PS-116 ENERGY CONVERSION-H1 (B.

E
9RD PAPER SOLUTION N-19)
The compressor is to produce:a
:VIL SEM. ME-NU
pressure ratio of 6:1
WINTER EXAM. - 2019 when :air inlet
wITh an OVCral
isentropic elliciency of 85%
temperatureeis 33C.The
QUESTIONPAPER blade speed and avial velocity areconstant
compressor Assume a value of 200 m/s for hroughot
blade spced. Find.
hc
velocity of fow and the number r of stages requircd when
Sngt tcing ir compsor wih perfect tennelng S
work factor
is 089 for all stages
&Shgle g double ating t cmpessOY deves ir S br The 8M
OR
preS dtempese he en of sncthnke re bar nd 25C
Q4() Dfferentiate tbetwccn centrifugal andaxial low
olies 22mt per minutt when the conpressor is mng S
compressor running
compressor. 311
(b) A centrifugal at 10000
Tpm dclvers
The cenees velme i S% of ske volme The pressue and
600 mmin of free air. The air is Comprcssed from 1 bar and
omeue ofambiet ar are b n 20C
20°C to a pressure ratio of 4 with isentropic
Deiemine 8M efliciency of 82%
@Volumetic eliciecy of he compresr Blades are radial at outlct of impeller and low velocity of
62 mis
can be assumed throughout constant The outer radius is
ODametr nd strokeefcylinder ifbeh are equal and twice the
inner radius and the slip t2ctor may be assumed as 09. The hlate
ofompcssor n BP, imchanical efficicncy is 85% Take
area coeficient may be assumcd as 09 at inlct
index of comprsin=|dder of expansicn =13
Calculate:
OR
0 Final temperature of air.
Q22) Define volumenc eiciency of a reciprocating compressor. Derive
the cqutin fr the same
(n Theoretical power.
() mpeller diameter at inlet and outlet.
A two stge single ating reciprocating air compressor draus 6
(iv) Width of impeller at inlet
kgmin of air at L013S rnd 20C nd the same is delivered at
() Impeller blade angle at inlet.
1475 bar Assume perect intercooling and optimum intermedite
(v) Difiser blade angle at inlet
pressue wih compression index cf 125. The clearance factors for
Q52) Eplain the wOrking of two stroke Sl engine with the help of neat
LP nd IIPylinders are Q04 nd 007 respectively. 8M
sketch
Detiemin
Explain with neat sketch the working of simple carburetor and state
Shaf power roquired with mechanical cfficiency of 853
the reasons why it is not practically used.
() sothermal cfficicncy
OR
( Net heat transferred in LP and HP cylinders during compression
Q.6(a) Explain the stages of combustion in Clengine with the help of F-U
nd also in the intercooler.
7M
diagram
(iv) Valumctric efficiency of cach stage and free air delivered
(v) The ratio of cylinder diameters for the same stroke for both the
Explain the phenomenon of detonation in Sl engine. Compare
7
with knocking in Cl engine.
finders
Q7.(a) List the methods of detemination of frictional power in IC cng
Take R= 0287kIkgKC, =0.717Ikgk
Explain any one method.
mm
Q3.{a) Explain the working of vanc typc compressor with ncat sketch and bore and 100
(b In atest of 4 cylinder, 4 stroke engine 76 mm
full throtle at
P-V diagram stroke, the following results were obtained at
An axial flow air compressor of 50% reaction design has blades with fuelsupply of
(b particular constant speed and with fixed setting of
9M
inlet an outlet angles of 45° and 10° rspectively. 6 kghr.
ak8D PAPER SOLDTION (W.19) PS-117
ENERGY CONVERSIONHI (B.E. Vu SEM. ME-MU)
RP with all cylindcrs working - 15.6 kW
Draw up a hcat balancc shcct for the tet n ter
rite 2
np with cylinder no lcut-out = |1.IkW
pcrccnlagc basis.
BPwith cylinder no 2 cut-out : 11.03 kW
0.9.(a) Explain with T-S and P-h chart the methrd to imorce COP of
nPvith cylinder no 3 cut-out 10.88 kW
simplc vapour, comprcssion rcfrigcrat in sytcTn
RP with cylinder no 4 cut-out 10,66 kW.
1r the calorific valve of fucl is 43600 kJk! and clcarance volume is (b) A vapour comprcssion rcfrigcrator ciculztcs 45 kz of N, pe

0.0001 m. hour. Condcnsation takcs place at 30C and vann 2

Calculate: -15°C.
() Mcchanical elicicncy. Therc is no undcrcooling of rcfrigerant
(ii) Indicatcd thernmal cicicncy. hezt
The tcmperaturc aftcr isentropic compression is 75°C rd sp.
(i11) Air standard ciciency.
Determine:
of superhcated vapour is 2.82 kJ/kgK.
OR
(i) COP.
08 Afull load tcst on a 2-strokc cnginc givcs following results:
from water at 20°C 2nd ice
(ii) lce produccd in kg/hr in evaporator
Spccd = 440 mm

Brake load = S0 kg at 0°C.

Imen =3 bar Take enthalpy of fusion of ice =336 kJkg.

Sp. heat of waler = 4.187 kJ/kgk.
Fucl consumption = S.4 kg/hr
Properties of NH, are as follows:
Risc in jacket water temp = 36°C
Entropy (kJ/kgK) Sp. volune
Sat. Enthalpy (kJ/kg)
Jacket water flow rate = 440kg/hr
Temp. (x) (m² /kg)
Air fuel ratio by mass =30
Liquid Vapour Liquid Vapour
Temp. of exhaust gas = 350° C
1.204 4 984 0.111
303 323.1 1469
Temp. of test room= 17°C 0.457 5.549 0.509
258 112.1 1426

Baromctric pressure = 76 cm of Hg

Cylinder diamcter = 22 cm OR
Stroke = 25 cm Q.10.(a) Write short notcs on any two: 51

Brake diamctcr = .2 m ()Vapour Absorption Refrigeration System.

