Vohk; tFg;G-jkpo; -%d;whk; gUtk; :2024-25 ciueil ?

jpf;bfy;yhk; g[fGWk; jpUbey;ntyp

tpdh tpilj; njhFg;G
,ay; ?1 rupahd tpiliaj; nju;e;bjLj;J vGJf.
ftpijg;ngiH ?tpUe;njhk;gy;
rupahd tpiliaj; nju;e;bjLj;J vGJf. 1.jpUbey;ntyp??????????????????? kd;du;fnshL
bjhlu;g[ cilaJ. tpil: ,) ghz;oa.
1.kuk; tsu;j;jhy;????????? bgwyhk;. tpil: M)khup 2.,s=;nfhtofs;??????????????????? kiyf;F
2.`ePUiyapy;~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gpupj;J vGjf; Kjd;ik bfhLj;Jg; ghodhu;. tpil: ,) bghjpif.
fpilg;gJ???????????? tpil: ,) ePu; ciyapy;. 3.jpUbey;ntyp????????????????Mw;wpd; fiuapy;
3.khup xd;W vd;gjidr; nru;j;bjGjf; fpilf;Fk; mike;Js;sJ. tpil: <) jhkpuguzp.
brhy;?????????????????????tpil: m) khupbahd;W.
FWtpdh
1.ghup kfspupd; bgau;fis vGJf. தமி க bghUj;Jf.
m=;fit/r=;fit. 1.jz;bghUie ? jhkpuguzp.
2.`bghUs; VJk; ,y;yhj tPLfns ,y;iy~ ? 2.mf;frhiy ? bghd;ehza=;fs; cUthf;Fk; ,lk;
vt;thW> 3.bfhw;if ? Kj;Jf;Fspj;jy;
tWikahd fhyj;jpYk; ghupkfspu; ciyePupy; bghd; 4.jpupTlkiy ? Fw;whyk;.
,l;L ghzu;;fSf;Fj; je;jdu;. mjdhy; bghUs; VJk;
,y;yhj tPL vJt[k; ,y;iy vd;gij mwpayhk;. FWtpdh
rpe;jid tpdh
jkpHu;fspd; gpw gz;ghl;Lf; TWfis vGJf. 1.jhkpuguzp Mw;wpd; fpis MWfs; ahit>
cz;ik /,uf;fk;;/md;g[ Mfpad jkpHu;fspd; gpw gr;irahW/ kzpKj;jhW/ rpw;whW/ fhiuahW/
gz;ghl;Lf; TWfs; MFk;. nru;tyhW/ fldhejp
ftpijg;ngiH ? taYk; thH;t[k; 2.bfhw;if Kj;J gw;wpf; TWf.
bfhw;ifapy; tpise;j ghz;o ehl;L Kj;J cyfg;
rupahd tpiliaj; nju;e;bjLj;J vGJf. g[fH; bgw;wjhf tps=;fpaJ.
1.cHtu; nrw;W taypy;???eLtu;. tpil: <)ehw;W.
rpWtpdh
2.taypy; tpise;J Kw;wpa bew;gapu;fis? ?
bra;tu;. tpil: m) mWtil.
1.jpUbey;ntypg; gFjpapy; eilbgWk; cHt[j;
3.`nju;e;bjLj;J~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gpupj;J vGjf;
bjhHpy; Fwpj;J vGJf.
fpilg;gJ???????????????tpil: <) nju;e;J +vLj;J. jhkpuguzp Mw;wpd; @yk; cHt[j;bjhHpy;
4.`Xil+ vy;yhk;~ vd;gjidr; nru;j;bjGjf; eilbgWfpd;wJ. ,=;Ff; Fsj;Jg; ghrdKk;
fpilf;Fk; brhy;????????tpil: M) Xilbay;yhk;. fpzw;Wg; ghrdKk; gad;ghl;oy; cs;sd.
bghUj;Jf. ,UgUt=;fspy; bey; gapuplg;gLfpd;wJ.
1.ehw;W ? eLjy; 2.ePu; ? gha;r;Rjy; rpWjhdpa=;fs; / vz;bza; tpj;Jfs; / fha;fdpfs; /
3.fjpu; ? mWj;jy; 4.fis ? gwpj;jy; gUj;jp / gaW tiffs; gaphplg;gLfpd;wd.
