Scribd
Upload
5 views

Get 103 Module 6

This document covers the fundamentals of two-dimensional coordinate geometry, including the definition of coordinate systems, quadrants, and the coordinates of points. It explains how to calculate distances between points, the section and mid-point formulas, and the concept of centroids in triangles. Additionally, it provides examples and exercises for calculating areas of triangles.

Uploaded by

eolayinka181
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
5 views

Get 103 Module 6

This document covers the fundamentals of two-dimensional coordinate geometry, including the definition of coordinate systems, quadrants, and the coordinates of points. It explains how to calculate distances between points, the section and mid-point formulas, and the concept of centroids in triangles. Additionally, it provides examples and exercises for calculating areas of triangles.

Uploaded by

eolayinka181
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 31

GET 103

(ENGINEERING APPLIED MATHEMATICS)

MODULE 6
Two-dimensional
coordinate geometry
Learning Outcome
At the end of this lesson, students should be able
to
1. Know what coordinate system is
2. Know what quadrant is
3. Know the coordinate of a point
4. Understand the distance between two points
5. Understand and implement the section and
mid-point formula
6. Know what centroid coordinate is
7. Calculate the area of a triangle
2
CO-ORDINATE SYSTEM
• The position of a point in a plane is fixed w.r.t. to its
distances from two axes of reference, which are
usually drawn by the two graduated number lines
XOX′ and YOY′, at right angles to each other at O.
• The horizontal number line XOX′ is called the x-axis
and the vertical number line YOY′ is called the y-
axis.
• The point O, where both axes intersect each other is
called the origin.
• The two axes together are called a rectangular
coordinate system.

3
QUADRANTS
• The two axes XOX′ and YOY′ divide the plane into four
parts called quadrants.
• The four quadrants are named as follows :
• XOY : I Quadrant ;
• YOX’ : II Quadrant;
• X’OY’ : III Quadrant ;
• Y’OX : IV Quadrant.
• Therefore, coordinates of all points in the first quadrant
are of the type (+, +)
• Any point in the II quadrant has x co-ordinate negative
and y co-ordinate positive (–, +),
• Similarly, in III quadrant, a point has both x and y co-
ordinates negative (–,–) and in IV
• quadrant, a point has x co-ordinate positive and y co-
ordinate negative (+,–). 4
5
CO-ORDINATES OF A POINT
The position of a point is given by
two numbers called coordinates
which refer to the distances of the
point from these two axes. By
convention, the first number, the x-
coordinate (or abscissa), always
indicates the distance from the y-
axis and the second number, the y-
coordinate (or ordinate) indicates the
distance from the x-axis. In this
figure, the coordinates of the points
A and B are (3, 2) and (–2, –4)
respectively

6
PLOTTING OF A POINT WHOSE CO-
ORDINATES ARE GIVEN
• The point can be plotted by
measuring its distances
• from the axes. Thus, any point
(h, k) can be plotted as follows:
• (i) Measure OM equal to h
along the x-axis
• (ii) Measure MP perpendicular
to OM and equal to k.
• Follow the rule of sign in both
cases.
• For example points (–3, 5) and
(4, –6) would be plotted 7
For example plot the points (–3, 5) and (4, –6)

8
DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO POINTS
• The distance between any two
points 𝑃(𝑥1,𝑦1) and 𝑄(𝑥2,𝑦2) in
the plane is the length of the
line segment PQ.
• From P, Q draw PL and QM
perpendicular on the x-axis and
PR perpendicular to QM.
• Then, OL = 𝑥1 , Om = 𝑥2 , PL =
𝑦1 and QM = 𝑦2
∴ PR = LM = OM – OL = 𝑥2 − 𝑥1
QR = QM – RM = QM – PL
= 𝑦2 − 𝑦1 9
• Since PQR is a right angled triangle
• ∴ 𝑃𝑄2 = 𝑃𝑅2 + 𝑄𝑅2
• (𝑥2 −𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 −𝑦1 )2 (By Pythagoras Theorem)
Therefore,

The result will be expressed in Units in use

10
Example 1

11
Example 2

12
Example 3

13
Example 4

14
Example 5

15
Section Formula and Coordinates of mid-point

16
Coordinate of a Centroid

• A centroid is a point of intersection of three


medians of a triangle.
• A median is a line which starts from one apex
of a triangle and touches the midpoint of the
opposite side.
• The three medians intersect at a common
point and that point is called “the Centroid”.

17
18
Examples 6

19
Example 7

20
Example 8

21
Area of a Triangle

22
Example 9: Find the area of the triangle given below

23
Example 10

24
Exercises

25
26
27
28
29
30
31

You might also like