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 Chapter 7 Inheritance 1

Chapter 7
Inheritance

◼ Multiple Choice
1) Inheritance is the process by which a new class – known as a _________ - is created from another
class, called the _____________.
(a) base class, derived class
(b) derived class, base class
(c) inherited class, base class
(d) base class, inherited class
Answer: B

2) Inheritance promotes code ___________.

(a) reinvention
(b) reuse
(c) repeats
(d) all of the above
Answer: B

3) The keyword extends indicates:

(a) encapsulation
(b) polymorphism
(c) inheritance
(d) none of the above
Answer: C

4) A derived class is also called a

(a) sub class
(b) super class
(c) base class
(d) all of the above
Answer: A

Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken NJ

 Chapter 7 Inheritance 2

5) A super class is also called a

(a) derived class
(b) dominant class
(c) sub class
(d) base class
Answer: D

6) What does a derived class automatically inherit from the base class?
(a) instance variables
(b) static variables
(c) public methods
(d) all of the above
Answer: D

7) If the final modifier is added to the definition of a method, this means:

(a) The method may be redefined in the derived class.
(b) The method may be redefined in the sub class.
(c) The method may not be redefined in the derived class.
(d) None of the above.
Answer: C

8) A base class is synonymous with a:

(a) Child class
(b) Parent class
(c) Derived class
(d) Sub class
Answer: B

9) The special syntax for invoking a constructor of the base class is:
(a) super()
(b) base()
(c) parent()
(d) child()
Answer: A

10) An object of a derived class has the type of the derived class, and it also has the type of the base
class, and more generally, has the type of every one of its ___________ classes.
(a) descendant
(b) child
(c) ancestor
(d) sub
Answer: C
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken NJ
 Chapter 7 Inheritance 3

11) In using the keyword this in place of super(), the invocation of this must be the ___________
action taken by the constructor.
(a) first
(b) last
(c) it does not matter
(d) none of the above
Answer: A

12) A method or instance variable modified by protected:

(a) can not be accessed by name inside its own class definitions.
(b) can not be accessed by name inside any class derived from it.
(c) can not be accessed by name in the definition of any class in the same package.
(d) can not be accessed by name in any other class (that is, other than classes named in a-c.).
Answer: D

13) If an instance variable is not modified by public, protected or private then it is said to have:
(a) Package access
(b) Default access
(c) Friendly access
(d) All of the above
Answer: D

14) The class __________ is an ancestor class of all Java classes.

(a) String
(b) Object
(c) Math
(d) JFrame
Answer: B

15) The Object class contains the method:

(a) getClass()
(b) toString()
(c) equals()
(d) all of the above
Answer: D

16) The equals method for a class should have _________ as the type of its one parameter.
(a) String
(b) Object
(c) Integer
(d) Double
Answer: B
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken NJ
 Chapter 7 Inheritance 4

◼ True/False
1) A derived class contains only public instance variables and public methods from the base class.
Answer: False

2) Inheritance refers to a very specialized form of a class.

Answer: False

3) A derived class is a class defined by adding instance variables and methods to an existing class.
Answer: True

4) When you define a derived class, you give only the added instance variables and the added methods
as well as all the methods from the base class.
Answer: False

5) The keyword extends indicates polymorphism.

Answer: False

6) Overriding is when a derived class redefines a method from the base class.
Answer: True

7) A constructor for a derived class begins with an invocation of a constructor for the base class.
Answer: True

8) The call to the base class constructor (super) must always be the last action taken in a constructor
definition.
Answer: False

9) You may substitute the keyword this for super() to call a constructor of the derived class.
Answer: True

10) An instance variable (or method) that is private in a base class is accessible by name in the definition
of a method in any other class.
Answer: False

11) Private methods of the base class are not available for use by derived classes.
Answer: True

Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken NJ

 Chapter 7 Inheritance 5

◼ Short Answer/Essay
1) Explain what a call to super() does in a constructor of a derived class.
Answer: When super() is used in a constructor of a derived class, the matching constructor in the
immediate base class is invoked.