Calorific value of fucl = 43 MJ/kg (ii) Propcrties of an ldcal refrigerant.
Proporlion of Hydrogcn by mass in fucl = 15% (iii)Refrigerant Nomenclature.
R=0.287kJ/kgk (b) A vapour compression refrigcration system with R-12 as a
Mean spccific hcat of dry cxhaust gascs = I kJ/kgk refrigcrant handlcs refrigeration load of 14 kW for the chemical
Spccific hcat of dry stcam = 2 kJ/kgk processing plant. The evaporator tempcraturc is - 5°C and
lake Enthalpy of supcrhcatcdstcam tobe 3180 kJ/kg.
condenser temperature is 40°C. The refrigerant is subcooled by
Dctermine:
() Indicated thermal s°C before entering the expansion value and vapour is supcrheatcd
efficicncy.
() Specificfucl consumption in kg/kWh. by 6°C before entering the compressor. The compression may be
(n) Volumctric cfficiency bascd on atmospheric conditions.
assumcd to be isentropic. The compressor is running al 1000 rpm

VBD
 (b) Q.12.(a) (b) 0.11.(a)
PBD
assumingCapacity(ii) (ii) Evaluate:
(i) then
dchumidifying The amount AEvaporalive
RH. (ii)cooling.(ii) () Assumc (iv) (iii)humidity. following
Calculate
Rclative(1)humidity.
Specitfic() the (IV) (n) ()
hummd1ty
Specfic()Deinc
AmountCapacity restaurant The Take () Reficrating
COP(0) clect ()
pislon
by Hcating Cooling Explain Wet hundity
Relative andPAPER
rcquired Thc Enthalpy Dew De Compressor
heating of sl1ng-psychromctcr bulb Lqid is
BPF the atmospheric pont
lollowng Vapou
having
of of free ambient point diamcter. SOLUTION
hcating is and and temp
= coilof water cooling air following of temp sp sp bore
0.2. with throughconditions rcquired dchumidification.
mixture tcmp. tems. two0
circulatedconditions humidification. heat hcat The
vapour help and
coil pressurc 0 cyinders
processors 0stoke clearance (W-19)
ofcooling a to per 701S 6
removcd in
psychrometric are is bc OR
reads AJpk
in TR to kg kAyth lenpth
200 c
armaintaincd witlh
kW and be of for
coil first any dry 40°C
m/min 30°C 1.03 compressor piston
and by its
having achicvcd two: ai
its cooling IBPE. bar.
chart, DBT at DBT strokes
surlacc
ADP 22°C is
coil and and 2%o. L5
by
tempcrature in ofcooling 80% DBT 28°C Fnd: limes
kg/hr.
14°C RH. and os
8M 70% 5M 8M WBT. SM hat
und and The
by of
PS-118
Ans. Ans. 0.1.(b) Ans. 0.L.(a)
Q.2.(b) Q.2.(a)

efficicncy.
Isothermal(ii) Determine: Q.47.See Take (iii) (ii) Detcrminc:
(i) stroke
20°C.andbar comprcssor and T'he P.1-27,
Q.33.
Scc Derivc
of
respectively.
() intermediate
clearance
factors
are atkg/min A Sce the Define P.1-39,
Volumctric
Diamctcr prcssurcand
singlc A two
Shaft 14.75 two P.1-20,cquation IP 25°
indcx of volume.
o>stage stagc an
volumctric compressor C. slagc cxpressIon
power air
bar. is
Q.18, for of and It reciprocating
WINTER2019 ENERGY
atsingle compression clicicncy Thcrunning dclivcrsS double
pressurc the stroke tcmpcraturc (Total
SOLUTION
requircd Assume 1.01325 19. pressurc
for cfficicncy
same. 10r (Unit-Wise)
acting and at acting
LP of of 310 2.2 Opimum UNIT -I CONVERSION-I|
bar BP,cylindcr air Marks
with with =1.25 thc and
and perfectreciprocating if rpm. at air comprcSsor EXAM.
and of m
compression a mcchanical compressor. temperaturc thc
ol compressor
mechanical IIP and pressurc
rcciprocating if The IrcC cnd
20°C both
cylinders intercooling indcx clcarances 26) :
air of with (B.E.
and are for
air cfficicncy sucton
of of per delivers perfcct
the equal ambicnt minímum VIl
cfficiency index compressor cxpansion minutc
same compressor. volume SEM.
and strokc intercooling
and air
0.04 of is air
of is arc at we.,. ME-NU)
= 85%. arc is when 75
85%. and 1.25.opmum delivertU draws 1.3. 5% 1 51
Derive 8M 1.03 har boe
VBD SM of the
8M 0.07 The o
 SEM.
VII
(BE
CONVERSIONHI get
we
ride,
L) both
m'/min S.7232
=d;xLp
(L.y
ENERGY
= =dxLp
VsHp of
not
=5.7532
VsHP
.. dz d LHp)
4,98 4.980.8656 539x4d = d; square
21.030
ratio
FAD
=S39 FAD 6.86.-di 5.7232
x4 Lp
d2Ratiod 7.287
/LHP6.86/
LLP =
d
1.0622
.:.
= d
=
0.9232
.. *xLP 7.287LHP We
have
(Lp 7.2876.86
Diameter Taking
VsLp Similarly VsP Lp T
As
..
PS-119
ad tbe
both
T;
compression Inter
perfect
For =
T,
for
delivered. =T,
stroke
during LP 96)
0717493-382coolingT,
air same in
cylinders free (293-T,)(T,) compression
the kJ/kgk.
and for compression 382.96)
11IP stagediameters intercooler
=0.717 14.75
=1.01325x
P;=JPP,
(W-19)
and each -T) 1.4-1.25
compression
1L25
o.=mC,YT 1.25-1 during -
(293
LP
1.25-1
125 kg| kg|
of C, of 293|T01325) HP ) 1.005 /
in
SOLUTION elfhciency cylinder
kJ/kgk,
(v)
and -x0.717
cnd
3.865 /kg kJ/ in -T; kJ
transferred
intercooler. transferred:
lleat
(üü)) during the 382.96K
=
T, in
transferred
.Qs-6=-3.87
transferred
(T, =x :Q=-9.04
(ii) n-1 kJ
Q.53.
P.1-46,
Sce part at =3.865
.:P, =-3.87 Qs-6
=
mC, mC, 60
PAPER.
3D heat
the

of
i'olumetric
atio
0.287
cylinders.
R= Remaining
linder
60 Temperature
P
=
T, .:.Q2 Q2
=
Ileat QIc