FWtpdh 2.jpUbey;ntypf;Fk; jkpGf;Fk; cs;s bjhlh;g[
1.cHtu;fs; vg;nghJ ez;L gpoj;jdu;> Fwpj;J vGJf.
ehw;Wg; gwpf;Fk;nghJ cHth;fs; ez;Lfisg; mfj;jpah; bghjpif kiyapy; thH;e;jhh; vd;gh;.
gpoj;jdu;. ek;khH;thh; / bghpahH;thh; / FkuFUguh;; Mfpnahh;
2.bew;fjpupypUe;J bey;kzpia vt;thW gpupg;gu;> jpUbey;ntypapy; gpwe;J jkpGf;Fg; bgUik
khLfisf; bfhz;L kpjpf;fr; bra;Jbew;fjphpypUe;J nrh;j;Js;sdh;.
bey;kzpiag; gphpg;gh;. 3.jpUbey;ntyp efu mikg;g[g; gw;wpf; TWf.
rpWtpdh bey;iyapy; cs;s bjUf;fs; gy mjd; gHikf;Fr;
cHt[j;bjhHpypd; epfH;t[fis tupirg;gLj;jp rhd;whf cs;sd. fhtw;g[iuj; bjU/TiHf;filj;
vGJf. bjU/mf;frhiyj; bjU / ngl;il Mfpait
ehw;W el;ldu;. ePu;gha;r;rpdu;. bew;gapu;fs; tsu;e;jd. mike;Js;sJ.
bey;kzpfs; tpise;jd. mWtil bra;jdu.;
fsj;jpy; nru;j;jdu;. mtw;iw khLfisf; rpe;jid tpdh
bfhz;Lkpjpf;fr; bra;jdu;.muprp te;jJ.
rpe;jid tpdh 1.kf;fs; kfpH;r;rpahf thH xU efuk; vt;thW ,Uf;f
cHt[j;bjhHpypy; fhye;njhWk; Vw;gl;LtUk; ntz;Lk; vd;W epidf;fpwPh;fs;>
khw;w=;fs; gw;wp vGJf. kf;fs; kfpH;r;rpahf thH tay;fSk; fhLfSk; ePu;
cHt[j;bjhHpYf;F ,aw;if vUf;fisf; bfhz;L tsKk; filj;bjUf;fSk; Rw;Wg;g[w khR
gaphpl;lhd;. gpd;dh; g{r;rpf;bfhy;yp / braw;if ,y;yhkYk; xU efuk; ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;.
cu=;fs; Mfpatw;iwg; gad;gLj;jp tpisr;riyg;
bgUf;fpdhd;.

1
tpupthdk; ? jpUbey;ntypr; rPika[k; ftpfSk; rpwg;g[fs;
cyfpy; mjpf bkhHpbgau;f;fg;gl;l E}y;
o.nf.rp Fwpg;gpLk; jpUbey;ntypf; ftp+u;fs; gw;wpa jpUf;Fws;.bkhHp/kjk;/rhjp/ehL/,dk; Mfpatw;iwf;
bra;jpfisj; bjhFj;J vGJf. fle;j cyfg;bghJkiw.’m’tpy; bjhl=;fp ‘d;’ ,y;
jpUf;Fws; Koe;Js;sJ.
Kd;Diu:
fth;e;j fhuzk;
o.nf.rp Fwpg;gpLk; jpUbey;ntypf; vspikahd Fwl;ghf;fs;/ey;tHpfisf;
ftp+u;fs; gw;wpa bra;jpfisf; fhz;nghk;;. TWjy; Mfpaitna jpUf;Fws; vd;idf; ftuf;
jpUbey;ntypf; ftp+u;fs; fhuzk; MFk;.
ghujpahu; gpwe;J tsu;e;j ,lk; vl;ilag[uk;. Kot[iu:
njrpftpehafdhu; jkpiH mGj;jkhf Mu;tj;njhL jpUf;Fws;; goj;njd;/ vd;idf; fth;e;jJ.
fw;w ,lk; jpUbey;ntyp efu;jhd;. eP=;fSk; goa[=;fs;- c=;fisa[k; ftUk ;-
,ay; ? 2
foifKj;Jg; g[ytu;/ mtu; bt=;fnlRu
ftpijg;ngiH : g[Jik tpsf;F
vl;lg;g uh$hitg; gw;wpg; gy ghly;fs;
rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.
ghoapUf;fpwhu;.
1)~~,lh; MHp eP=;Ffnt ~~ ? ,j;bjhlhpy;
jpUbey;ntyp tlfiuapy; rPitFz;lk;
mof;nfhol;l brhy;ypd; bghUs; tpil : m)Jd;gk;
,Uf;fpwJ.m=;Fs;s bgUkhisg; gps;isg; 2)`+hdr;Rlh;~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;bjGjf;
bgUkhs;; ghoa[s;shu;. fpilg;gJ??????????. tpil : ,)+hdk; + Rlh;
kdijf; ftuf;Toa ,lk; Fw;whyk;. Rkhu; 3),d;g[+ cUF vd;gjidr; nrh;j;bjGjf;
Mapuj;J Ke;E}W tUl=;fSf;F Kd; jpU+hd fpilg;gJ????????. tpil : ,),d;g[UF
rk;ge;ju; ,=;F te;J/ Fw;whyk; gw;wpg; ghodhu;. bghUj;Jf.
Fw;whyf; Fwt+;rp jpupTluhrg;gf; ftpuhau; ghoa 1.md;g[ ? jfsp 2.Mh;tk; ? bea;
E}y;.
