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GC Pressure 1.8

The document explains the concept of pressure as force per unit area, detailing how it varies with force and area, and how it changes with depth and density in liquids. It includes calculations for pressure, examples of pressure in everyday contexts, and discusses air pressure and hydraulics. Key equations such as p = F/A and ∆p = ρg∆h are presented alongside practical applications and experiments.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
8 views31 pages

GC Pressure 1.8

The document explains the concept of pressure as force per unit area, detailing how it varies with force and area, and how it changes with depth and density in liquids. It includes calculations for pressure, examples of pressure in everyday contexts, and discusses air pressure and hydraulics. Key equations such as p = F/A and ∆p = ρg∆h are presented alongside practical applications and experiments.

Uploaded by

ahana.jain.aj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Pressure

By Deepa Rajwar
Syllabus:

Define pressure as force per unit area; recall and use the
equation
p = F/A
Describe how pressure varies with force and area
in the context of everyday examples
Describe, qualitatively, how the pressure beneath the surface of
a liquid changes with depth and density of the liquid
Recall and use the equation for the change in pressure
beneath the surface of a liquid
∆p = ρg∆h
What would be more painful?

Being trodden on by a 55kg Or being trodden on by a 3


woman wearing stiletto tonne elephant?
heels?
The woman’s foot in the stiletto heel! The whole of the
woman’s weight is concentrated on a very small area, whereas
the elephant’s weight is much more spread out – it exerts less
pressure!
Calculating pressure

Pressure = Force
area
Calculating pressure

Pressure = Force
area
Force is measured in Newtons (N)
Area is measured in metres (m2)

The unit of pressure is Newtons


per square metre (N/m2)
Calculating pressure

Pressure = Force
area

Another name for Newton per metre squared


is the Pascal (Pa)
Calculating pressure
1. A box on the floor has a weight of 250 newtons.
The area that the box rests on is 0.25m2. calculate
the pressure under the box

2. A hose causes a force of 8000N from the water


over an area of 0.5m by 0.5m. Calculate the
pressure.
Calculating pressure
1. A box on the floor has a weight Pressure = F
of 250 newtons. The area that the A
box rests on is 0.25m2. calculate = 250/0.25
the pressure under the box = 1000N/m2

2. A hose causes a force of 8000N Pressure = F


from the water over an area of A
0.5m by 0.5m. Calculate the = 8000/0.25
pressure. =32000N/m2
Examples of Pressure

1. Increase the pressure by reducing the area.

The area under the edge of The studs on a football boot have a
the blade of the knife is very small area of contact with the
ground. This means that the
small. Beneath it the pressure beneath the studs is
pressure is very high, so the sufficient for them to sink into the
blade can be pushed easily ground and provide additional grip.
through materials such as
fruit.
Examples of Pressure

1. Reduce the pressure by increasing the area.

Skis have a large area to Wall foundations have a


reduce the pressure on the large horizontal area. This
snow so they do not sink in reduces the pressure
too deep. beneath so that the wall does
not sink deeper into the
ground.
Air Pressure

Air pressure in the


atmosphere acts in all
directions.

Air pressure gets less as


you rise up through the
atmosphere. The
atmosphere is denser at
lower levels.
Air Pressure

Air pressure in the


atmosphere acts in all
directions.

Air pressure gets less as


you rise up through the
atmosphere. The
atmosphere is denser at
lower levels.

At sea level, atmospheric


pressure is about 100
kPa
Air Pressure

Crushed can experiment

Air
removed
Atmospheric by
pressure vacuum
crushes the pump
can.
Pressure in liquids
Pressure in liquids

Pressure acts in all


directions
Pressure
increases
with
depth
Properties:

Pressure acts in all directions. The liquid pushes on all


surfaces it is in contact with. For a submarine this means that
pressure is being exerted equally on all parts of the hull.
Pressure increases with depth. The deeper a liquid, the
greater the weight above and so the higher the pressure. This
is why dams are built with a taper towards a thicker base.

Pressure depends upon the density of the liquid. The more


dense a liquid, the higher the pressure at any given depth.

Z
Pressure in liquids
Properties:
Pressure doesn’t depend upon the shape of the container.
The pressure at any particular depth is the same whatever the
shape or width of the container.
Pressure in liquids – calculations

Pressure at any given point:

Pressure = ρgh

ρ (Greek letter ‘rho’)


g = 10 N/kg
Depth
Density = ρ =h h = height of liquid

Base area = A
Pressure in liquids – calculations
Pressure at any given
point:

Pressure = ρgh

ρ (Greek letter ‘rho’)


g = 10 N/kg
Depth h = height of liquid
Density
=ρ =h
eg. If the density of water is
1000 kg/m3, what is the pressure
due to the water at the bottom of
a swimming pool 3m deep?

Pressure = ρgh
Base
area = A
Hydraulics
Hydraulics
Hydraulics
Driver presses down on jack
handle here
Hydraulics
Driver presses down on jack Car is lifted by jack
handle here here
Hydraulics
Driver presses Car is lifted by
down on jack jack here
handle here
Force = 10N
Hydraulics
Car is
Driver presses down on lifted by
jack handle here jack here

Force = 10N

Area = 10cm2

Pressure = 10
10
The pressure, 1 N/cm2, will be the
= 1 N/cm2 same anywhere in the system.
Hydraulics
Car is
Driver presses down on lifted by
jack handle here jack here

Force = 10N

Area = 10cm2 Area = 40cm2

Pressure = 10
10
The pressure, 1 N/cm2, will be the
= 1 N/cm2 same anywhere in the system.
Using a hydraulic
Car is jack, a small force
Driver presses lifted can be multiplied
down on jack by jack to lift a heavy car.
handle here here
Force = Pressure x
Force = area
10N
Force = 1 x 40 =
40N
Area =
Area =
10cm2
40cm2
Pressure = 10
10
The pressure, 1 N/cm2, will be the
= 1 N/cm2
same anywhere in the system.

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