6
Net The cy
. Ticat
() in
also Take LP
In
 ENERGY ÇONVERSION-|(B.E VIW
PS-120 SEM. MENO
BDPAPER SOLUTION (W.19) 200
17002 m/s|
UNIT - I|
Work donc/stuge Vw) work input fatn
(Total Marks : 26)
and P.V
170.02 tan|0°
0.J{a) Explan the workng of ane hN nreeY wth nct sketch

dngram 29 98m/s
See P.2-&Q4
V, lan d 170 02 tan 459
An tinl New ir compreseer of t0 reactinn deien has blades wh inie nd V,
Q3
170.02 m/s
n evtlet engles of 4$ end 10 respectivrly.
Ihe cmpreeOr is to prodece presure mtio of 6:1 with an Overal Work donc per stagc
isretrnpic efficiency of S% when air inlet tempe rafure is JI°C. The blale
200 (29.98- 170, 02) 0.29 10 3
spone avial veloci art conste nt throughout the compressor. Assunme

2lue ef 200 ms for bede spd ind velocity of Now And the number - 24.92 kJ/kg
ef stngcs rrguird hen werk facter is 0.89 for all stages. 241.86
Number of stagcs 9.70
24.92
An. Given S . T, -33+ 273- 306 K

N-10stages Ans.
Pressure rato = 6 , U= 200 nvsec
P,
04(a) Diferentiatc bctwccn centrifugal and axial flow compressor.34
Work factor = 089, a, = 45. Ans. See P.2-27, Q.27.

0.4.(b) A centrifugal compressor running at 10000 rpm delivers

To find : (i) Flow vclocity (V,) 600 m/min of frec air. The air is compressed from I bar and

(1) No. of stages (N) 20°C to'a pressure ratioof 4 with isentropic efficiency of 2.
Soln. (i) Aow veiocity: Blades are radial at outlet of impeller and low velocity of 62 ms
Can be assumed throughout constant. The outer radius is twict
= (6) T* =I.6685
Pi the inner radius and the slip factor may be assumed as 09.

.. T,= 306 x1 6685 =510.561 K The blade arca cocfficicnt may be assumed as 0.9 atinlet.
Calculate:
Now, ni T,-T,
(0) Final temperature of air.

(ii) Theorctical power.

085 = Z10.561- 306
I, -306
(iii) Impcller diameter at inlet and outlct.

T, =S46 66 K (iv) Width of impcller at inlet.

Theoretical work required pcr kg. (v) Impeller blade angle at inlet.
(vi) Diffuser blade angle at inlet.
=C, (T, -T)=1005 (546.66 - 306)
- 241 86 KJKg
Ans, Given: V=600 m/min,
U N= 10000 rpm, Po =l bar,
= tan a + lan ß, = tan 45 + tan 10

To = 20° C=20+ 273 =293 K

U176
V.
fp =4, ne =0.82, V, =62 m/s.
 PAPER
RD SOLUTION (W-19)
D, =2D, =0.9 PS121 ENERGY COWVERSIONI(BE, VII SEM, WEHO)
Blade arca cocfficient - 0.19
=9
To find: (I) T,
(2) P=?
Ientropic cfficiemy.
(3) D, and D, =?
(4) B=?

(5) B, =? 022
435.39-293
T,-293
(6) a, =?

Final tempcraturc of air:

Thermass flowrate P
Let,
2C
109 z10
V, = Vf =62 m/s 0.287 293

:. m=1|.89 kg/s
62
T, = 293
2x1.005 x10 (2) Power input (theoretical):

T, = 291K W= C, (T;-T)
= 1,005 (466.65 - 293)
We know that,
:W= 174.51 kJkg

p=mW=11.89 x]74.51

|p=2075.02 kW
14
291 14-1 and outlet:
(3) Impeller diameters at inlet
:.P=293
W=¢U
P, =0.976 bar
.:. 174.51x10 =0.9x U}
Density of air,
.:. U, = 440.34 mIs
0.976x 105
P 287 x 291 It gives impcller
diametcr at outlct,
P RT.

3
D,N
P, =1.l69 kg / m 60

-Up2-T) 440.34 x 60

Work done =¢,

IX]0000

m or 84.09 cm
.: D, =0.84098

inlet,
Impeller diamctcr at

84.09
1.4-] 2
2(4) I4
Tol D,= 42.045 cm
VBD
Ti148S
To
 ENERGY CONVERSION-I| (B.E. VII SEM, ME-NIN
PS-122
VBD PAPER SOLUTION (W-19)
UNIT - IV
(4) Breadth of Impcller at inlet:
(TotalMarks : 28)
mV V
B, =
nD, V nD,V,
frictional powcr in IC omot
07(a) List the mcthods of dctermination of
10
Ix04204 x62 Explain any onc method. SM
Sce P.4-12, ).3.
|B, =0122 mor 2.2lcm Ans.
mm borc and l00
0.7.(b) In a test of 4cylindcr, 4 stroke cnginc 76
(S)Impcller bladec inlct angle: throute
stroke. thc following results wcrc oblaincd at ful
62
tan , Darticular constant spccd and with Iixcd sctting of fucl supplv of

TxO4204 x 10000
6 kg/hr.
rD, N
15.6 kw
60 60
BP with all cylinders working=
kW
U, - 22012 m/s BPwith cylindcr no 1 cut-out =11.
kW
BPwith cylinder no 2 cut-out = 11.03
6
tan ßi 320 12 BP with cylinder no 3 cut-out = 10.88
kW

BP with cylinder no 4 cut-out = 10.66

kW.
tan B, = 0.281
1f the calorific valve of fuel is 43600 kJ/kg and clearance volume
B, =15.73° |
is 0.0001m.Calculate:
(6)Diffusers blade anglc at inlct: (i) Mechanícal efficiency.
62 (ii) Indicated thermal efficiency.
tan a ,
0.02 0.9x 440.34
(iii) Air standard efficiency.
a, =8.8° Ans. See P.PS-34, Q.7(b).