Kot[iu தமி க 3.rpe;ij ? ,Ljphp 4.+hdk; ? tpsf;F
FWtpdh
o.nf.rp Fwpg;gpLk; jpUbey;ntypf; ftp+u;fs; gw;wpa 1.bgha;ifahH;thUk; g{jj;jhH;thUk; mfy;tpsf;fhf
bra;jpfisg; gw;wp mwpe;njhk;. vtw;iw cUtfg;gLj;Jfpd;wdh;>
mzp ,yf;fzk; mfy;tpsf;fhfg; g{kpiaa[k; md;iga[k;
cUtfg;gLj;Jfpd;wdh;.
FWtpdh
2.bgha;ifMH;thh; vjw;fhfg; ghkhiy Nl;odhh;>
1.ctik/ctnkak;/ctk cUg[ tpsf;Ff. bgha;ifMH;thh; jd; Jd;gf;fly; eP=;f ntz;og;
xg;gpl;Lf; Twg;gLk; bghUis ctik. ghkhiy Nl;odhh;.
tpsf;fg;gLk; bghUs; ctnkak;. rpWtpdh
`nghy~/`nghd;w~ vd;git ctk cUg[fs;. g{jj;jhH;thh; +hdtpsf;F Vw;Wk; Kiwia
2.ctik mzpf;Fk; vLj;Jf;fhl;L ctik tpsf;Ff.
mzpf;Fk; cs;s ntWghL ahJ> g{jj;jhH;thh; md;ig mfy;tpsf;fhft[k;/ Mh;tj;ij
bea;ahft[k; / kdij jphpahft[k; bfhz;L /
ctk cUg[ btspg;gilahf te;jhy; mJ ctik
+hdtpsf;if kdk; cUf jpUkhYf;F Vw;wpdhh;.
mzp.ctk cUg[ kiwe;J te;jhy; mJ rpe;jid tpdh
vLj;Jf;fhl;L ctik mzp. bgha;ifahH;thh; +hdj;ij tpsf;fhf
cUtfg;gLj;Jfpwhh;. eP=;fs; vtw;iw vy;yhk;
gpd;tUk; jiyg;gpy; fl;Liu vGJf. tpsf;fhf cUtfg;gLj;JtPh;fs;>
vd;idf; ftu;e;j E}y;. ehd; Kaw;rp / fod ciHg;g[ / caph; / cz;ik/cly;
vd;idf; fth;e;j E}y;? jpUf;Fws; Mfpaw;iwbay;yhk; tpsf;fhf cUtfg;gLj;Jntd;.
ftpijg; ngiH : mwk; vd;Dk; fjph;
Kd;Diu rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.
vd;idf; fth;e;j E}y; jpUf;Fws;MFk;. 1)fhe;jpaofs; vg;nghJk; ?????????g; ngrpdhh;.
mjidg; gw;wp tphpthff; fhz;nghk;. tpil : <)tha;ikia
mikg;g[ 2)`,d;brhy;~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;bjGjf;
jpUf;Fws; mwk;/bghUs;/,d;gk; vd;w @d;W fpilg;gJ?????????????? tpil : ,),dpik+ brhy;
bgupa gpupita[k;133 mjpfhu=;fisa[k; 1330
3)mwk;+ fjph; vd;gjidr; nrh;j;bjGjf;
Fwl;ghf;fisa[k; bfhz;Ls;sJ. ,e;E}iy
fpilg;gJ???????????????. tpil :,)mwf;fjph;
jpUts;Stu; ,aw;wpa[s;shh;.
4)`,sik ` vd;Dk; brhy;ypd; vjph;r;brhy;???????.
jpUts;Stu;
tpil : m)KJik
bja;tg;g[ytu;/bgha;apy; g[ytu;/ehtyu; Mfpa
bghUj;Jf.
rpwg;g[g;bgau;fshy; jpUts;Stu;
1. tpisepyk; ? ,d;brhy; 2. tpij ? <if
miHf;fg;gLfpd;whu;.
3. fis ? td;brhy; 4. cuk; ? cz;ik

2
 FWtpdh rpe;jid tpdh
1. mwf;fjph; tpisa vjid vUthf ,lntz;Lk; xg;g[ut[f;Fk; cjtpbra;jYf;Fk; ntWghL ahJ>
vd Kidg;ghoahh; TWfpwhh;> xg;g[ut[ cjtp bra;jy;
cz;ikia vUthf ,lntz;Lk;. cjtp njitg;gLnthu; VnjDk; gaDf;Ff;fhf
2. ePf;fntz;oa fis vd;W mwbewpr; rhuk;
vjidf; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ> mtu;fns cupik gpwUf;F cjtp bra;jy;
ePf;fntz;oa fis td;brhy;. vLj;Jf;bfhs;tJ.
