CIRCULAR
MOTION
DYNARIB1
University of Baguio
Circular motion refers to the movement of an object along
the circumference of a circle or a circular path.
TYPES OF CIRCULAR MOTION
1. Uniform Circular Motion:
• The object moves at a constant speed along the circular path.
• While the speed is constant, the direction of motion constantly changes,
which means the object experiences acceleration (centripetal acceleration).
2. Non-Uniform Circular Motion:
• The object’s speed varies as it moves along the circular path.
• This involves both centripetal acceleration (due to the change in direction)
and tangential acceleration (due to the change in speed).
In both types, a centripetal force acts towards the center of the circle to
maintain the motion. This force can arise from tension, gravity, friction, or
other sources, depending on the context.
The position s is the total distance, measured along the circle,
that the particle has traveled.
The speed of the particle is then the rate of change of
s, ds/dt and the direction of the velocity is tangent to the circle.
The angle 𝜽 that the line to the particle makes with the
reference line completely specifies the location of the particle.
the position variable s, defines an arc length on the circle.
𝒔 = 𝒓𝜽
Clearly, the faster the particle is moving, the faster the angle theta is
changing, and indeed we can get a relation between the speed of the
particle and the rate of change of 𝜃 just by taking the time derivative of
both sides of equation.
𝒅𝒔 𝒅𝜽
=𝒓
𝒅𝒕 𝒅𝒕
the rate of change of the position-on-the-circle is the speed of the
particle (the magnitude of the velocity of the particle, 𝒗).
We define the variable ω (“omega”) to be the rate of change of
the angle, meaning that ω is dθ/dt
therefore;
𝒗 = 𝒓𝝎
the rate of change of angular velocity (ω) over time refers to
angular acceleration,
𝒅𝒗 𝒅𝝎
=𝒓
𝒅𝒕 𝒅𝒕
therefore;
𝒂 = 𝒓𝜶 𝜶 = 𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒓 𝒂𝒄𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
• Angular acceleration refers to the rate of change of angular velocity
(ω) over time.
• It is related to how quickly an object speeds up or slows down its rotation
around a center.
While;
• Centripetal acceleration refers to the acceleration directed toward the
center of the circle, keeping the object in a circular path.
• It results from the continuous change in direction of the velocity vector,
even if the speed is constant.
𝒗𝟐
𝜶𝒄 =
𝒓
1. A rotating wheel has a radius of 2 feet and 6 inches. A point on the rim of
the wheel moves 30 feet in 2 seconds. Find the angular velocity of the
wheel.
Given:
𝒓 = 𝟐𝒇𝒕 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟔 𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒉𝒆𝒔 (𝟐. 𝟓𝒇𝒕)
𝒗 = 𝟏𝟓𝒇𝒕/𝒔
𝝎 =?
Solution:
𝒗 = 𝒓𝝎
𝒗
𝝎=
𝒓
𝟏𝟓𝒇𝒕/𝒔
𝝎=
𝟐. 𝟓𝒇𝒕
𝝎 = 𝟔 𝒓𝒂𝒅/𝒔
2. A turbine started from rest to 180 rpm in 6 minutes at a constant
acceleration. Find the number of revolutions that it makes within the
elapsed time.
Given:
𝝎𝒊 = 𝟎
𝒕 = 𝟔 𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒖𝒕𝒆𝒔
𝝎𝒇 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎 𝒓𝒆𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔/𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒖𝒕𝒆
𝒏𝒐. 𝒐𝒇 𝒓𝒆𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔 𝒊𝒏 𝟔 𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒖𝒕𝒆𝒔 =?
∗ 𝟏 𝒓𝒆𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 = 𝟐𝝅 𝒓𝒂𝒅.
SOLUTION:
1. Solve for angular acceleration.
𝝎 = 𝝎𝒊 + 𝜶𝒕
𝟏𝟖𝟎𝒓𝒑𝒎 = 𝟎 + 𝜶(𝟔𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒔)
𝜶 = 𝟑𝟎 𝒓𝒆𝒗/𝒎𝒊𝒏𝟐
2. Solve for the number of revolutions.
𝝎𝒇 𝟐 = 𝝎𝟎 𝟐 + 𝟐𝜶𝜽
𝟏𝟖𝟎𝟐 = 𝟎 + 𝟐(𝟑𝟎)𝜽
𝜽 = 𝟓𝟒𝟎 𝒓𝒆𝒗.
NOTE:
you can use either time or angle to solve for angular velocity (ω)
when you are given angular acceleration (α). The choice
depends on the information provided.
•If the time (t) is given, you can use the kinematic relationship:
𝝎 = 𝝎𝒊 + 𝜶𝒕
•If the angular displacement (θ) is given, you can use a kinematic
equation that relates angular velocity, angular acceleration, and
angle:
𝝎𝒇 𝟐 = 𝝎𝟎 𝟐 + 𝟐𝜶𝜽
𝜽 = 𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒓 𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕
ASSIGNMENT:
1. Load B is connected to a double pulley by one of the two inextensible
cable shown. The motion of the pulley is controlled by cable C, which has a
9𝑖𝑛
constant acceleration of 2 and an initial velocity of 12 in/s, both directed
𝑠
to the right. Determine (a) the number of revolutions executed by the pulley
in 2 s, (b) the velocity and change in position of the load B after 2 s, and (c)
the acceleration of point D on the rim of the inner pulley at t=0
ASSIGNMENT:
2. The rate at which a sprinkler head spins about a vertical axis increases
steadily for the first 2.00 seconds of its operation such that, starting from
rest, the sprinkler completes 15.0 revolutions clockwise (as viewed from
above) during that first 2.00 seconds of operation. A nozzle, on the
sprinkler head, at a distance of 11.0 cm from the axis of rotation of the
sprinkler head, is initially due west of the axis of rotation. Find the direction
and magnitude of the acceleration of the nozzle at the instant the sprinkler
head completes its second rotation.