Q.8. A full load test on a 2-stroke engine gives following results:

Speed = 440 mm
UNIT - II
Brake load = 50 kg
(TotalMarks : 28)
mep =3 bar

0.5.(a) Explain the working of two stroke Sl engine with the hclp of neat Fuelconsumption = S4 kg/hr
sketch. 7M
Rise in jacket water temp = 36° C
Ans. See P.3-9, 0.6. Jacket water flow rate = 440 kg/hr
Q.5.(b)Explain with neat sketch the working of simplc carburctor and statc Air fuel ratio by mass = 30

the reasons why it is not practically used. 7M

Temp. of cxhaustgas = 350°C
Ans. See P.3-34, Q.49.
Temp. of test room = 17°C
Q.6.(a) Explain the stages of combustion in Cl enginc with the hclp of P-0
Baromctric prcssurc = 76 cm of Hg
diagram. 7M
Cylindcr diamcter= 22 cm
Ans. See P.3-25, Q.32.
Stroke =25 cm
0.6.(b) Explain the phenomenon of detonation in Sl engine. Compare it
Brake diameter = 1.2 m
with knocking in CI engine.
Calorific value of fuel = 43 MJ/kg
Ans. See P.3-21, 22, Q.26 and P.3-29, 0.38.
Proportion of Hydrogen by mass in fucl = 15%

VBD
 PAPERRSOLUTION(W-19)
R0.287 kJ/kgk
PS-123 ENERGY CONVERSION- (B.E. V| SEM. ME-NU)
Ans.
Meanspecific heat of dry cxlhaust yases | kJk:K
PA
Specific of dry stcam 2 kJ/k:K

take Enthalpy ol Sipcrheatcd steam to be 3180 kA

Condensation
Expansion 2
Dctcrminc: Pressure
lodicatcd thermal eficicney

i) Spccific fucl consumption in kp/kWh. NG

...Volunctric cllicicncy based on atmospheric conditions
RE
neaw un a hcat balance shect for he test on per minute
and percentagc lbasis.

14M
Enthalpy (H)
Scc P.PS-71,0.8.

UNIT -V 348 K
303 K
(TotalMarks : 26)

09.4a) Explain with T-S and P-h chart, the mcthods to improve COP of
simple vapour compression refrigeration system. SM 268 K-- 4

Ans. See P.5-8, 4, Q.16, 8.

Entropy
0.9.(b) A vapour compression refrigerator circulates 4.5 kg of NII,
m=4.5 kg
per hour. Condensation takes place at 30°C and evaporation
Cpsup 2.82 kJ / kgK
at - 15°C.
(i) COP =h-h4
There is no undercooling of refrigerant. h, -hË
compression is 75° C and sp. h,10-15° C= 1426 kJ/kg
The temperature after isentropic
kJ/kgK.
heat of superheated vapour is 2.82 n4@-15°C =nr@-5c +X nfg@-15°C .(1)
8M
Determine:
h2@75c = hBa0 t mCPsup (Tgup -Tsat)
(i) COP.
= 1469 + 4.5 x 2.82 (75 -30)
evaporator from water at 20°C
(ii) Ice produced in Kg/hr in
= 2040.0S kJ/kg
and ice at 0°C .(2)
Now, S = S4
= 336 kl/kg.
Take enthalpy of fusion of ice kJ/kgK
kJ/kgK. Sy =S.30*c =1.204
Sp. heat of water = 4.187

Propcrties of NIl, are as follows: (2) => 1.204 =S,1sc t xSg,-1sc

Entropy (k.J/kgK) Sp. volume
Sat. Enthalpy (kJ/kg) .L204 =0.457 +x (5.549 - 0.457)
(mkg)
Temp. (x) X=0.146|
Vapour Liquid Vapour
Liquid kJ/kg
4.984 0.111 H -sc =112.1
1469 1.204
303 23.1
5.549 0.509 (1)= h4 =112.1+0.146 (1426-112.1)
1426 0.457
258 112.1
.. h4 =303.93 kJ / kg
VBD
 ENERGY CONVERSION-l (B.E, Vu
VBD PAPER SOLUTION (W-19)
PS-124 SEM. ME-NU)
UNIT -Vì
1426 - 303.93
COP =
2040.05- 1426 (Total Marks : 26)
COP = 1.827
tcrms:
0.11.(a) Definc following
(ii) Actual hcal extractcd o refrigcration cflect produccd per kW hout
() Spccific humidity.
SNI
-W COP
(i)Rclativc humidity,
3600 1827
-6577 2I (iii) Dew point tcmp.
We know that hcat eutracted fron Iko ofwater at 20°C for the fomation o1 (iv) Wet bulb temp.

Ans. Sce P.6-2, 3, Q.5(6), 5(9), 5(4), 5(2).

Ikg of ce at 0°C

mC, x20°C+336
o b The sling-psychromcter rcads 40*C DBT and 28°C wRT
Calculatc the following: 8N1
=|x4.I87 20 + 336 =416.74 kJ
(i) Spccific humidity.
65772
Amounl of icc produccd (ii) Relativc humidity.
419.74
(i)Dewpoint temp.
= 1$.66 kgkW hour

Q.10.(a) Write short notes on any two: SM (iv) Enthalpy of mixture per kg of dry air

() Vapour Absorption Rcfrigeration System. Assume atmospheric pressure to be 1.03 bar.

Ans. Sce P.S-14, Q.25. Ans. See P.PS-40, Q.11(b).

0.12.(a) Explain the following processors any two:
(ii) Properties of an ldcal refrigerant.
Ans. See P.5-20, Q.32. () Cooling and dchumidification.

(üi) Refrigerant Nomenclaturc. Ans. See P.6-14,Q.19(3).

Ans. See P.5-24, Q.37. (ii) Evaporative cooling.

Q.10.(b) A vapour compression refrigeration system with R-12 as a Ans. See P.6-14, Q.19(2).
refrigerant handles refrigeration load of 14 kW for .the chemical (ii) Heating and humidification.

processing plant. The evaporator temperature is -5°C and Ans. See P.6-16, Q.20(i).