rpWtpdh tpupthdk; : cz;ik xsp
,sk;tajpnyna bra;a ntz;oa bray;fshf Kd;Diu
Kidg;ghoahh; TWtd ahit> `cz;ik xsp~ glf;fijiaf; fijahfr; RUf;fpf;
,d;brhy;iy tpis epyk;. <ifia tpijahff; fhz;nghk;.
bfhz;L tpijf;f ntz;Lk;.td;brhy;; fisia
cz;ik xsp
ePf;f ntz;Lk;.cz;ik vU ,l ntz;Lk;.md;g[
ePiug; gha;r;rpdhy;/mwkhfpa fjpiug; gadhfg; b$d; FU xU ehs; cz;ik xsp vJ > vd;gijg;
bgwyhk;. gw;wpg; ghlk; brhy;ypf; bfhz;L ,Ue;jhh;. rPlh;fsplk;
rpe;jid tpdh / ~`,Us; fiye;J btspr;rk; te;Jtpl;lJ~~ vd;W
,sk; tajpnyna ehk; fw;Wf;bfhs;s ntz;oa vg;go mwptPh;fs; >vd;whh;. mjw;F rPlu;fs;
ew;gz;g[fs; vit vdf; fUJfpwPh;fs;> xt;bthUtUk; xU gjpiyf; Twpdu;.,it vy;yhk;
md;g[ / vspik / rpf;fdk; / nfhgk; bfhs;shik / jtW vd;whh; FU. xU kdpjiuf; fhQk; nghJ vd;
neh;ik Mfpad ,sk; tajpnyna ehk; fw;Wf;bfhs;s
cld; gpwe;jth; vd;W vg;nghJ czh;fpwPh;fnsh /
ntz;oa ew;gz;g[fshff; fUJfpd;nwd;.
ciueil cyfk; ?xg;g[ut[ bewp mg;nghJ jhd; cz;ikahd xsp c=;fSf;Fs;
rupahd tpiliaj;njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.
1.xUtu; vy;yhUf;fhft[k; vy;yhUk; xUtUf;fhf
Vw;gLfpwJ vd;whh; FU.
jpUlDf;F mwpt[iu
தமி க
vd;gJ???????????bewp.tpil: M) bghJt[ilik. xU ehs; FU Fjpiuapy; mUfpy; cs;s rpw;W}Uf;Fg;
2.bry;tj;jpd; gad; ?????thH;t[.tpil : ,) xg;g[ut[ g[wg;gl;Lr; bry;fpd;whh;. rhiynahuj;jpy. xUtd;
3. tWikiag; gpzp vd;Wk; bry;tj;ij ???????? ka=;fpf; fple;jhd;. FU ,uf;fk; bfhz;L mtid
vd;Wk; TWtu;. tpil: m) kUe;J
4.cyfk; cz;z cz;: cLj;j cLg;gha; vd;W Fjpiu kPJ mkur;bra;jhh;. mtd; Fjpiuiaj; jpUor;
Twpatu;??????????? tpil: M)ghujpjhrd;. brd;Wtpl;lhd;.Fjpiu th=;f FU Fjpiur;
vjpu;r;brhw;fisg; bghUj;Jf. re;ijf;Fr; brd;whh;. m=;F me;j jpUld; Fjpiuia
vspJ × mupJ. <jy; × Vw;wy;. tpw;Wf; bfhz;oUe;jhd;. FU/ ehd; Vkhe;J nghdJ
me;epau; × cwtpdu;. ,utyu; × g[utyu;. bjhpe;jhy; cz;ikapy; rhiyapy; kaf;fk; mile;J
bjhlu;fspy; mikj;J vGJf. ahh; fple;jhYk; mtUf;F ahUk; cjt khl;lh;fs;
Fwpf;nfhs; ? vd; Fwpf;nfhs; Mrpupau;; MtJ. vd;whh;.FUtpd; bgUikia epidj;J
flikfs; ? vdf;Fr; rpy flikfs; cs;sd. jiyFdpe;jhd; jpUld;.
thH;ehs; ? thH;ehs; Fwpf;nfhs; Mrpupau;; MtJ.
Kot[iu
rpe;jpj;J ? ehk; rpe;jpj;J bray;gl ntz;Lk;.
FWtpdh `cz;ik xsp~ vJ vd;gij mwpe;njhk;.
