Human as an embodied soul Human – refers to man as species – homo

sapiens or modern human beings

Thales – “The most difficult thing in life is
to know yourself” Person – “SELF” Refers to a human being
granted recognition of certain rights,
Albert Einstein – “I fear the day when the
protection, responsibilities and dignity
technology overlaps with our humanity.
above all.
The world will have a generation of idiots”
Person
Aristotle – “Be free thinker and don’t
accept everything you hear as truth. Be - Has awareness of self
critical and evaluate what you believe in.” - Has self determination
- Is able to reach out and interact
Man – it is generally and commonly
with other
defined to represent the entire human
race. - Has dignity

Human – term used to refer for various Why use Human Person instead of Man?
classifications and species. For living man,  Human is a very special being
human is under the classification of
Mammalia.  The term Human and Person articulate
the uniqueness of this being among all
Human being – term used to separate created beings.
man from other human classifications like
animals.  Human Person- Appropriate Title

Person – refers to an individual who  Man is confusing since it generates

possess self-awareness, self- various meaning
determination, rational mind, and the
Body – tangible
capacity to interact with other and with
himself/herself. 3 components – SOUL, MIND and SPIRIT
Personhood – A general term refers to He or she is entitled and granted rights
the state of being a person with unique, and privileges by the state which he or she
sacred and ethical status within legally belong.
him/herself.
2 general kinds to distinguish a human
Human nature – A general term refers to person: Cognitive Self & Physical Self
the deepest and natural behavior of a
Cognitive self – something within and
person that distinguish human from
cannot be physically seen
animals. A collective traits that formed and
considered the very essence of humanity. - deals with THE WHAT OF A PERSON
Nobody can be considered man without which includes human persons’ belief,
human nature. desire, dreams, and intentions.
Human and the person, respectively, are Physical Self – something can be seen in
defined with classified origin of species his/her physical appearance
and persons with birth rights. Human
person is someone with an exact origin of - THE WHO OF A PERSON which
his/her classification. includes his/her body type, strength
and appearances.
From the biblical perspective, we came
from Adam and Eve. For Science, we
came from an Ape under the Class:
Mammalia.
“embodied spirit”, we normally believed 1.“Self- awareness refers to person
and conclude of a spirit becoming flesh. having a clear perception of oneself,
including his or her thoughts,
The Human Person is an embodied spirit
emotions, identity, and actions (Abella,
-an animating core living within each of us. 2016).”
It is known to be the driving force behind
-The self is the subject that thinks,
what we actually think, do and say.
feels and acts. It is your I amness
-In context to Christian philosophy (Wilber, 2006). 
specifically the inseparable union of body
-The self enables a person to
and spirit.
experience an inner world of dreams,
-Inseparable which also means the body thoughts, imagination, fantasy (Abella,
and spirit work together at all times. 2016).

Karl Rahner 2. A human person is able to connect

and interact with another person, an
➢ A Christian theologian and philosopher animal or an inanimate object. We call
➢ Theorizes that the human person is a this externality. So even though
unity of body and soul. human beings have interiority they are
not trapped inside their heads. They
➢ Body and soul is equally real, true, are able to go beyond their limited
essential, substantial, and original selves and embrace others.
➢ The body is the window of our soul 3. We are not determined by others.
Because we have interiority; we can
➢ It is through the body that we can
direct the course of our own life. This
communicate is what we call self-determination
➢ The physical part of the human person which is “the capability of persons to
which uses for seeing, touching, tasting, make choices and decisions based on
and smelling their own preferences, monitor and
regulate their actions, and be goal
➢ Physical contact with the environment oriented and self-directed” (Abella
Spirit 2016) Thus human beings are free.
4. Human person has an inherent
-The spirit is the innermost part of man. It
value and importance.
is the supernatural and immaterial being
with which man communicates God. This is what we call dignity. That is
why no amount of money can equal
the value of a human life. This is also
the reason why individual rights are
absolute (Rand 1964).
Monism and Dualism? How do limitations lead to
transcendence?
Monism - Man is composed of one
basic or single substance or -Facticity refers to the things in our life
principle - -the reality of man is made that are already given. EXAMPLE: LIFE
up of single element
-We are free to define who we are and
Dualism -this theory holds that man is
who we are to be.
made up of two irreducible
elements-matter and Spirit -two Spatial-temporal being
independent entities but they are
closely interact with each other -it is  As temporal beings, our most obvious
possible for the spirit and body to limitation is our finitude - our finite quality
either temporarily or permanently or state.
separate at a period of time.
 As spatial beings, we are limited by our
Rene Descartes bodies to be present in two or more
➢ Opens the duality of Human places at the same time.
naturebody and mind  We are limited by space (spatial) and
➢ Cogito ergo sum the time (temporal). Our spatial-temporal
➢ I doubt, therefore, I exist situation sets our preconditions of
understanding.
-We cannot talk of anything without the
union of matter and form Fulfilling a dream requires transcendence
because it opens a state of thinking and
-To understand specificity of human
feeling that there is something more in life
person as an embodied spirit, It is
important because besides from the than just physical and material things.
fact that it enable us to know our Abraham Maslow’s self-actualization
potentialities and limitations it is also concepts, transcendence is a state of being
exposes us to a thorough and a intrinsically satisfied with life regardless of
deeper understanding of ourselves as
physical and tangible factors.
a unique creature united by body and
soul.
Limitations of the Human Person
Human persons are naturally deficient
beings.
Limitations can lead to possibilities
Transcendence is the ability to
change, be dynamic, and continually
redefining one’s self which works with
our facticity to create change.
Transcendence originated from the
words Trans, meaning
“go beyond”, and
scandare, meaning
“climb”.