Programme: Information Technology Education

Course: Network Administration And Security

Class: ITE300A
Group: Nine (9)
Lecturer: Dr. Eldad Antwi

Name Index Number

Hannah Brako 5211040006
Darko Kelvin 5211040085
Prince Abeka Tannor 5211040013
Daniel Acheampong 5211040062
Daniel Donkor 5211040052
Akrugu Hamzah 5211040097
Muntala Mohammed 5211040072
Turkson Okoto Tetteh 5211040004
Amponsah Manasseh 5211040098

IPCONFIG
8a. Write down your IP address.
Ans: 10.50.120.89
b. Write down your MAC address for the computer you are using.
Ans: 96-D4-24-A7-6F-89
c. Write down the IP address of the computer that connects to the Internet
(Default Gateway)
Ans: 10.50.0.1
A. END OF IPCONFIG QUESTIONS
1. What is the practical difference between an IP address and a physical
(MAC) address? Comment on the changing phases in relation to a host
in practice.
Ans: Changing phases in relation to host: with boots up, MAC address
stays the same while IP address may change. And, when host moves to
a different network, IP address changes, MAC address stays the same.
2. What is a Default Gateway of your computer?
Ans: 10.50.0.1
3. If DHCP is enabled, on what date was the lease obtained?
Ans: 05 July 2024 15:04.09
4. If DHCP is enabled, on what date does the ease expire?
Ans: 05 July 2024 17:04.06
5. What do DNS servers do?
Ans: DNS serves translate domain names to IP address.
6. What is a subnet mask?
Ans: Subnet mask is a 32-bit number that obtains the scope of a
subnet and also defines the network portion of the IP address.

PING
33. Test the Network Interface TCP/IP Stack. Record one of the replies from your
ping command.
Ans: Reply from 127.0.0.1: bytes = 32 times<1ms TTL – 128
B. END OF PING THOUGHT QUESTIONS
1. Can you adjust the number of packets that are sent? How?
Ans: Yes, you can adjust the number of packets sent by using the -n
option followed by the number of packets you want to send.
2. What did the -t, -n, -l, -r options do?
Ans: -t: specifies the time to wait before timing out (in seconds)
-n: Specifies the number of packets to send
-l: Specifies the size of the packets to send (in bytes)
-r: Specifies that the route to the destination should be displayed
3. Why would you experience packet loss?
Ans: Due to network congestion, poor network connectivity, High
latency
4. Why would you want to send larger packets?
 Ans: To test network bandwidth and throughput and simulate real-
world data transfer scenarios.
5. Record one of the replies from your ping command in 33 above.
Ans: Reply from 127.0.0.1: bytes = 32 times<1ms TTL – 128

TRACERT & PATHPING

C. END OF TRACERT THOUGHT QUESTIONS
1. Why would you use the -d option?
Ans: Used to prevent the resolution of IP addresses to hostnames,
which can speed up the tracing process.
2. If you had several nodes "time out" how would the -w option help?
Ans: it can help by increasing the timeout value, allowing more time
for responses from nodes that may be slow or distant.
3. Why would a network administrator only want to see part of the route?
Ans: To focus on a specific segment of the network, identify issues in a
particular area and simplify the output and reduce clutter.
4. How would the pathing results change if you didn't use -q 5 in the
command?
Ans: The results would show the detailed packet-by-packet routing
information for each hop, rather than just the summary statistics.

NETSTAT
D. END OF NETSTAT THOUGHT QUESTIONS
1. How can netstat help you track the information coming in and out of
your computer?
Ans: By displaying active connections, protocols statistics, and routing
tables, allowing you to monitor network activity and identifying
potential issues.
2. How can netstat help you diagnose network problems? [Do not list
commands]
Ans: By providing insights into connections status, protocols usage and
routing paths, enabling you to identify bottlenecks, congestions, or
configuration issues. #
3. How would the routing table (netstat -r) be useful?
Ans: The routing (netstat -r) is useful for understanding how your
computer routes traffic to destinations, helping you identify potential
routing issues, misconfigurations, or connectivity problems.
4. Why would someone need different statistics for IP, IPv6, ICMP. TCP,
UDP, etc.?
Ans: Because each protocol serves a specific purpose and may have
unique issues or performance characteristics.

NSLOOKUP
E. END OF NS LOOKUP THOUGHT QUESTIONS
1. From the above figure (fig 1-32), why are there multiple IP addresses
associated with a single domain name (e.g. www.cnn.com and
www.Google.com)?
Ans: Because of load balancing, redundancy, and geolocation
2. Why did Nslookup query Custl.dns.cais.net (or another domain) instead
of querying www.cnn.com directly?
Ans: Because DNS lookup follows hierarchical process, starting with
root servers, then top-level domains, and finally authoritative name
servers.
3. Why does www.google.com use an alias?
Ans: It uses an alias to point a canonical name allowing flexible hosting
and server management and load balancing and scalability.
4. How do domain names and IP addresses get registered? Name the
organization that handles this process.
Ans: Domain name and IP addresses get register through ICANN
(Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers).
5. What is your default server listed as from Question 13?
Ans: Default Server: Unknown Address: 192.168.139.164
6. What is the translated IP address from question 14? Is the IP address
an IPv4 address or an IPv6 address?
Ans: 192.168.139.164