1. bghUsPl;Ltij tplt[k; bgupa bray; vJ> fw;fz;L : mzp ,yf;fzk;
bghUsPl;Ltijtplg; bgupa bray; FWtpdh
Kiwahf mDgtpg;gJk; gpwUf;Ff; bfhLj;J 1)cUtf mzpia tpsf;Ff.
kfpH;tJk; MFk;. ctik / bghUs; ,uz;Lk; xd;nw vd;gJ
2. bghUsPl;Ltjd; nehf;fkhff; Fd;wf;Fo njhd;Wk;go TWtJ cUtf mzpahFk;.
mofshu; TWtJ ahJ>
bghUsPl;Ltjd; nehf;fk; kw;wtu;fSf;F rhd;W :itafk; jfHpahf ~~(g{kp mfy; tpsf;F)
tH=;ft[k;/ thH;tpj;J thH;tJk; MFk;. 2.cUtf mzpf;Fk; Vfnjr cUtf mzpf;Fk; cs;s
rpWtpdh ntWghL ahJ>
1.xg;g[ut[f;Fk; mofshu; jUk; tpsf;fk; ahJ> cUtf mzp Vfnjr cUtf mzp
cjtp bgWgtiu cwtpduhf vz;zp/ cupik ,U bghUs;fis xd;iw
cilatuhf epidj;J/ cjtpbra;jtjw;Fg; gjpy; cUtfg;gLj;jJjy;. cUtfg;gLj;jp
mtnu vLj;Jf; bfhs;Sk; cupikia tH=;Fjy;
xg;g[ut[ MFk;. kw;bwhd;iw
2. CUzpiaa[k; kuj;ija[k; vLj;Jf;fhl;of; cUtfg;gLj;jhky;
Fd;wf;Fo mofshu; TWk; bra;jpfs; ahit> tUtJ.
CUzp/ midtUk; jz;zPu; vLj;Jf;
Fog;gjw;F cupik cilaJ/ gGj;j gad;kuj;jpd;
fdpfis midtUk; vLj;J mDgtpf;fyhk;.
kUe;Jkuk; neha[ilahu; vy;yhUk; gad;gLj;jyhk;.

3
 fl;Liu vGJf. “xw;Wikna cah;t[“ ,ay; ? 3
Kd;Diu ftpijg; ngiH : kiyg;bghHpt[
“xw;Wikna cah;t[“ vd;gijg; gw;wp ,f;fl;Liuapy; rhpahd tpiliaj; njhe;bjLj;J vGJf.
fhz;nghk;. 1.kdpjthH;f;ifapy; njitg;gLtJ???
xw;Wikna cah;t[ tpil :bghWik
❖ `xd;Wgl;lhy; cz;L thH;t[~ vd;whh; 2. rhe;j Fzk; cilath;fs; ?KGtija[k; bgWth;.
ghujpahh;. tpil: cyfk;
❖ xw;Wikahy; ek; ehnl caUk;. 3.`kiyast[~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf;
❖ ek; kf;fs; fhe;jpaofSld; xw;Wikahfr; fpilg;gJ???????. tpil :kiy+ mst[
bray;gl;ljhy; jhd; ekf;F tpLjiy 4. `jd;dhL~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf;
fpilj;jJ. fpilg;gJ????????????????. tpil : jd; +ehL
❖ g[ay; / Rdhkp / bts;sg; bgUf;F / g{fk;gk; 5. ,it + ,y;yhJ vd;gjidr; nrh;j;bjGjf;
Vw;gLk; nghJ gy r@f nrit mikg;g[fs; fpilg;gJ???????????????. tpil :,itapy;yhJ
xw;Wika[ld; kf;fisf; fhg;gw;wpdh;. FWtpdh
❖ my;yh / ,naR / rptd; Mfpa Kk;kjf; 1),e;j cyfk; ahUf;F chpaJ>
flt[s;fSk; @d;bwGj;jpy; xd;Wgl;L mikjpahd gz;g[ bfhz;lth;fSf;nf ,e;j cyfk;
epw;gijg; ghh;f;Fk; nghJ ehk; midtUk; chpaJ.
xd;Wgl;L kjey;ypzf;fj;njhL 2)cyfk; epiyjLkhwf; fhuzk; ahJ>
thHntz;Lk; vd;gij ehk; g[hpe;J rhjpfSk; fUj;J ntWghLfSk; cyfk;
bfhs;sntz;Lk;. epiyjLkhwf; fhuzk; MFk;.
Kot[iu 3)thH;f;if ky;h;r; nrhiyahf khw vd;d bra;a
midtUk; xw;Wikahf thH ntz;Lk; vd;gij ntz;Lk;>
mwpe;J bray;gLnthk;. thH;f;if ky;h;r;nrhiyahf khw ey;y cs;sj;njhL
thH;tpay; : jpUf;Fws; thH ntz;Lk;.
rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf. rpW tpdh
1)???????xU ehl;od; muzd;W.tpil : M)tay; 1.rhe;jk; gw;wp ,naR fhtpak; TWtd ahit>
2)kf;fs; midtUk; ????????????? xj;j rhe;jk; vd;w mikjpahd gz;g[ bfhz;lth;fSf;nf
,ay;g[ilath;fs;. tpil : m)gpwg;ghy; ,e;j cyfk; chpaJ.mth;fns jiyth;fs; vd;w
3) ~ehbld;g~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf; cz;ikia ,naRehjh; Twpdhh;.
fpilg;gJ????????????. tpil : ,)ehL+ vd;g rpe;jid tpdh
vy;yh kf;fSk; xw;Wikahf thH vd;d bra;a
4.fz;+ ,y;yJ vd;gjidr; nrh;j;bjGjf;
ntz;Lk;>
fpilf;Fk; brhy;???????????tpil : <)fz;zpy;yJ
vy;yh kf;fSk; xw;Wikahf thH kjk; / rhjp ViH /
gpd;tUk; Fwl;ghf;fspy; ctikazp gapd;W tUk;
gzf;fhud; Mfpa vz;zk; xHpa ntz;Lk;.
