Journal of Positive School Psychology http://journalppw.

com
2022, Vol. 6, No. 11, 3090-3094

Theme And Rheme In Academic Texts. (In Examples Of

Formal Magazine Articles)
Mahliyo Saydaliyeva Ulug’bek qizi1 , Moxizar Mamadaliyeva Tursinali qizi2

1
English teacher at Kokand state pedagogical institute. Email: [email protected]
2
English teacher at Kokand state pedagogical institute. Email: [email protected]

Abstract: Newspapers and magazines are very common in our life and these days’ language learners are
using articles extracted from them to boost a
target language. By considering this trend, it is decided to analyze theme and rheme patterns of scientific
articles written in English language. In this article, the general rules, usage in sentences, examples of these two
linguistic theories are highlighted. Understanding the theme of rheme can make a big difference to promote a
reading skill.in a foreign language.

Key words: discourse, theme, rheme, context, clause, compound, relative, sequence.

Introduction is a topical theme. Conjunctions such as and or but

when they occur at the beginning of a clause are an
Discourse analysis examines patterns of language
example of textual theme. An item that expresses a
across texts and considers the relationship between
point of view on the content of the clause such as
language and the social and cultural contexts in
of course is an interpersonal theme . The
which it is used. Discourse analysis also considers
relationship between linguistic form and
the ways that the use of language presents different
communicative function is of central interest in the
views of the world and different understandings. It
area of pragmatics and, as Cameron ( 2001 ) argues,
examines how the use of language is influenced by
is highly relevant to the field of discourse analysis.
relationships between participants as well as the
effects the use of language has upon social Theme and rheme in texts are helpful for
identities and relations.1 It also considers how acquiring delivered message, expressing
views of the world, and identities, are constructed experiences, keeping the track with the information
through the use of discourse. Discourse analysts are in texts. Theme is considered the information given
also interested in how people organize what they earlies in a text while rheme is something new
say in the sense of what they typically say first, and coming after the theme. In each sentence, the help
what they say next and so on in a conversation or of theme guarantees existence of rheme and
in a piece of writing. This is something that varies sometimes theme also can be repeated as a rheme
across cultures and is by no means the same across of a new sentence. So we can conclude about the
languages. definition of theme and rheme like micro text units
come within sentences and carry out meaning.
Discussion.
Theme cannot be exist without rheme and vise
Theme is the starting point of a clause; that is, what verse. This is because we know what is serving as
the clause is ‘about’. The remainder of the clause is a theme and rheme only when at least two
the rheme. Thus, in the sentence ‘Hiragana sentences come in sequenced way.
represents the 46 basic sounds of the Japanese
In recent years new diets with names like
language’, the theme is ‘Hiragana’. The rest of the
‘vegan’, ‘keto’ and ‘paleo’ have become very
sentence is the rheme; that is, what the sentence has
to say about Hiragana. In this instance ‘Hiragana’
 3091 Journal of Positive School Psychology

