Abstract

Introduction

due to the increasing demand for refrigeration in various fields led to production of more electricity and
consequently more release of harmful gas like CO2 everywhere the earth which might be a contributing
factor of worldwide warming on global climate change. Thermoelectric refrigeration might be
replacement alternative method. The thermoelectric modules are fabricated from semiconductor
materials electrically connection (10) . Thermoelectric cooling, also called "The Peltier Cooling" is a
solid-state method of heat transfer through dissimilar semiconductor materials. We can also called
thermoelectric as TEC. TEC inherently have many advantages over the alternate types of refrigeration.
TECs are solid-state, so they have no moving parts. Because they have no moving parts, their reliability
greatly exceeds any other refrigeration technology currently being considered. Also, TECs are compact
and quiet. TECs have no operating fluid or gas that can leak and damage the electronics or the
environment TECs are compact, lightweight, and relatively inexpensive. TECs appear to be the most
desirable cooling alternative; however, TECs still have the efficiency problem that reduces their
applicability. (0) The Peltier effect is a technique used in thermoelectric devices to create a
temperature difference by transferring heat between electrical junctions(2) The TE modules require a
DC power supply so that the current flows through the TE module in order to cause heat to be
transferred from one side of the TE module to other, thus creating a hot and cold side [44] The main
objective of the heating & cooling system service is to be suitable for use by the people who live in the
remote areas of country where load- shading is a major problem. The system can also be used for
remote parts of the world or outer conditions where electric power supply From last century till now
refrigeration has been one of the most important factors of our daily life. The current tendency of the
world is to look at renewable energy resources as a source of energy. This is done for the following two
reasons; firstly, the lower quality of life due to air pollution; and ,secondly, due to the pressure of the
ever increasing world population puts on our natural energy resources.(22)

Overview theory of Peltier device

Battery

Heatsink

Solar panel

Application of thermoelectric module

Thermoelectric modules are generally used for application where we need to remove heat from very
small amount ( milliwatts ) to large amount of heat in range of thousand watts. Most single stage
thermoelectric coolers can 3 to 6 watts per square centimeter of their surface area .To increase the
cooling power we have to connect multiple module together.
A thermoelectric generator is device that is use to convert heat energy into electrical energy with the
help of temperature difference. It is based on seebeck effect where a voltage is created when there is
temperature difference between two different material. According to the Kinikar et al. () have describe
use waste heat as exhaust gases from industry into useful electricity. TEG can capture the the waste
heat and the convert into electricity. Due to which overall efficiency will increase. Mishra et al() have
describe use solar energy to generate power called thermoelectric generator , further the heat energy is
converted into electrical energy with the help of thermoelectrical generator. the efficiency of solar TEGS
is very low , this is one of the major limitation. Liuet al. () have describe the use of TEG in automobile
industry , TEGS can be installed in cars to utilize heat from engine to generate electricity due to which
overall all efficiency will increase , the heat energy from engine and solar radiation also use to generate
electricity in space

Thermoelectric cooler

The thermoelectric cooler is device that use peltier effect to transfer a heat from one side of material to
another side of material . today the demand of thermoelectric cooler is increase due to useful small
refrigeration, medical cooling and also use for electric cooling. Vian et al. () has experimented with
peltier module for refrigeration. And they found that advantage of this system is compact ,light weight
and no moving part due which wear tear not happen , but the disadvantage of this peltier module is low
COP as compare to tradinational refrigeration system. Nikam and hole () have described hybrid system
of that combine traditional system and peltier module to increase the COP of system. In this system
peltier module work with traditional compressor based system. Due to which system consume less
energy and provide same cooling effect. Narang et al () has discussed about small sized thermoelectric
refrigerator. This type of system is beneficial for personal use , portable use and cooling electronic
device. Wang et. Al () discussed that solar TEC system use solar energy to generate power , this system is
useful in area where electricity is not available and remote area and described that this type of system is
ecofriendly , energy efficient and portable.()()()have discussed that system is good for vaccine storage,
transportation in remote area where electricity not available . it is also good for storing blood ,plasma at
control temperature .

Other application

Today thermoelectrical is growing field that use thermoelectric material to convert heat energy into
electrical energy. According to chen and wrigh t() the use of thermoelectric device is significant in health
and care , the TEGS generator power the sensor by using body heat that monitor vital signs and provide
real time tracking. Example electrocardiography sensors track the heart activity and detect unwanted
activity. Electroencephalography sensors used for brain activity monitoring . if we required long lasting
power source then TEG is best choice to generate power by body heat that help to independence of
battery replacement . that help to reduce risk of surgery for battery replacement . according to ()
thermoelectric is used to controlling humidity level . the thermoelectric module is connected to solar
panel for energy efficient dehumidification. In this system a peltier module is used to cool down the air
and the water vapour present in air condense into water . the condensed water is collected and dry air is
move back into air. In this device compressor is not use due to no moving part and low maintaince and
energy efficient. According to () the peltier devices have been successfully integrated into solar powered
umbrellas for cooling purpose. In this system the solar panel generated electricity. The electricity is
used by peltier plate to provide cooling in umbrella. Accouring to (),() have described the charging of
phone battery by thermoelectrical module . TEGS module is placed near heat source such as ( cooking
stove). The heat is converted into electricity which can charge the phone battery. It is beneficial for
emergency battery charging during power outage. According to () have describe for thermoelectric
lunch box for controlling temperature inside the box. A peltier module is place inside a box and the
module is powered by battery or solor panel. Due to controlling the temperature food remain warm.

Conclusion

Refrerence

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