Fwisj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.
midtUk; xd;bwd epidf;f ntz;Lk;.
2.tpidahy; tpidahf;fpf; nfhly; eidft[s;
ftpijg;ngiH : jd;id mwpjy;
ahidahy; ahidahj; jw;W.
FWtpdh
தமி க rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;j vGJf.
1. TLfl;lj; bjhpahj gwit???. tpil: M)Fapy;
1.xU braiyr; bra;a vtw;iwbay;yhk; Muha
2.`jhbdhU` vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf;
ntz;Lk;>
bghUs; / fUtp /fhyk; / jd;ik /,lk; Mfpa Ie;Jk; fpilg;gJ???????????. tpil : ,)jhd; +xU
Muha;e;J mwpe;J xU braiyr; bra;a ntz;Lk;. FWtpdh
2.xU ehl;Lf;F vitbay;yhk; muz;fshf 1.fhf;if Vd; Fapy; F+;irg; nghfr;brhd;dJ>
mika[k;> fhf;iff;Ff; Tl;oy; cs;s xd;W / Fapy; F+;R
ePh; /epyk;/kiy /fhL vd;W bjhpate;jjhy;/mjidg; nghfr; brhd;dJ.
3.rpwe;j ehl;od; ,ay;g[fshf ts;Sth; TWtd 2.Fapy; F+;R jd;id vg;nghJ `Fapy;` vd
ahit> czh;e;jJ>
grp/neha;/gif Mfpait nruhky; ey;ytifapy; xU tpoaypy; Fapy; F+;R ``T~~ vd;W TtpaJ /
,Ug;gnj ehL MFk;. md;W jhd; xU `Fapy;` vd czh;e;jJ.

4
 rpWtpdh rpWtpdh
Fapy; F+;R jd;dk;gpf;ifa[ld; thHj; bjhl=;fpa Ml;rpbkhHp gw;wpa fhapnjkpy;yj;jpd; fUj;ij
epfH;it vGJf. tpsf;Ff.
fhf;iff;Ff; Tl;oy; cs;s xd;W / Fapy; F+;R vd;W ``gHikahd bkhHpfspy; xd;iwj;jhd; Ml;rp
bjhpate;jjhy;/mjidg; nghfr; brhd;dJ. fhfnk bkhHpahf;f ntz;Lk; vd;why; / mJ jkpH;bkhHp
jha; vd;W epidj;j Fapy;/me;j kuj;jpnyna thH vd;W jhd; ehd; cWjpahfr; brhy;ntd;. kz;zpny
Muk;gpj;jJ. `fh~ vd;W fj;j Kaw;rpj;jJ / mjdhy; Kjd; Kjyhfg; ngrg;gl;l bkhHp jkpH;bkhHp.
Koatpy;iy.mjw;Ff; TLfl;lj; bjhpahJ. mjw;F mjidj; jhd; ehl;od; Ml;rpbkhHpahf mwptpf;f
ahUk; ,y;iy. jhnd ,iu njlj; bjhl=;fpaJ.xU ntz;Lk; ~~vd;W Fwpg;gpl;lhh;.
tpoaypy; Fapy; F+;R ``T~~ vd;W TtpaJ / md;W rpe;jid tpdh
jhd; xU `Fapy;` vd czh;e;jJ
rpe;jid tpdh தமி க eP=;fs; xU jiytuhf ,Ue;jhy; vj;jifa kf;fs;
eyg;gzpiar; bra;tPh;fs;>
c=;fsplk; cs;s jdpj;jd;ikfshf eP=;fs; fUJtd rhjp / kj Vw;wj;jhH;t[fis ePf;Fntd;.,e;jpa
ahit> ejpfis ,izg;ngd;.tWikiag; nghf;Fntd.;
jd;dk;gpf;if/cz;ik ngRntd;/,uf;fk;
fhl;Lntd;/vjw;Fk; ftiyg;gl khl;nld;. tphpthdk; : gazk;
Mfpait vd;dplk; cs;s jdpj;jd;ikfs; MFk;. Kd;Diu
`gazk;~ vd;Dk; fijiar; RUf;fpf; fhz;nghk;.
ciueil cyfk; ? fz;zpakpF jiytu; Mir
xUth; kpjptz;oapd; kPJ Mir itj;J kpjp tz;o
rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf. xd;iw th=;Ffpd;whh;. kpjptz;oapy; bry;YtJ
1. fhapnjkpy;yj; ?????????gz;gpw;F cjhuzkhfj; jhd; mtUf;Fg; bghGJnghf;F.
jpfH;e;jhh;. tpil : vspik gazk;
2. `fhapnjkpy;yj;~ vd;Dk; mug[r;brhy;Yf;Fr; k=;fAh; bry;y ntz;Lk; vd;gJ mthpd; ePz;l ehs;
????????vd;gJ bghUs;. tpil : rKjha tHpfhl;o Mir. ,uz;L ehl;fs; kpjptz;o gazk; bra;jhu;.