2) Define a base class to represent a Clock. Your class should have instance variables for hours,
minutes and seconds.
Answer:

public class Clock

private int hour;

private int minute;

private int second;

public Clock()

//initialize to default values

hour = 0;

minute = 0;

second = 0;

public Clock(int h, int m, int s)

Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken NJ

 Chapter 7 Inheritance 6

setHour(h);

setMinute(m);

setSecond(s);

/**

Valid integers for hour is in the range of 0 - 24

*/

public void setHour(int h)

if((h >= 0) && (h <= 24))

hour = h;

else

System.out.println("Fatal error: invalid hour");

/**

Valid integers for minute is in the range 0 - 59

*/

public void setMinute(int m)

Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken NJ

 Chapter 7 Inheritance 7

if((m >= 0) && (m <= 59))

minute = m;

else

System.out.println("Fatal error: invalid minute");

/**

Valid integers for second is in the range 0 - 59

*/

public void setSecond(int s)

if((s >= 0) && (s <= 59))

second = s;

else

System.out.println("Fatal error: invalid second");

public int getHour()

Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken NJ

 Chapter 7 Inheritance 8

return hour;

public int getMinute()

return minute;

public int getSecond()

return second;

//Facilitator methods

public String toString()

return "The current time is: " + hour + ":" + minute + ":" + second;

public boolean equals(Object o)

if(o == null)

Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken NJ

 Chapter 7 Inheritance 9

return false;

else if(getClass() != o.getClass())

return false;

else

Clock otherClock = (Clock) o;

return((hour == otherClock.hour) && (minute == otherClock.minute)

&& (second == otherClock.second));

3) Define a derived class to represent an alarm clock. Use the Clock class, created in number 2 above,
as your base class.
Answer:

/**

An alarm clock should include a time to sound the alarm as well as methods

to set the alarm.

*/

public class AlarmClock extends Clock

Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken NJ

 Chapter 7 Inheritance 10

public int alarmHour;

public int alarmMinute;

public int alarmSecond;

public AlarmClock()

super();

alarmHour = 0;

alarmMinute = 0;

alarmSecond = 0;

public AlarmClock(int theHour, int theMinute, int theSecond,

int alarmH, int alarmM, int alarmS)

super(theHour, theMinute, theSecond);

setAlarmHour(alarmH);

setAlarmMinute(alarmM);

setAlarmSecond(alarmS);

Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken NJ

 Chapter 7 Inheritance 11

public void setAlarmHour(int alarmH)

if((alarmH >= 0) && (alarmH <= 24))

alarmHour = alarmH;

else

System.out.println("Fatal error: invalid alarm hour");

public void setAlarmMinute(int alarmM)

if((alarmM >= 0) && (alarmM <= 59))

alarmMinute = alarmM;

else

System.out.println("Fatal error: invalid alarm minute");

public void setAlarmSecond(int alarmS)

if((alarmS >= 0) && (alarmS <= 59))

Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken NJ

 Chapter 7 Inheritance 12

alarmSecond = alarmS;

else

System.out.println("Fatal error: invalid alarm second");

public int getAlarmHour()

return alarmHour;

public int getAlarmMinute()

return alarmMinute;

public int getAlarmSecond()

return alarmSecond;

public String getCurrentAlarmTime()

Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken NJ

 Chapter 7 Inheritance 13

return "The alarm is set to " + alarmHour + ":" + alarmMinute + ":" +

alarmSecond;

//Facilitators

public String toString()

return "The current time is " + getHour() + ":" + getMinute() + ":" +

getSecond() + "\nThe alarm is set to " + getAlarmHour() + ":" +

getAlarmMinute() + ":" + getAlarmSecond();

public boolean equals(Object o)

if(o == null)

return false;

else if(getClass() != o.getClass())

return false;

else

Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken NJ

 Chapter 7 Inheritance 14

AlarmClock otherClock = (AlarmClock) o;

return((getHour() == otherClock.getHour()) && (getMinute() ==

otherClock.getMinute()) && (getSecond() ==

otherClock.getSecond()) && (alarmHour ==

otherClock.alarmHour) && (alarmMinute ==

otherClock.alarmMinute) &&

(alarmSecond == otherClock.alarmSecond));

4) Create a test driver to test the functionality of your AlarmClock class created in number 3 above.
Answer:

public class ClockTest

/** Test driver to exercise the AlarmClock class */

public static void main(String args[])

AlarmClock myClock = new AlarmClock(12, 30, 0, 6, 30, 0);

System.out.println(myClock.toString());

Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken NJ

 Chapter 7 Inheritance 15

//Change the alarm time

myClock.setAlarmHour(7);

System.out.println(myClock.toString());

//Create another AlarmClock object and test equals

AlarmClock mySecondClock = new AlarmClock();

if(myClock.equals(mySecondClock))

System.out.println("The AlarmClocks are equal!");

else

System.out.println("The AlarmClocks are not equal!");

5) Explain how parent and child classes are related to base and derived classes.
Answer: A base class is often called the parent class, and a derived class is often called a child
class.