Q.12.(b) A restaurant is required to be maintained at 22° CDBT and 70%

condenser lemperaturce is 40°C. The refrigerant is subcooled by

S°C before entering the cxpansion value and vapour is superhcatcd RH. Thc ambicnt conditions are 30°C DBT and 80% RIT. The

by 6°C before cntering the compressor. The compression may bc amount of frec air circulated is 200 m/ min

assumed to be isentropic. The compressor is running at 1000 rpm The rcquired conditions are first achicved by cooling and
and is having two cylinders with piston strokes 1.5 times as that of dehumidifying through a cooling coil having ADP of 14C and
piston diameter. The clearance for compressor is 2%. Find: 8M
then by hcating with hclp of psychrometric chart,
() Refrigerating effect. 8M
Evaluate:
(i) COP.
()Capacity of cooling coilin TR and its BPF.
(ii))Compressor bore and stroke length.
(1) Amount of water vapour removed by cooling coil in kgn.
Take :- Liquid sp. hcat = 0.963 kJ/kgk temperature by
(iii) Capacity of hcating coil in kW and its surface
Vapour sp. heat =0.7035 kJ/kgk.
assuming BPF 0.2.
Ans. See P.PS-50, Q.9. Ans, See P.PS-25, Q.12(a).

VBD
 ce. ce only casc
ight es internal
the o 12500
rpm. n to d warics
ne cs c pressor
the c rapidly only equation
tol supplyincCases. rotor whcn tn
roots clearance faster drsplacement pressure
3.6 is
is the
blower,. with for the that given
parts. than constant d1scharge ratto
single air the
provided an by
from the and
increase the
stage spccd not pot cficiency
0.15 during ratio
compresSion. is
betwecn in machine opencd
m' because of of
pressurce inlct iscntropic
/min and the
the and the and r
to the

2-8
Ans. OR 0R
OR (S)
Q.4.
1(b). port.
Thc casing, of The slots Thedelivery metallic It
DLOWER
VANE
Fig. WhenWorking : Cngine, carbon.of inlcthasposition casing.
A Casing blower:
V'ane Rate
rotor outcr
provided vancs small consists EplaindiagramalDeseribe EplainEplain
so,compresor.
p-V ofdelnen
is cdgc are rcceiver by The Fig. with any
diagram rotated springs rotor of 1
onstructlon with one
of mountcd
for a (a) ENERGY
tlhc them, and rolor neat neat of
is against has Vane Recelver 0r ait
for by vanes P
providcd discharge and sketeh sketeh
eompesor vaties
vanc the Each in numbcr locatcd typo
primc rcmains such the workng CONVER9ION-l
type slot tister
at air rotary worklug #orkng
carrics nonncr a of
port. light ccccntrically wlth thn
rolary mover the
in slots of
contact The casing comprossor P. vne uf ufneat the
one top
compressOr such that containing vnnee eed (B,E.
whiclh vancs in type vne eleteb.
vanc. as VIl
as witlh thcy shown n blowee.
nro cylindricnl eompres: ype
clectric the cun is SEM,
is inncr connccted usunlly invancs beaw tnty
slide l'lg. M
s molor
0D showvn surlacO hold p NO)
in (a). l oulcr nle
tlhe o1 in
in to

() (2) (1)

tenipetatue
Dharpe weiht Advuntwges
Iiphtin Vme blower Nomally, llan
pCNOiC Fig
r wokThe
per the
Iye ()1
i toots
minute talio,
nilimited
t vane V
blowet
nt lype the
to vne
pre pret
ab coE
 3 12

LeSs
It Dischargeweight. Advantagcs :
LightinSmaller uc Tae blower peNomally,
arir vane Ihanpressure
ratio, and
Comparing expression : The and B.
Ashown The for air The D. ishatically spacc Whcn Fig.
tequire the roots work work The
the compression afer P4
overall to type d thc P;
highcr isminute roots in further nbetwvanes Pe
in limited P-V input
samc vanc cqualization further eenthe rotor (b) 1
less lemperature
maintenance size air blowcr. arca done and upto compressor p-V
work and
cíliciency
comprcssor blower. lhe diagram capacilyblowers rotation rolates,
diagram B
pressure at type shovwn per to is
to of supplicdpressure A
Input compact about vane It he air of
compressors is revolution pressure the
Fig.
compressor
andrequire, of and
of and scen
thatfor in is the for
cOSt. type due 1 rotor, trapped air
thanthe compressed 3000 the pressurc to
occupy conmpact are ratio
upto 1(b) and casing drawn vane
compressor p-V to in the the
uscd rpm. with which less
decrease receiverreceiver volume
roots usedare to diagram is risc. work trapped at from rotary type receiver
from
flow rise
-Irreversible
pressure
less size in N volume
8.5. the isgiven and the -Isentropic
air super-charging vanes througlh
decreases due
blower. is Spact. and nothing compared inopened air surounding
The requires given of by volume to
low. is V
light deliver vane is the delivery back
speedof given gradually and
air but vanes. from
in input
Vork
less type area to and pressurc
upto flow the port is
weight. by roots V,
aero compressor sum1-d-2-e-f backflow
vane 150m' and following at compresscd
to
engines blower pressure V P
given of in
type area of and the
of as
2-9

Ans. Q.5. (5) (4) (3) (2) (1) (7) (6)

Screw Helical
rotary
Driven
reducing
passage. air IncompresSor :
The ScrewDiscuss of Disadvantages
vanes.ofSpccd clean.Internal
Problem Much
more
: Maycflicient.
no of A The The with It The portConstruction In : Ratc Compresscd
this, vancs
suction its four consist screw gets not
female maleconcave arrangement in principle of of
speed. the Discharge Suction with dclivery in of
lobe compressor, pushed rotor rotor compressor lubrication require
and rotor of housing wear
two has of ncat air ENERGY
Both male rotor contour
discharge consists helically Compressor
ScrewFig. forward spiral screw of slots.dclivcry ofexpensive
the rotor has of Driver sketch air
screw and is is tips
rotors gullies which the lobes blower changes
will of
piston screw is limitcd necessary theof CONVERSION-II
valves. grooved suction due noisy
compressor foundation.
are drive and lobes are Housing to
along is vanes.
by with becausc
placed is and mesh Discharge screw similarcompressor. and so
six the rotors.
helical and its
length.
specd. pulsating delivery
ingully driven with is discharge to of
asscrew action,
a normally One that the (B.E.
cylindrical female each shown As of
rotor. with rotor. of duc radial
valve compressed the the compresscd VII
other in to
rotor the convex rotor roots sliding SEM.
Fig. sliding
casings. driving is
VBD at a replace Suction rotates blower. W-14/5M)
two and due motion motion ME-NU)
housing. is
It rotor. other not
has third by to the
 UNIT
(Total Marks : 26)
Describe find:(i) IP
cffcctive pressurc? any one To
0.7.(a) What
is mcan method of
28) Indicated powcrof
an IC cnginc. (ii) n
measuring
disadvantagcs of internal
11, 0.1, 2. (iii)
Ans. See P.4-10,
ngines. 4-cylinder, 4 stroke engine of 76 mm bore and 100
a test ofa
over the
externa! Q.7.(b)Inmm stroke,the following results were obtained at full throttle at
Ion cngine
Soln.
a particular constant specd and with fixed setting of fuel supply Indicated po
lighter : ()
Pa
heayy Due to of6.0 kg/hr.
s bulky and
working = 15.6 KW. All cyli
run cven small
n be used to B.P.with all cylinder
cut out = 11.1KW, Cylind
B.P. with cylinder no. 1
out = 11.03 KW.
B.P. with cylinder no. 2 cut Cylind
safe to use due
e IS not very
out = 10.88 KW.
B.P. with cylinder no. 3cut Cylinc
boiier.
= 10.66 KW.
B.P. with cylinder no, 4 cut out
ried immediately :
Cylin
If the calorific value of fuel is 43600 kJ/kg and clearance volume
cnginc takes a long time
is 0.0001 m.Calculate :