3. tpLjiyg;nghuhl;lj;jpd; nghJ fhapnjkpy;yj; bghpa ,wf;fj;jpy; kpjptz;oapy; fhw;W
??????????????????,af;fj;jpy; fye;Jbfhz;lhh;. ,w=;fptpl;lJ. fhw;wof;Fk; fUtpa[k;
tpil : xj;JiHahik ,y;iy.fila[k; ,y;iy.
4. fhapnjkpy;yj; jkpH;bkhHpia Ml;rpbkhHpahf;f cjtp
ntz;Lk; vd;W ngrpa ,lk; tpil : ehlhSkd;wk; xU Foir tPL bjhpe;jJ. mjpy; xU rpWtDk;
5. `vjpbuhypj;jJ~ vd;Dk; brhy;iyg; gphpj;J vGjf; mtdJ mk;kht[k; ,Ue;jdh;mtu;fs; ,tUf;F
fpilg;gJ??????????. tpil : vjph; + xypj;jJ cjt[fpd;wdu;. rpWtDf;F kpjptz;o Xl;lf;
6.KJik + bkhHp vd;gjidr; nrh;j;bjGjf; fw;Wf;bfhLf;fpwhh;.mk;khtpd;mDkjp bgw;W / jd;
fpilf;Fk; brhy; ????????????. tpil : KJbkhHp khkh tPl;oy; tplr;brhy;yp rpWtd; nfl;lhd;. khkh
FWtpdh tPL beU=;Fk; rpwpJ J}uj;jpw;F Kd;djpy; ,Ue;J
1. tpLjiyg; nghuhl;lj;jpy; fhapnjkpy;yj; kpjptz;oia kPz;Lk; rpWtd; Xl;lf; nfl;lhd;.
mth;fspd; g=;F gw;wp vGJf. kpjptz;o rpWtd; Xl;of;bfhz;L ,Uf;Fk; nghJ /
xj;JiHahik ,af;fj;jpy; g=;F bfhs;s mtdplk; brhy;yhky; ngUe;jpy; Vwp bry;fpd;whh;
fhe;jpaofs; ,is+h;fSf;F miHg;g[ tpLj;jhh;. Kot[iu
mJ fhapnjkpy;yj;jpd; kdjpy; tpLjiy czh;it rpWtdpd; kdk; kfpHr; bra;j mthpd; fUiz
Vw;gLj;jpaJ. fy;tpia tpl ehl;L tpLjiy gazk; ghuhl;Lf;FhpaJ.
nkyhdJ vd;W vz;zp xj;JiHahik ,af;fj;jpy; fw;fz;L ? MFbgau;
fye;J bfhz;lhh;. rhpahd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.
2. fhapnjkpy;yj; mth;fs; jd; FLk;gj;jpYk; 1.bghUspd; bgah; mjd; cWg;g[f;F
vspikiaf; filgpoj;jhh; vd;gjw;Fr; rhd;whf cs;s MfptUtJ????????????. tpil :bghUshFbgah;
epfH;it vGJf. 2.,e;j ntiyia Kof;f xU if FiwfpwJ
fhapnjkpy;yj; mth;fs; jd; kfdpd; jpUkzj;jpy; vd;gJ????????????. tpil : rpidahFbgah;
bgz;tPl;lhhplk; kzf;bfhil th=;fhky;/ 3.kiH rlrlbtdg; bga;jJ. ? ,j;bjhlhpy;
Mlk;guk; ,y;yhky; kpf vspikahf kfd; mike;Js;sJ??????????. tpil : ,ul;ilf;fpstp
jpUkzj;ij elj;jpdhh;. 4.mLf;Fj;bjhlhpy; xnu brhy; ??????????Kiw tiu
mLf;fp tUk;. tpil : ehd;F

5
 FWtpdh Ambition - yl;rpak; Communism- bghJt[ilik
1.xU bgah;r;brhy; vg;nghJ MFbgah; MFk;> Responsibility- flik Neighbour - mayth;
xU bgah;r;brhy; mjd; bghUisf; Fwpf;fhky; / Poverty - tWik Recipropcity - xg;g[ut[ bewp
mjndhL bjhlh;g[ cila ntW xd;wpw;F tUk; Courtesy- ew;gz;g[
nghJ mJ MFbgah; Mf khWk;. ,ay; ?3
2.,ul;ilf;fpstp vd;gJ ahJ > rhd;W jUf. Religion- rkak; Simplicity- vspik
,ul;ilahf te;J /gphpj;jhy; jdpg;bghUs; juhj
brhw;fs; ,ul;ilf;fpstp MFk;.rhd;W :rlrl Charity- <if Dignity- fz;zpak;
rpW tpdh Doctrine- bfhs;if Philosophy- jj;Jtk;
1.bghUshFbgaiua[k; rpidahFbgaiua[k; Integrity- neh;ik Sincerity- tha;ik
ntWgLj;Jf. Preaching - cgnjrk; Astronomy- thdpay;
bghUshF bgah; rpidahF bgah; kdg;ghlg; gFjp
ftpijg;ngiH : g[Jik tpsf;F
xU bghUspd; bgah; rpidapd; bgah; itafk; jfspah thh;flny bea;ahf
rpid(cWg;g[)f;F bghUSf;F
bta;a fjpnuhd; tpsf;fhfr; ? bra;a
MfptUtJ bghUshF MfptUtJ
bgah;. rpidahFbgah;. Rlh;MHpahd; mof;nf Nl;ondd; brhy;khiy
,lh;MHp eP=;Ffnt vd;W.