6) Explain the difference between method overloading and method overriding.

Answer: Overriding refers to redefining a method definition in a derived class. When a method
definition is overridden, the new method definition has the exact same number and types of
parameters. An overloaded method has the same name as another method in the class, but number
and/or type of parameters differ.

7) What is an “is a” relationship? How does it apply to the world of objects?

Answer: An “is a” relationship represents the principal of inheritance. Specifically, an “is a”
relationship refers to the fact that every object not only is of its own type, but is also of the type of
its ancestor classes. This is a reflection of what occurs in the everyday world.

8) What is a “has a” relationship?

Answer: A “has a” relationship is a composition. It allows one to create closes that are composed
of other classes.
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc., Hoboken NJ
Random documents with unrelated
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Palazzo di Giustizia (Rome), 65 n. 3
Palestine, 92
Palladius, cited 201 n. 5, n. 6
“Pallas,” παλλάδες (coins), 54, 291
Pallas (goddess), 16, 54;
see also Athena
Pallat, Athenische Mitteilungen, cited 317 n. 7, 318
Palmerius (Le Paulmier), Exerc., cited 40
Pamphaes, 273
Pamphilus, 39 n. 1
Panaitios, 273, 274
Panathenaic amphorae, 113;
games, 260
Panciatighi, 3
Pandion, 313
πανδοκεύων, 135
Pangaion, Mt, 36, 54 n. 1, 56, 59, 148
Panionios, 191 n. 3
Panofka (T.), Res Samiorum, cited 68 n. 1
Pantagnotos, 82
Pantaleon, 137, 273
Papal treasury, 304
Pape (W.), Griechische Eigennamen, cited 199 n. 10
paper currency, 3, 4
Paphlagonia, 48, 50, 284 n. 4
Paphos, 118, 119
papyri, 48 n. 6, 104, 257
Paralia, παραλία, πάραλος γῆ, παράλιοι, 41, 312, 313
Paralos (ship), 312
παραθαλάσσιος, 313
Parian Marble, see Marmor Parium
Parnes, Mt, 40, 41, 44, 308–311
παρθένοι (coins), 54
Pasqui, Notizie d. Scavi, cited 219 n. 3
παστάδες, 218
patricians, 216, 227
Patrokleides, 194, 197
Pauly Wissowa, cited 41 n. 3, 56 n. 1, 120 n. 4, 148 n. 5, 156 n. 2, 161
n. 2, 162 n. 3, 166 n. 1, 201 n. 8, 203 n. 4, 207 n. 4, 222 n. 3, n. 5,
268 n. 4, 272 n. 3, n. 4, 276 n. 5, 279 n. 3, 331 n. 3
Pausanias, Description of Greece, 160, cited 46 n. 6, 62 n. 5, n. 6, 65
n. 5, 70 n. 3, 145 n. 1, 157 n. 2, 158, 159, 162 n. 3, 165 n. 2, 167 n. 1,
n. 2, 169 n. 2, n. 4, 176 n. 3, 177 n. 1, n. 3, 179, 183 n. 3, 193 n. 5,
195, 198, 211, 212 n. 2, 258 n. 3, 259 n. 2, n. 3, 260 n. 4, 263, 264 n.
1, n. 6, 266, 267 n. 5, 284 n. 4, n. 5, 309, 331, 336 n. 1
Pausanias the Spartan, 24, 30, 282