(i) Mechanical efficiency.

igher efficiency than
Indicate
(ü) Indicated thermal efficiency.

(ii) Air standards efficiency. 101

bout 20% whereas an (ii) Mechani
Ans. Given : Nelinder =4
y up to 40%.
Mmech =
compression ignition) Four stroke petrol engine .:. n= 2
ition engine? SM
D=76 mm =0.076 m

e carburetor and state A='0.076)?

4
nmech
SM.
=4.53 x10-m2 (ii) Air sta
L=100 mm =0.1 m
troke diesel engine?
Nair std
6
mp =6 kg/hr =
3600
Vs
=1.67 x10 kg/sec

VBD
 DPAPER.sOLUTION (S-16)
SEM. ME-NU)
ENERGY CONVERSION-J (B.E. VIl
-NU)
arc it
BP= 15.6 kw PS-35

Comparison ratio,
BP, =J.Ikw
M
BP, =11.03 kW Ve

4.53 x 10-4
BP, =10.88 kw
0.0001

BP, = 10.66 kW ?=5.53

Cy =43600 kJ/kg

V. =0.0001/ m
of 1.982
?
To find : (i) IP =
Nair t4 = 49.54% Ans.
(i) Nmech =?
following results at full load:
Q.8. A test on a two-stroke engine gave the
00 (iii) nair=?
Speed= 350 rpm,
at
Soln. Net brake load = 65 kg.
ly Indicated power : Mep =3 bar

Particular BP IP (kw) Fuelconsumption =4 kg/hr.

All cylinder fired(BP) 1s.6 Jacket cooling water flow rate = S00 kg/hr.

Cylinder lcut-off 11.1 15.6 - 11.l =4.5 Jacket water temperature at inlet = 20°C

40°C
Cylinder 2 cut-off 11.03 15.6 - 11.03 = 4.57 Jacket water temperature at outlet =

Cylinder3 cut-off 10.88 15.6 - 10.88 = 4.72 Test room temperature = 20°C

10.66 15.6- 10.66 = 4.94

Cylinder4 cut-off Temperature of exhaust gases = 400°C

= 18.73
EIP Air used per kg of fuel = 32 kg.

Cylinder diameter =22 cm,

Ans.
Indicated power = 18.73 kW Stroke =28 cm

Mechanical efficiency (mech ) : Effective brake diameter = ]m

Calorific value of fuel = 43 MJ/kg.

BP
mech =
IP Proportion of hydrogen in fuel= 15%
Specific heat of dry exhaust gas = 1 kJ/kgK
15.6 -=0.8329
18.73 Specific heat of steam =2.1 kJ/kgK
Sensible heat of water at room temperature = 62 kJ/kg.
Mmech = 83.29% Ans.
Latent heat of steam =2250 kJkg
(ii Air standard efficiency : for the test on kJ/
FindB.P., J.P. and draw up heat balance sheet
1
and percentage basis.

See P.4-62, Q.39.

Ans.
4.53x 10-3
Vs = LA = 0.1x
V
Vs =4.53 x10-m
 calorific value of fuel
necombustion efficicncy
8M Qin = mQr Me:
Q.8. Afull load
test on a 2-stroke engine gives following results : 13M

Specd - 440 rpm

Brake load - 50 kg
Imep - 3 bar
Fuel consumption 0 5.4 kg/h
Rise in jacket water temperature - 36°C

Jacket water flow rate - 440 kg/hr

Air fuel ratio by mass - 30

Temperature of exhaustgas - 350°C.

Temperature of test room - 17°C.

Barometricpressure -76cm of Hg
Cylinder diameter - 22 cm

Stroke- 25 cm

Brake diameter - 1.2 m

Calorific valueof fuel - 43 MJ/kg

R=0.287 kJ/kg

Mean specific heat of dry exhaust gases = 1 kJ/kgk

Specific heat of dry steam - 2 kJ/kg.K

Take,

115 Enthalpy of superheated steam to be 3180 kJ/kg.

 To R=0.287
kJ/kg H,
=15%CV=4300
Cp %kJ/kg =0.6m
Refr =1.2m
Deft L=25 D=22
find sup h P, Troom =350°c I m,,
m, m, WsSDAg50
8I400 N440
N ipm Giien Draw
()olumetric () :
deg =
=1.01325 (i) Determinc
3180 76 =440 lndicated
(iv) (ii)
Nvol. : =1.0 cm cm = = : Speeile
bsfc(ii) (1) cm Tg 30 IWw up
Heat Tith kJ/kg kg/ =0.25 =0.22 Nn
haI0
r a
of
=17°C=17+273= kg/ stroke
bar Hg heat uelthermal
balance kgK m m, hr
B600
eicieney
engne halance
consunptlon
=l.01325 3600 S4
A 440 (N17) ON
eciency.
sheet. =
0.0380 kg/sec.
0.1222 for
x bascd
10 the
290 in
test on
m N/m g/Wh.
K on
atmospherie
the
percentage

condilonN
bastM

(1) Nolu.
(iii)

