage
v. Mechanical Relay Module In the above table we have seen that, it has 2 column
Relay Module is used to turn ON or OFF the Switch whenever one is output type and second one is description . It give us
necessary , So Relay Switch is very important, if somethings the description of the specific output . how it will generate ,
happens or in emergency we can use relay module to turn what is use, how LCD works, etc.
OFF or any load exist it automatically turn Off. So it plays
IV. R ESULTS AND D ISCUSSIONS
ver important role even in emergency cases. This is our
final connections of project based on this we can get the The result helps us to store, collect and analyze the data
results, readings and outputs. we have Successfully done the based on which we can calculate the data using energy and
Connections using hardware and software both. The project is time. To verify the system, experimental obtained for various
very low-cost and easy to implement even in small places also load connections for particular time and energy. In order to
like home,offices,etc. It Circuit is also Simple to design and obtained the results we kept the system ON for a while.In
microcontroller chip has some in-build connections in it. we the above figure, its the result from the company, about how
have also Used IoT such as Blynk Server, to bet the SMS to much bill we have to pay and how much data is consumed. As
the particular users in accurate manner. shown in above image in the message it gives us the proper
 details like our bill number, amount to be paid, and about our
limit, like your limit is going to be over, so please make sure
ENERGY CONSUMPTION PATTERN - 2 to do the payment as soon as possible.
6
V. C ONCLUSION
5
This paper provides a simple and easy way or idea to
4
wireless meter reading system that can be analyze, store and
ENERGY (kWh)

3 calculate the data in short interval, which provides us the

2
accurate data or results with less errors.some of the advantages
of smart energy device is:-
1
• Energy Conservation
0
0 23.48 23.5 23.52 23.54 23.56 23.58 • Automatic control of energy
• Time and power saving
TIME( hour)
• Get the data in short intervals
• Gives accurate data
• Low cost
Fig. 7. ENERGY CONSUMPTION OVER FIRST LOAD
Some of the disadvantages are:-
• Depending on the internet, sometimes it can take much
time to upload the data
• we can face sometimes current issues, or wires discon-

ENERGY CONSUMPTION
nected
ENERGY CONSUMPTION

6
R EFERENCES
5 5
ENERGY (kWh)

2.4 2.4
2

1 1

0 0 0 0 0.1
23.35 23.4 23.5

TIME (HOURS)

Fig. 8. ENERGY CONSUMPTION OVER SECOND LOAD

Fig. 9. Results