Payne (Henry B.), 5
Peak of Derbyshire, 40
Pearson, ed. Sophocles, cited 16 n. 7
Pegasus, 57, 188, 209
Peile, cited 134 n. 5
Peiraeans, trittys of, 41 n. 3
Peirene, 62 n. 6
Peisistratids, 14, 15, 25, 31, 264, 289, 292
Peisistratus, 7, 10, 13, 15, 16 n. 7, 28–32, chap. II. passim, 76 n. 5, 137,
166, 167, 215, 221, 231, 245 n. 2, 260, 265, 268, 271 n. 4, 274, 287,
 291, 299, 302, 303 n. 2, 305–307, 308 n. 3, 309, 310 n. 2, 311, 328
Pelasgians, 309
pelatai, 13, 307
Pelham (H.), Outlines of Roman History, cited 239
Peloponnese, Peloponnesians, 66, 72, 154, 155, 156 n. 1, 173, 175, 176,
178, 180, 294, 305 n. 1, 313, 317, 330
Peloponnesian brooches, 168;
war, 19, 23 n. 1, 26, 33 n. 1, 45, 260 n. 2;
weights and measures, 161, 172
Pelusium, 124
Pelusian mouth of Nile, 121
πενέσται, 24
πένητες καὶ πεζοί, 274
pentekosiomedimnoi, 16, 49
Pentelicon, 39 n. 6, 310
Penteskuphia, 207 n. 2, 208 n. 1
Pepoli, Roméo, 2
Περάτι, 311
Perdiccas, 24 n. 5
Perdrizet (P.), Klio, cited 36 n. 2, 46 n. 6, 47 n. 3, 50 n. 1, 59 n. 4
perfume vase, 119
Pergamum, Pergamus, Pergamene, 135 n. 4, 148, 284–286, 296, 297
Periander, 21, 24 n. 5, 31, 63, 104 n. 3, 124, 166, 167, 187 n. 8, 189–
192, 195–197, 212–215, 259, 260, 305
Pericles, 13 n. 3, 14, 15, 17, 49, 67, 231, 304
Periklytos of Tenedos, 162 n. 3
περιζώματα, 276
Pernice, Athenische Mitteilungen, 321 n. 4, 325 n. 5;
 see also Brueckner
περόναι, 170, 333
Perrot (G.), Histoire de l’Art dans l’Antiquité, cited 112, 116 n. 5, 169
n. 3
Perseus, 198, 214 n. 5
Persia, Persians, 20, 24, 31, 33, 47, 50, 53, 57, 61, 62, 66, 69–73, 75,
77 n. 3, 79, 80, 83, 84, 92 n. 2, 102 n. 1, 123, 124, 130, 132, 133,
138–140, 144, 145 n. 2, 172 n. 4, 249, 270, 271, 280 n. 1, 282 n. 2,
291, 292, 312 n. 5
Persian wars, 19, 25, 26, 32, 96, 260 n. 2, 332
Persinos, 282 n. 2
Peru, 44 n. 5
Perugia, 246
Petersen (E.), Klio, cited 253;
Roemische Mitteilungen, cited 246 n. 5
Petra, 193 n. 7
Petrie (Flinders), apud Hogarth, Annual of the British School at
Athens, 119 n. 5;
History of Egypt, cited 87 n. 9, 88 n. 1, n. 2, 97 n. 5, 98 n. 5, 100,
101 n. 4, 121, 123 n. 1, 125 n. 3;
Tanis, cited 109 n. 5, 112 n. 3, n. 4, 121
Petrie and Gardner, Naukratis, cited 103, 104 n. 7, 105–107, 109, 110
n. 3, 113 n. 2, 114 n. 1, n. 2, 116, 118 n. 1, n. 2, 119, 172 n. 1
Phacussa, 214 n. 6
φαινομηρίδες, 332
Phaistos, 298
Phalaris, 14, 27 n. 2, 274–278, 289 n. 2, 303 n. 2
Phaleas, 22 n. 1
Phaleron, 305
Phaleron ware, 315, 318, 321
Phalkes, 179
Phanes, 102 n. 1, 124
Phanias of Ephesus, cited 144 n. 3
Pharaoh, 88 n. 1 and chap. IV passim, 212
Pharaoh’s daughter, 197
Phasis, 148 n. 3
Pheidias (= Pheidon), 155 n. 2
