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Physics Formulae

The document covers fundamental concepts in physics, including motion, force, gravitation, work and energy, and sound. Key formulas such as speed, velocity, acceleration, force, momentum, and energy are presented, along with their definitions and units. Additionally, it includes principles like Newton's laws, the law of conservation of energy, and the speed of sound, providing a comprehensive overview of basic physics principles.

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nandraj875087
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3 views

Physics Formulae

The document covers fundamental concepts in physics, including motion, force, gravitation, work and energy, and sound. Key formulas such as speed, velocity, acceleration, force, momentum, and energy are presented, along with their definitions and units. Additionally, it includes principles like Newton's laws, the law of conservation of energy, and the speed of sound, providing a comprehensive overview of basic physics principles.

Uploaded by

nandraj875087
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 1: Motion

1. Speed:
Speed = Distance / Time
a. Distance: Total path covered (in meters, m).
b. Time: Duration taken (in seconds, s).
2. Velocity:
Velocity = Displacement / Time
a. Displacement: Shortest distance between initial and final positions (in
meters, m).
b. Time: Duration taken (in seconds, s).
3. Average Speed:
Average Speed = Total Distance / Total Time
a. Total Distance: Sum of all distances covered (in meters, m).
b. Total Time: Sum of all time intervals (in seconds, s).
4. Acceleration:
Acceleration = Change in Velocity / Time
a. Change in Velocity: Final Velocity - Initial Velocity (in m/s).
b. Time: Duration taken (in seconds, s).
5. Equations of Motion:
a. v = u + at
i. v: Final Velocity (in m/s).
ii. u: Initial Velocity (in m/s).
iii. a: Acceleration (in m/s²).
iv. t: Time (in seconds, s).
b. s = ut + (1/2)at²
i. s: Displacement (in meters, m).
c. v² = u² + 2as
d. s = (u + v)/2 × t

Chapter 2: Force and Laws of Motion

1. Force:
Force = Mass × Acceleration
a. Mass: Amount of matter in an object (in kilograms, kg).
b. Acceleration: Rate of change of velocity (in m/s²).
2. Momentum:
Momentum = Mass × Velocity
a. Mass: Amount of matter in an object (in kilograms, kg).
b. Velocity: Speed in a given direction (in m/s).
3. Newton’s Second Law:
Force = Change in Momentum / Time
a. Change in Momentum: Final Momentum - Initial Momentum (in kg·m/s).
b. Time: Duration taken (in seconds, s).
4. Conservation of Momentum:
m₁u₁ + m₂u₂ = m₁v₁ + m₂v₂
a. m₁, m₂: Masses of two objects (in kilograms, kg).
b. u₁, u₂: Initial velocities of two objects (in m/s).
c. v₁, v₂: Final velocities of two objects (in m/s).

Chapter 3: Gravitation

1. Universal Law of Gravitation:


F = G (m₁m₂ / r²)
a. F: Gravitational force (in Newtons, N).
b. G: Gravitational constant (6.67 × 10⁻¹¹ N·m²/kg²).
c. m₁, m₂: Masses of two objects (in kilograms, kg).
d. r: Distance between the centers of the two objects (in meters, m).
2. Acceleration due to Gravity:
g = GM / R²
a. g: Acceleration due to gravity (in m/s²).
b. G: Gravitational constant (6.67 × 10⁻¹¹ N·m²/kg²).
c. M: Mass of the Earth (in kilograms, kg).
d. R: Radius of the Earth (in meters, m).
3. Weight:
Weight = Mass × Acceleration due to Gravity
a. Mass: Amount of matter in an object (in kilograms, kg).
b. Acceleration due to Gravity: g = 9.8 m/s² (on Earth).
4. Free Fall:
v = gt
a. v: Final velocity (in m/s).
b. g: Acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s²).
c. t: Time (in seconds, s).
h = (1/2)gt²
d. h: Height (in meters, m).
Chapter 4: Work and Energy

1. Work Done:
Work = Force × Displacement × cosθ
a. Force: Applied force (in Newtons, N).
b. Displacement: Distance moved in the direction of force (in meters, m).
c. θ: Angle between force and displacement.
2. Kinetic Energy:
Kinetic Energy = (1/2)mv²
a. m: Mass of the object (in kilograms, kg).
b. v: Velocity of the object (in m/s).
3. Potential Energy:
Potential Energy = mgh
a. m: Mass of the object (in kilograms, kg).
b. g: Acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s²).
c. h: Height above the ground (in meters, m).
4. Power:
Power = Work / Time
a. Work: Work done (in Joules, J).
b. Time: Duration taken (in seconds, s).
5. Law of Conservation of Energy:
Total Energy = Kinetic Energy + Potential Energy
a. Total Energy: Sum of kinetic and potential energy (in Joules, J).

Chapter 5: Sound

1. Wave Speed:
Wave Speed = Frequency × Wavelength
a. Frequency: Number of oscillations per second (in Hertz, Hz).
b. Wavelength: Distance between two consecutive wave crests (in meters, m).
2. Frequency:
Frequency = 1 / Time Period
a. Time Period: Time taken for one complete oscillation (in seconds, s).
3. Time Period:
Time Period = 1 / Frequency
a. Frequency: Number of oscillations per second (in Hertz, Hz).
4. Speed of Sound in Air:
Speed of Sound = 331 m/s + (0.6 × Temperature in °C)
a. Temperature: Temperature of the air (in °C).

Additional Formulas

1. Density:
Density = Mass / Volume
a. Mass: Amount of matter in an object (in kilograms, kg).
b. Volume: Space occupied by the object (in cubic meters, m³).
2. Pressure:
Pressure = Force / Area
a. Force: Applied force (in Newtons, N).
b. Area: Surface area over which force is applied (in square meters, m²).
3. Buoyant Force:
Buoyant Force = Weight of Displaced Fluid
a. Weight of Displaced Fluid: Mass of the fluid displaced × g.

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