huve,We Iuve,Wo
havc,We
Volumetric BP power, consumptlon:
Brakc BP Speciflefuel ludicated
=1.21Pair
m, Again, kg/m' and m, bsfc BP 2.40 h% lndicated
elticiency
thermal
=0.045
kg/secm, = 20000
density =30 = =
13560.37 (V
t,
= = 13.S6
Pir 0.3982 0 tlheml
10x36001.5 x kW
BP
in 2x
440 W20
of 1.1035x cfficicncy 3600 m
x kW 60 )25
Vact x W o0
air, kg 13.56 | 10'3000 1.5 90 ctleleucy
X / 490.5
0.6x x 602rN kW 0.
60 N Pair kW.hr 018
bascd 209
NeylXn
x x 440
Relf i
RT,
R_1.01325x 10 on x
atmospheric (w.
287290 x s)

condition
 E-NUY

(3

m, Mass and Ma30 ieat and utilization

kg/sec.
=0.045m, 10-3
1.5x m Qw) % Qwi j Heat Heat Heat : ., Qin A)balance
sheet:
Heat 0.5338 '
% Heat "=
S338 % 5.071xV,
m equivalent =l = eficiency.
volumetric 10n3
= flow
m, carried =1105. =0.1222 =carried BP =3870 045=1.21xVact X
my =813.6kJ/min =13.56x 60 = Sx m,
+m, 1105.16 = BP VatsLS.071xV,l0
of 3870 x 813.6
10x43000 xCVx supplicd
16 3870 x
exhaust 30 away x Cpw away 60 to kJ LA
kJ/ 4.187x X BP: /min 60
(Qi):
28.55 =%
by min (two by21.02% 0.038
0.25 x 60440
gas x
dry 30-Lwi)x water 60
exhaust x
60
jacket
60
gaS :
i

PS-73

(4)

Qdeg % Mass mu,0 Mass and,

and, have,We =22.71%
Qdex % Qdg "deg M,0
Qu,oand % Heat 73,465
AJ/kg h h, leat =879,12
kJ/min Qd mdey
u,0 hyh =3180kJ/ flow kg/sec
0.065 +|5x10045 0
(h-h,)o0H,ou,o carricd flow
carried mag Heat 0.044 2
m, of
2025x at 3870879.12 0.044 = of 025 ENERGY
377.322 Tg xcarried -mH,o dry steam
away away CPdg kg x |00
kg xI(350 exhaust 10 100
377.322 l0 /sec formed,
3870 by 817°C (given) x(T, away
kI/ by kg/
steanm 0.0465 CONVERSION-I|
steam -17) sec
kg (| - by gas,
9,74 TR)x dry
80 tomed, formed: x -
- 60 cxhaust
60 2
7440S)x 025
|0
gas, (B.E,
o0
VII
SEM.

ME-NU)
 PS-74
tat
VDPAPER SOLUTION(W-17) Cyele with dry
(6)
(5) Unaccounted heat loss:

Qua =Qin (BP + O, Oy,o)

=3870 -(813.6 +1|05.16 +879 12 +377322)

- 694,8 kg/min

694.8
%Qa 3870

(ii)
Cycle with wet
%Q.n= 17.95 %

Hcat balance sheet :

% 3
Sr. No. Particulars kJ/min

3780 100%
(A) Heat supplied (Qin)

(B) Heat utilization :

(1) Heat equivalent to BP 813.6 21.62

1105.16 28.55 (iiü) Cycle with sup

(2) Heat carried by water jacket
P+
(Qu)
(3) Heat carried away by dry 819.12 22.71

exhaust gas (Qdg)

(4) Heat carriedaway by steam 377.322 9.74 4

formed (QHw)
(iv) Cycle with s
(5) Unaccounted heat loss (Q.. ) 694.8 17.95
P+
Total 100%
3

UNIT -V
(Total Marks :
 Hcat cart
(2)
dry exhaust gas (Qdry) 1871.57
(3) Heat carTied by 23.87
by steam formed 732.41
9.34
(4) Heat carricd away

1232.12 1s.98
(S) Unaccountedheat loss (O.. )
Total 99.98 ~100 %

UNIT -V
(Total Marks : 26)
as a
0.9. Vapour compression refrigeration system with R-12
chemical
refrigerant handies refrigeration load of 14 kW for the
and the
processing plant. The evaporator temperature is -5°C
sub cooled
condenser temperature is 40°C. The refrigerant is

expansion valve the vapour

by s°C before entering the exp

VBD
 DPAPERs
SOLUTION (W-16)

-NU) superheated by 6° C
beforc cntering
PS-51 ENERGY CONVERSION.J1 (B.E. VII SEM. ME-NU)
the
assumed to be isentropic, comprcssor. The
compression may be vaporator,
The
issrunning
run at 1000 rpm
and is having two comprcssor T, =Tg +6°C
stroke1.5 times as that of
cylinders with piston
niston diamcter. The =-54+60
compressionis 2%. .
Deternminc : clearance for the
(0) Refrigerating efTect.
Properties of refrigerant R-12 from refrigeration table:
(li) Mass
low rate of
refrigerant in kg/min
(ii)COP At -s°C

(iv) Compressor volumetric cfficieney h, =349.321kJ / kg

(v) Compressor borc and stroke length. Sg =1.55710 kJ/ kg
Take liquid specific heat =0.963 kJ/keK
V, =0.00649629 m / kg
Vapour specific heat =0.7035 kJ/kgK
Given: Refrigerant R-12, Cpy =0.635 kJ/ kg
N

14
Q=14 kW==4 TR, At 40°C
3.5
h, =367.146 kJ / kg
T; =-5°C, Te =40°C,
S =1.540S7 kJ/ kgk
Nol =2, N¡ct =1,
v, =0.0181706 mIkg
N= 1000 pm,

L=1.5 D, C= 2%=0.02. Cyy =0.776 kJ/ kgK

To find: (i) RE, At 35°C

(ü) m, hr =203.498 kJ / kg
(iii) COP, Caleulation of specific enthalpies :

(iv) Mcomp. (volumetric)» Specific enthalpy at point

(v) L, D. h, =h, +Cpv (T| -T) at - s°c

T+
hy =349.321+0.635(1-(-5)
2
40°C |h, =353.131kJ /kg
3/
35°c Specific enthalpy at point 2 can be calculated by,
1°c Specific entropy at point 1= Specific entropy at point 2
-5°C
4 T, +273 at - s°c
Sp +Cpu nTt 273
T,+273 at 40°C
=S, +Cp nT +273
1+273
T;=Te -5° =40-5 1.55710+0.635 In:
|-5+273
|T, =35°C|
before leaving
superheated by 6
Refrigerant vapour is
 at- 5°
=l.s4057 40.776 n ; +273| T,At +273
|40+273
= 0.0649629
1+ 273
T, =S2.38°C (-S+ 273