Pheidon of Argos, 9, 26, 27 n. 2, 64 n. 3, 69 n. 5, 149, 152 n. 2, 154–
162, 164, 170, 171 n. 3, 172–186, 221, 235 n. 3, 259 n. 1, 260, 292,
294, 301 n. 1, 304, 305, 330, 331
Pheidon of Corinth, 182
φελλεῖς, 308
Pherecrates, Metalleis, cited 51 n. 2
Pheron, 97 n. 1
Philadelphia, 130 n. 7
Philaidae, Philaids, 33, 63
Philemonides, 12
Philetairos, 284–286, 288
Philip of Macedon, 36, 54 n. 1, 282, 330
Philip, son of Butacides, 239, 255
Philippi (Macedonia), 39 n. 4, 50
Philippi (A.), Beiträge zu einer Geschichte d. Attischen
Bürgerrechtes, cited 329
Philistus, 30
Philochorus, cited 36 n. 3, 39, 65, 66 n. 3, 134 n. 5
Philokypros, tyrant of Soli, 158, 303 n. 1
Philolog. Obozrenie, see Hirschensohn
Philologus, see Foerster, Forchhammer, Gutschmid, Landwehr,
Unger
φιλοπότης, 126
Philostratus, Vita Apollonii, cited 151 n. 4
Phocaea, 130 n. 6, 221, 240, 246, 282 n. 2
Phocians, 22
Phoenicia, Phoenicians, 87, 89, 90 n. 4, 93 n. 4, 106, 120, 239, 278 n.
2, 293, 321 n. 5, 324, 325, 326 n. 3
Phoenician standard, 132
Phoronid, 44 n. 4
φορτία, 68, 89
Photius, cited 19 n. 3, 54 n. 2, n. 4, 56 n. 4, 70 n. 5, 71 n. 1, 79 n. 2, 151
n. 1, 257 n. 2, 326 n. 9, 327, 328, 330 n. 3
Phrygia, 49, 62 n. 4, 140, 146, 147, 155 n. 2, 208, 213 n. 4, 293
Phye, 51, 52, 54, 55, 58–60, 291
φυλή τε καὶ φρατρία, 217
Pianchi, 88 n. 1, 95, 98, 99 n. 3, 100 n. 4
piece work, 20
Pi-emro, 106 n. 3
Pieria, 147
S. Pietro in Carcere, church of, 224 n. 5
Piganiol (A.), Journal d. Savants, cited 335
Pigres, 58, 59, 62
Pillars of Herakles, 68
πίμπρημι, 81
Pindar, 9–10, 290;
Isthmians, cited 156 n. 1;
Nemeans, cited 177 n. 7;
Olympians, cited 10 n. 1, n. 2;
 Pythians, cited 10 n. 3, 275, 289 n. 2, 336 n. 1;
Schol. Nemeans, cited 258 n. 2, 259–261;
Schol. Olympians, cited 157 n. 6, 176 n. 3, 182, 186 n. 2, 195 n. 3,
275 n. 5;
Schol. Pythians, cited 275 n. 2
Pindaros, tyrant of Ephesus, 272, 273
Pinza (G.), Bullettino della Commissione Archeologica Municipale di
Roma, cited 221 n. 2, 224 n. 5, 243, 336 n. 1, n. 2, 338 n. 1;
Monumenti Antichi, cited 244 n. 1, 252, 338 n. 2;
Roemische Mitteilungen, cited 243
Pipin, diploma, cited 261 n. 2
piracy, 70, 71, 129, 292, 321 n. 5, 324, 329, 330
Pisa (Italian), 2;
(Peloponnesian), 159, 160
Pisamiilki, see Psammetichus (Assyrian form)
Pitane, 285
πίθος, 207
plague, 92
plain, party of the, 35, 47, 48, 291, 307, 312
Plaka, 42
Plass (H. G.), Die Tyrannis, cited 70 n. 2, 71 n. 5, 198 n. 9, 269, 272
n. 4
Plataea, 26; in Libya, 68
Platner (S. B.), Topography of Rome2, cited 247 n. 5, 248 n. 1
Plato, 6, 28 n. 1, 29, 280, 281, 283, 286, 288, 290;
Alcibiades, cited 18;
Amator, cited 18;
