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1 The diagram shows a sphere that is negatively charged. The sphere is attached to a plastic stand.

On the diagram, draw arrows to indicate the pattern and direction of the electric field in the region
surrounding the sphere. [2]

[Total: 2]
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2 The resistance of a 1.0 m length of resistance wire is 7.6 Ω. A length of this wire is taped to a metre
rule. A crocodile clip is connected to one end of the resistance wire exactly at the 0 m mark of the
rule. The diagram shows the crocodile clip connected to terminal P.

A second terminal Q is connected to a movable contact using a long length of connecting wire. The
movable contact is in contact with the resistance wire at a lengthl from the 0 m mark on the rule.

The movable contact is placed at different points on the resistance wire. The resistance R of the
length l of the wire depends on l.

Using the axes, sketch a graph to show how R varies with l for values of l between l = 0 and
l = 1.0 m. Mark appropriate values on the axes of the graph.

[2]

[Total: 2]
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3 The diagram shows two spheres.

One of the spheres is negatively charged and attached to a plastic stand.

The smaller, uncharged metal sphere S is suspended by a plastic thread.

The metal sphere S is an electrical conductor. The plastic thread is an electrical insulator.

Explain this difference by referring to the structures of the two materials.

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[Total: 2]
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4 The diagram shows two parallel conducting plates connected to a battery.

On the diagram, draw five lines to show the electric field pattern between the two plates.

[2]

[Total: 2]

5 When fully charged, a 1.2 V rechargeable battery can deliver a current of 210 mA for 10 hours.

(a) Calculate the charge that can be delivered by the fully charged battery.

charge = .............................................. [3]

(b) Calculate the energy stored in the battery when fully charged.

energy stored = .............................................. [2]

[Total: 5]
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6 The diagram shows a circuit containing a filament lamp of resistance 0.30 Ω and two resistors, each
of resistance 0.20 Ω.

Calculate the combined resistance of the lamp and the two resistors.

resistance = .............................................. [3]

[Total: 3]

7 The diagram shows a circuit containing a filament lamp of resistance 0.30 Ω and two resistors, each
of resistance 0.20 Ω.

The potential difference (p.d.) of the supply is increased so that the current in the lamp increases.

State and explain any change in the resistance of the lamp.

Statement .................................................................................................................................

Explanation ..............................................................................................................................

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[Total: 2]

8 A fuse is made out of a short length of wire.

Explain why fuses of a higher rating are made of thicker wire.

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[Total: 3]

9 The circuit shows a 240 V mains supply connected to an air-conditioning unit and a freezer. A fuse
X is placed in the circuit as shown.

The freezer has an operating power of 700 W.

Calculate the current in the freezer.

current = .............................................. [2]

[Total: 2]
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10 Referring to a simple electron model, state what distinguishes electrical conductors from electrical
insulators.

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[Total: 1]

11 The diagram shows solar cells used to generate electrical energy.

Each group of solar cells is arranged in a rectangle 1.2 m × 2.8 m. The solar cells are situated in a
region where 260 W of solar energy is received per square metre of the cells. The electrical output
of each group of solar cells is a current of 2.5 A with a potential difference of 86 V.

Calculate the efficiency of the solar cells.

efficiency = .............................................. % [4]

[Total: 4]
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12 A conducting sphere is mounted on an insulating stand. Explain how you would use a positively
charged rod of insulating material to charge the sphere by induction.

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[Total: 3]

13 The diagram shows a circuit diagram that includes component X.

The e.m.f. of the battery is 6.0 V and the resistance of component X is 15 Ω.

(a) Calculate the total resistance of the circuit.

resistance = .............................................. [3]

(b) Calculate the ammeter reading.

reading = .............................................. [2]

[Total: 5]

14 The diagram shows current-potential difference (p.d.) graphs for a resistor and for a thermistor.

The thermistor and the resistor are connected in parallel to a 7.0 V supply.

(a) Calculate the current from the supply

current = .............................................. [2]

(b) Calculate the energy transferred from the supply in 5.0 minutes.

energy = .............................................. [2]

[Total: 4]
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15 The diagram shows current-potential difference (p.d.) graphs for a resistor and for a thermistor.

In the table, tick the boxes that indicate the effect on the resistances of the resistor and of the
thermistor when the p.d. across them is increased from 0 to 7.0 V.

component resistance increases resistance is constant resistance decreases

resistor

thermistor

[2]

[Total: 2]

16 The diagram shows three identical lamps and an ammeter connected to a power supply.

The switches are closed. Each lamp is rated at 60 W and operates at its normal working voltage of
110 V.
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(a) Calculate:

(i) the current in each lamp

current = .............................................. [2]

(ii) the current in the ammeter

current = .............................................. [1]

(iii) the voltage of the power supply.

voltage = .............................................. [1]

(b) (i) Calculate the resistance of the filament of one of the lamps when working normally.

resistance = .............................................. [2]

(ii) Another lamp X has a filament with twice the resistance of each lamp in the circuit in
the diagram. The material and the temperature of the filament in lamp X is the same
as the filaments in the lamps in the diagram.

In the table, tick any box in the right-hand column that shows a possible difference
between the filament of lamp X and a filament of one of the lamps in the circuit.

X has half the length

X has twice the length

X has one quarter the area of cross-section

X has half the area of cross-section

X has two times the area of cross-section

X has four times the area of cross-section

[2]
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[Total: 8]

17 In terms of a simple electron model, describe the differences between conductors and insulators.

conductors ...............................................................................................................................

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insulators ..................................................................................................................................

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[Total: 2]

18 The diagram shows a positively charged cube of insulating material. The cube is fixed to a piece
of wood that is floating on water. A negatively charged rod is held above the piece of wood and
brought close to the cube, as shown.

State and explain any movement of the piece of wood.

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[Total: 2]
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19 On the diagram, draw the electric field pattern around a single point positive charge.

[1]

[Total: 1]

20 The diagram shows two cubes of insulating material. One is positively charged and the other is
negatively charged. The cubes are fixed to a piece of wood that is floating on water. Charged rods
are held above the piece of wood and brought close to the cubes, as shown.

State and explain any movement of the piece of wood.

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[Total: 2]