2.,ul;ilf;fpstp / mLf;Fj;bjhlh; xg;gpLf. ftpijg; ngiH : mwk; vd;Dk; fjph;
,d;brhy; tpisepydh <jny tpj;jhf
mLf;Fj;bjhlh; ,ul;ilf;fpstp
td;brhy; fisfl;L tha;ik vUtl;o
gphpj;jhy; bghUs; gphpj;jhy; bghUs; md;g[ePh; gha;r;rp mwf;fjph; <dXh;
jUk;. juhJ. ig=;TH; rpWfhiyr; bra;. ? Kidg;ghhoahh;
thH;tpay; : jpUf;Fws;
ehd;F Kiw tiu ,uz;L Kiw 1.tpidahy; tpidahf;fpf; nfhly; eidft[s;
mLf;fp tUk;. kl;Lnk tUk;.
ahidahy; ahidahj; jw;W.
brhw;fs; jdpna brhw;fs; ,ize;nj 2.cWgrpa[k; Xthg; gpzpa[k; brWgifa[k;
epw;Fk;. epw;Fk;. nruhJ ,ay;tJ ehL.
3.gpwg;bghf;Fk; vy;yh caph;f;Fk; rpwg;g[xt;th
fojk; vGJf bra;bjhHpy; ntw;Wik ahd;.
c=;fs; Chpy; eilbgWk; jpUtpHhitf; fhz tUkhW
ftpijg; ngiH : kiyg;bghHpt[
miHg;g[ tpLj;J cwtpdh; xUtUf;Ff; fojk; vGJf.
23/ftpkzp efh;/ tha[k; tapWk; Mirapy; tpGe;jhy;
<nuhL ? 1/ thH;f;if ghiytdk; ? mth;
ehs;:?????????. J}a kdj;jpy; thH epidj;jhy;
md;g[s;s mj;ijf;F/ vy;yhk; nrhiytdk;-
mz;zd; kfd; vGJk; fojk;. midtUk;; eykhf jika[k; thl;og; gpwiua[k; thl;Lk;
,Uf;fpd;nwhk;. mJnghy m=;F midtUk; rz;il rr;rut[ ? jpdk;
eykh>mLj;j khjk; v=;fs; Chpy; jpUtpHh eilbgw
jd;dhL vd;Wk; gpwh;ehL vd;Wk;
,Uf;fpd;wJ. xU thuk; ,j;jpUtpHh eilbgWk;.
jh=;fSk; khkht[k; mtrpak; fye;Jbfhs;s ngRk; bgha;a[wt[-
ntz;Lk;. md;g[ld; Kof;fpd;nwd;. ,ikf;Fk; nghjpy; Mapuk; nghl;o
,g;gof;F/ vj;jid tPz;fdt[ ? jpdk;
????????????????? ,it ,y;yhJ mikjpfs; bra;jhy;
,jak; kiyast[-
ciwnky; Kfthp
bgWeh; :
j.ghujp/ ? fz;zjhrd;
56/itif efh;/ jpUr;rp ?2.
fiyr;brhy; mwpnthk;. Mf;fk;:
தமி க
,ay;?1 r.Nrl;L kjhh;rh>
civilization - ehfupfk; folklore- ehl;Lg;g[wtpay; g.M.jkpo;> <.Nf.vk;.m.f.kju]h
harvest - mWtil irrigation - ePu;g;ghrdk; ,];yhkpah c.gs;sp
foreigner -may;ehl;odu; agriculture - ntshz;ik <NuhL - 638001.
poet - ftp+u; paddy- bew;gapu; miyNgrp : 8883681115
cultivation- gapupLjy; agronomy- cHtpay;
,ay;?2
Objective - Fwpf;nfhs; Wealth - bry;tk;
6