Apology, cited 18;
Critias, cited 16, 40, 308 n. 2, 309;
Gorgias, cited 18, 208 n. 1;
Hipparchus, cited 302;
Laws, cited 16, 18, 176 n. 2, 181 n. 3, 290;
 Letters, cited 30 n. 1, 189 n. 8, 280 n. 1, 283 n. 3;
Meno, cited 24 n. 5, 85 n. 1;
Minos, cited 336 n. 1;
Phaedo, cited 26 n. 2;
Phaedrus, cited 198;
Protagoras, cited 16 n. 7, 189 n. 8;
Republic, cited 18, 20 n. 6, 24 n. 5, 26, 27, 28 n. 4, n. 5, 29 n. 6, 30,
129 n. 3, 145, 149, 151, 189 n. 8, 302, 304;
Timaeus, cited 122 n. 1, 214 n. 4;
Schol. Hippias Major, cited 190 n. 1;
Schol. Phaedrus, cited 198 n. 3
Plautus, Captivi, cited 12 n. 3
plebeians, 216, 217 n. 2, 223–225, 227, 228, 230, 233, 234
πλεκταί, 200
Pliny, Natural History, cited 17 n. 3, 40 n. 9, 44 n. 1, 68 n. 1, 70 n. 3,
71 n. 2, 80 n. 6, 87 n. 1, 122 n. 4, 129 n. 7, 135 n. 4, 146, 171 n. 3, 172
n. 5, 186 n. 1, n. 2, 211 n. 7, 215 n. 2, 217, 218, 220, 222 n. 3, 224 n.
5, 226 n. 3, 228 n. 1, n. 2, n. 4, 238 n. 3, 240 n. 2, 244 n. 1, 263 n. 5,
266, 275 n. 2, n. 5, 311 n. 1
πλοῖον, 269
Plotheia, 38, 41 n. 3, 45
ploughmen, 20
πλούσιοι, 269
Ploutis, Plontis (?), 269
Plutarch, 22, 39, 181, 183, 196, 269;
Lives: Agesilaus, cited 20;
Aratus, cited 336 n. 1;
Brutus, cited 229 n. 2;
Cato Major, cited 166 n. 6;
Cimon, cited 50 n. 7, 59 n. 1;
Demetrius, cited 93;
Demosthenes, cited 12 n. 6;
Dio, cited 284 n. 1;
Fabius Maximus, cited 162 n. 1, 164 n. 1;
 Lycurgus, cited 336 n. 1;
Lysander, cited 23, 58, 162 n. 1, 164 n. 1;
Nikias, cited 12 n. 4, 151 n. 2;
Numa, cited 160, 222;
Pericles, cited 13 n. 3, 14, 15, 17, 49 n. 2, 70 n. 5;
Phocion, cited 336 n. 1;
Poplicola, cited 223 n. 5, 337 n. 5;
Romulus, cited 238 n. 3;
Solon, cited 12 n. 1, 13, 16 n. 5, 34 n. 4, 35 n. 1, n. 2, n. 5, 37 n. 6,
49 n. 3, 63 n. 3, 65 n. 6, 169 n. 1, 170 n. 4, 308, 309 n. 4, 328
n. 5;
Themistocles, cited 46;
Theseus, cited 16 n. 4, 329 n. 8;
Timoleon, cited 302 n. 6, 336 n. 1;
Moralia: de Alexandri Magni Fortuna aut Virtute, cited 158 n. 6;
Amatoriae Narrationes, cited 180;
Amatorius, cited 35 n. 2, 37 n. 6, 275 n. 1;
Apophthegmata Laconica, cited 57 n. 5, 130 n. 4;
de Ei apud Delphos, cited 189 n. 8;
de Exilio, cited 168, 199 n. 5;
de Fortuna Romanorum, cited 238 n. 3;
Instituta Laconica, cited 336 n. 1;
de Iside et Osiride, cited 100 n. 4, n. 8;
de Malignitate Herodoti, cited 191 n. 3, 195 n. 1, 263 n. 5;
de Mulierum Virtutibus, cited 49 n. 1, 123 n. 5, 140 n. 3, 278 n.
5, 279 n. 2;
Parallela, cited 275 n. 2;
Paroemia, cited 76 n. 6, 77 n. 2, n. 4;
Praecepta Gerendae Reipublicae, cited 35 n. 2, 37 n. 6, 276 n. 3;
cum Principibus Philosophandum, cited 276 n. 3;
de Pythio Oraculo, cited 136 n. 3, 137 n. 1, 167;