popular. Are you a vegetarian, Neil? Do you 1. General meaning of the whole text.
follow any particular diet?2
2. The earlier given information in
Here in the example above the general topic sequences of sentences.
or theme is about diet as words like: diet, vegan,
Results and Analysis.
vegetarian, follow any diet are all related to food
consumption. If we analyze the sentences by Here we will discuss the second meaning of the
chunking there are three sentences: theme, as the first meaning is obviously clear.
Within a single sentence, theme is usually
1. In recent years new diets with names
considered the subject. However, we should not
like ‘vegan’, ‘keto’ and ‘paleo’ have become
confuse theme as grammatical and
very popular.
communications categories. In simple sentences,
2. Are you a vegetarian, Neil?
grammatical and communicational categories of
3. Do you follow any particular diet?
theme are the same but in complex and compound
• The main idea of the first sentence is to sentences, the difference is distinguishing:
explain the topic and make the receiver informed
about what is going to be explained further. Simple sentences:
• In the second sentence, explanation is
Many of us are well aware that ultra-processed
becoming direct rather than being indirect or non-
foods are harmful for our health.4
personal. So-called, the personal pronoun is being
the subject of the sentence and name of the receiver Researchers first spotted the enormous tree in
is mentioned. In addition, a question is given. satellite images in 2019 as part of a 3D mapping
• In the third sentence, the additional project.5
question is given and the directness becoming
Scientists around the world are trying to use
sharper also, name is omitted here and referencing
artificial intelligence to create a new type of
is given.
'clock' that can measure your true biological
Each of the sentences above has meaning. age.6
The information given before a sentence is a theme
Compound sentences:
for the next sentence. That is first sentence is a
theme for the second one and the second is for the Some researchers have theorised that ultra-
third one. As there is no the fourth sentence third processed foods increase inflammation because
remains here as a rheme. they are recognised by the body as foreign – much
like an invading bacteria.7
If we take only one sentence as an isolation:
This amazing hotel is built every December.3 , Research like ours can help people gain a more
regardless of taking new information about the scientifically grounded understanding of social
time of construction, we are unaware of what kind interactions with new people and ultimately
of hotel is being discussed here. So sentences in become more confident and knowledgeable
isolation carry rheme but bot the theme. So because about how to make a good first impression.8
of the some language units it is usually impossible
A recent review of the literature by Matthias
to get the whole meaning of even a single sentence
Doepke of Northwestern University and co-authors
when they are deprived from the text.
makes the case that, in rich countries, fertility may
Moving on only the theory of theme, it has rise, or at least fall at a slower rate, if norms,
double meanings within a context.
Mahliyo Saydaliyeva Ulug’bek qizi 3092

policies and the market for child care make it subject + verb is unmarked. Also here a question is
easier for a woman to have children and a career.9 risen about negative and question sentences.

In subordinating clause which can not stand “Why not end this illegal trade by changing its
alone the theme is downloaded on the independent name?”13
sentence (Some researchers have theorised that
Why not use it as an opportunity to delegate
ultra-processed foods increase inflammation , A
tasks?14
recent review of the literature by Matthias Doepke
of Northwestern University and co-authors makes This is not because psychologists do not
the case that, in rich countries, fertility may rise, or yearn to monitor their participants for longer.15
at least fall at a slower rate)
Not all interventions are equally
Relative clause(who, which,that) effective.16
Sentences not beginning with subjects:To In question sentences the theme is explained by
conduct their study, the researchers had 16 question words (who, what), auxiliary words (did,
participants follow two different meal schedules, have, are) because omitting them in speech causes
each for a period of six days total. misunderstanding although they are not considered
as a main unit of syntax. In negative sentences not
In countries such as the UK, US and Canada,
+ verb is considered as a theme.
ultra-processed foods now account for 50% or
more of calories consumed.10 Interpersonal theme is a theme that is not a
subject coming at the beginning of the clause. In
As the boss of Tesla, the world’s most valuable
most cases, interpersonal theme is explained by it.
carmaker, and SpaceX, the world’s second-
An interpersonal theme can express probability
most valuable unicorn, Elon Musk is the stuff
(e.g. perhaps), usuality (e.g. sometimes), typicality
of business legend.11
(e.g. generally) or obviousness (e.g. surely). It can
In conversations with strangers, people tend to also express opinion (e.g. to my mind), admission
think they should speak less than half the time to be (e.g. frankly), persuasion (e.g. believe me),
likable but more than half the time to be interesting, entreaty (e.g. kindly), presumption (e.g. no doubt),
according to new research my colleagues Tim desirability (e.g. hopefully) or prediction (e.g. as
Wilson, Dan Gilbert and I conducted.12 expected) (Halliday and Matthiessen 2004 ).
It was not until the 1930s that B. F. Skinner
In the following sentences, the subjects( in
suggested that private events —including thoughts
bold and underlined) are not the of the sentences
and feelings—should be subjected to the same
but the language units beginning the sentences are.
controlling variables as observable behaviour.
Third sentence is an exception because here
adjective of the subject is coming before the noun It's super important at a time when the
it is connected. In other sentences, adverbial noun Amazon is facing such frightening levels of
phrases and location circumstances (In countries deforestation.
such as the UK, US and Canada), infinite verb
It's long been popular advice for people
phrase (To conduct their study). So such
looking to lose weight to avoid late night snacking.
sentences are called a meaning of markedness as
It's no wonder, with a host of research showing that
they are used to emphasize and increase stylistic
late night eating is linked to greater body weight
effect. To conclude when sentences are in irregular
and increased risk of obesity.
word order they are marked, regular order as
Multiple theme
 3093 Journal of Positive School Psychology