Specific enthalpy at point2 : kg

V, =0.06641 m'/
h,=h +Cpv (T2-Tata 40°C
=367.146 +0.776 (52.38 40)
V,=Vt 273
T, +273
at 40°C

h, =376.91 kJ/kg (52.238+273

= 0.0181706|
Specific enthalpy at point 4: 40+ 273

h, =h, =h, at 3$°C

V, =0.0189 m' /kg
h4 =h, = 233,498 kJ / kg 0.06641
() Nvol =1+0.2 - 0.02 0.0189
=0,9497
Refrigerating effect per kg :

RE=h-h4
kg
nvol =94.97°f

LandD:
Ans.

=353.131- 233.498 (v)

piston disp. = LAN x Neyl XNout
RE =119.633 kJ/ kg Ans.
piston disp. = m x VË
(i Mass of refrigerant Mow :
=7.02 x 0.06641
mg = 210xQ
h, -h4 PD=0.466 m /min
210x 4
353.131-233.498 0.466= LxD'x1000
4
x2xl (L= 1.SD)
m = 7.02 kg/min Ans.
0.466 =1.SDxD x1000 x 2>x1
(iii) COP:
|D=0.058 m Ans.
COP = RE
Wc Hence,
L=1.5 D
h, -h, =1.5x 0.058

353.131- 233.498
376.91-353.131
L=0.0874 m Ans.
va
Q.10.(a) Sketch and explain in brief the working of simple
COP =5.03| Ans. applications whtic
absorption system. Give suitable industrial
Compression
Volumetric efficiency of compression : with advantage over vapour
(iv) system can be used

refrigeration system.
Mvol
Ans. See P.5-14, 16, Q.25, 26, 27.
propertiesof
desirable
Q.10.(b) How are refrigerants classified? Explain
=1+0.02-0.02
refrigerant.
Specific volume at point 1 Ans. See P.S-21,22, Q.34, 35.
 sOLUTION W-15)
geran(
nomenclaturc.
PS-25 ENERGY CONVERSION-l (B.E.Vn SEM. ME-NO)
y S 4Q.37,
,
CMM 200 m'/ min

ADP 14°C
UNIT -VI
(TotalMarks : 26)
Outdoor Outdoor
the following terms :
Ntie condition ’ condition
sNwiichumidity Air in Air out

Relativehumidity

)pont tempcrature Cooling and

dehumidifying
Mgre ofsaturation ADP = 14°C
M
P6-2,Q.5. To find : (i) Cooling capacity of coil in TR and BPFc =?

9Anlainthe.following processes ; (ii) m. removed=?

aling and dehumidification
P.615, Q.19(3).
(iii) Cooling coilcapacity in kW and EST =?

Hcating and humidification Soln. Draw the process on psychometric chart :

K SeP.616,Q.20(1). (1) Locate point with DBT, =30°C and ¢y =80%

Eplain with neat sketch and psychrometric chart winter air Locate ADP = 14°C on saturation curve and join 1to ADP by a
conditioning (2)

dotted line.
See P.6-23, Q.33.
(3) Locate point 3, DBT, = 22°C and , = 70% and draw horizontal
nrtial Arestaurant is required to be maintained at 22° C DBT and
line through point 3 till it cuts line I to ADP, we get point 2.
"0% RIJ. The ambient conditions are 30°C DBT and80% RH.
(4) 1-2-3 required process.
The amount of free air eirculated is 200 m' /min. The required
hy =86
conditions are first achieved by cooling and dehumidifying
hg = 53
through cooling coil having ADP of 14°C and then by heating h2 =47
1 W =0.0213
with the help of psychrometric chart, evaluate:

0) Capacity of cooling coil in TR and its by-pass fnctor. =70% W2 =W3 = 0.0118
ADP =14°c
lkg/hr.
(0) Amount of water vapour removed by cooling coil in 1

temperatur
(i) Capacity of cooling coil in kW and its surface
8N1
by assuming BPF = 0.2.
DBT, DBT3 DBT;
Ans, Given: Outdoor Conditions =16.5 =22°C =30°C V=0.888
DBT, =30°C From psychrometric chart

, =80 % h, =86 kJ/kg

Required condition : O, =0.0213 kg/kg of dryair.

DBT, = 22°C h, =47 kJ /kg

= 70%
VBD
 ENERC
PS-26

BDPAPER SOLUTION (W-15)

2
O = 0; =0.0118 kg/ kg of dry air rma
W1
h =53kJ /kg

DBT, = 16.5°C
EST DBT;
V) =0.88S m'/kg of dry air BPEu =
EST - DBT,

() Cooling coil capacity andby - pass factor of coil : EST - 22

0.2 = EST - 16.5
CMM 200
M.Rof air low per min 0.888

EST = 23.37°C Ans.

.. m, = 225.22 kg /min
following :
0.12.(b) Write in short notes on the
.:. cooling willcapacity = m,(h) -h) comfort
(i) Factors affecting human
= 22S.22 (86 47)
See P.6-18, Q.23.
= S783.7S KJ/min Ans.
(ii) Evaporative cooling.
= $783.78/60

= 146.39 kW Ans. See P.6-29, Q.39.

= 146.39/3.5

Cooling coil capacity = 41.87 TR Ans.

By pass factor ofcooling willis

DBT, - ADP 16.5- 14
BPFc =
DBT, - ADP 30 -14

BPFC =0. 156| Ans.

(ii) Mass of water vapour removed:

2 3 EST

my = m, (0 - 02)

- 225.22 (0.0213 0.0118)

=2.13 kg/min
m, =2.13 x 60

m., = 128.37 kg /hr of water vapour removed| Ans.

(ii) Heating coil capacity in kw and EST if BPF, = 0.2 :

Cooling coilcapacity = m, (h,-h,)

-225.22 (53 47)
= 1351.32 kJ/min

1351.22
= 22.52 kW
60

Cooling coilcapacity =22.52 kW Ans.