Sometimes themes come in a form of more than In North America, where a more commonly
one and this type of theme is calles Multiple theme. used term is pedestrian mall, such areas are still in
According to the Norwegian Nobel their infancy.
Committee, his friendship with Bertha von Suttner, However, from now, energy produced but
a peace activist and later recipient of the prize, not used during the day will charge the Powerwall
profoundly influenced his decision to include peace and can then be used to provide them with the
as a category. energy they need when they’re at home and their
lights, music centres, computers, televisions and
myriad other devices need feeding.

Textual theme Interpersonal Topical theme Rheme

theme
Because, of course the dating game is a clumsy dance of
blunders and
misunderstandings.

However it seems unlikely that Descartes would deliberately

challenge the church
This suggests that other factors contribute caused by ultra-
to the harms processed foods.

But it’s been unclear if this is simply these foods are of poor
because nutritional value.

Constant theme with an enduring air of misfit adolescence he also

Text can be used for both spoken and written has more than a whiff of the comic book about him.
language. It usually refers to a stretch, an extract or
complete piece of writing or speech. While we are Linear theme or zig zag.
producing the text we may use one theme in more Sometimes, the rheme used in a sentence, come as
than one sentences and themes are repeated over at a theme in the nest sentence. This is called linear
least two sentences. This type of theme is called theme. The term ‘modality’ describes a range of
Constant theme. grammatical resources used to express probability
Usually, our inflammatory response resolves or obligation. Generally, obligation is used in
quite quickly, but some people may develop speech, speech, especially when wanting to get
chronic inflammation throughout their body. things done such as ‘You should keep your room
This can cause tissue damage, and is involved in tidy’.
many chronic diseases – such as cancer and Many studies have found that poor diets can
cardiovascular disease.17 increase inflammation in the body, and that this is
Many of us are well aware that ultra- linked to higher risk of chronic diseases.
processed foods are harmful for our health. But Starlink is not a monopoly; nor is SpaceX’s
it’s been unclear if this is simply because these satellite-launch business (though it is currently the
foods are of poor nutritional value.18 West’s only option for launching astronauts into
As the boss of Tesla, the world’s most orbit); nor is Twitter. But all three have global
valuable carmaker, and SpaceX, the world’s importance, and will do for some time to come.
second-most valuable unicorn, Elon Musk is the
stuff of business legend. As a gifted technologist Materials and Methods.
Mahliyo Saydaliyeva Ulug’bek qizi 3094

In the process of writing this article, the magazines 11. Irisqulov. M.T. Tilshunoslikka kirish.
run in English language helped a lot. Theme and Yoshlar matbuoti. Toshkent. 2010.
rheme made us appealed after reading the 12. Keskin.D. The role of theme and rheme
information in Irisqulov’s book of “ Introduction in thematic Progression patterns in English
into Linguistics”. we suddenly came across these Argumentative essays by Turkish university
two theories and wanted to inestigate more. At the students.
beginning we wanted to compare theme and rheme 13. Reading Challenge 1 Second Edition
usage in English and Uzbek langauages but then we Casey Malarcher · Andrea Janzen © 2010 Compass
changed our mind and decided to make it another Publishingb page 6
article and for this time to collect information only 14. Saydaliyeva, M. U. (2021). The
in English language. Methods used are traditional importance of alliteration in for eign language
readng magazin articles and pick up sentences can teaching. Asian Journal of Multidimensional
be helpful to highlight the point emphasized. Research (AJMR), 10(1), 89-92.10.
15. Theme and rheme: Types and problems
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