Quaestiones Graecae, cited 69 n. 3, n. 5, 144 n. 6, 145 n. 4, 264
n. 6, 268;
Quaestiones Romanae, cited 337 n. 1, n. 5;
Regum et Imperatorum Apophthegmata, cited 179 n. 3, 208 n.
4;
Septem Sapientum Conuiuium, cited 104 n. 3, 124 n. 1, 191 n. 2,
195, 197, 198, 207 n. 3, 213 n. 4;
de Sera Numinis Vindicta, cited 257 n. 3, 262 n. 4, 275 n. 1;
 de Tranquillitate Animi, cited 134 n. 4;
de Vita et Poesi Homeri, cited 134 n. 2;
de Vitioso Pudore, cited 95 n. 1
Poehlmann (R.), Geschichte d. socialen Fragen u. des Socialismus i.
d. antik. Welt, cited 4 n. 2, 267, 269 n. 5;
Grundriss der griechischen Geschichte, cited 37 n. 7, 192 n. 1, 304
n. 3
polemarch, 194, 196, 197, 258, 270, 273, 300, 327 n. 9
Polledrara, 119 n. 3
Pollux, cited 13 n. 5, 19, 54 n. 2, 57 n. 5, 129 n. 2, n. 7, 138 n. 1, 143 n.
3, 147 n. 3, 152 n. 1, 155 n. 2, 156 n. 1, 162 n. 1, 172 n. 2, n. 6, 175 n.
2, 199 n. 6, n. 7, n. 8, n. 9, 200 n. 2, 264, 282 n. 2, 320 n. 4, 326 n.
8, n. 9, 327, 328
πῶλος (coin), 57
Polyaenus, cited 10 n. 6, 20 n. 4, 51 n. 2, 52, 69 n. 5, 70 n. 2, 90 n. 1,
96 n. 4, 140 n. 3, 145 n. 3, 147 n. 5, 211 n. 6, 259 n. 2, 272 n. 1, 273,
274 n. 4, 275–278, 283 n. 3
Polybius, cited 45 n. 3, 189 n. 4, 196 n. 5, 209, 210, 215 n. 2, 216, 275
n. 2, 285 n. 4, 302 n. 6, 305, 306, 336 n. 1
Polycharmus, cited 103, 118, 119
Polycrates, 10, 14, 21, 24 n. 5, 31, 49, 62, chap. III passim, 123, 124,
169, 177, 215, 260 n. 5, 267, 270 n. 7, 292, 303 n. 2, 305
Pompey, 23, 32
Pontic amphorae, 246
“pony” (coin), 57
Pope, 304;
see also papal
populares, 225
πόρυη, 139
Porphyrius, de Antro Nympharum, cited 201 n. 3
Porzio (G.), I Cipselidi, cited 27 n. 5, 31 n. 2, 192 n. 1, 194 n. 6, 196,
197 n. 4
Poseidon, 169 n. 2, 305
Postumius Tubertus, Postumii, 337
Potamos, Potamioi, 44 n. 3, 50
ποτήρια, 80
Potidaea, 190 n. 3
potteries, 21, 115, 207, 210, 214, 263
potters, 20, 139 n. 2, 186, 207–211, 217, 222, 243–246, 295, 323
potter’s wheel, 186, 210
pottery, 34, 53, 87, 105–119, 121 n. 5, 139 n. 1, 163, 164, 167–170, 174,
175, 185–187, 200–203, 205–208, 210, 212 n. 8, 214, 241–245,
248, 251, 252, 255, 263, 287, 295, 314–325, 333–335
Pottier (E.), 245 n. 1;
Musée du Louvre, Catalogue des Vases Antiques, cited 321 n. 4, n.
6;
Vases Antiques du Louvre (Album), 242 n. 1, 255 n. 3, 335;
apud Saglio, Dict. d. Antiq., cited 201, 315 n. 2, 317 n. 1
Poulsen (F.), Dipylongräber, cited 315 n. 1, n. 3, 316 n. 7, 321;
Der Orient u. die frühgriechische Kunst, cited 93 n. 3, n. 4, 112 n.
1, 119
praedives, 229
Praeneste, 219 n. 3, 238 n. 3
Prasiae, 330
Preller, Archäologische Zeitung, cited 198 n. 9
priest, 92, 272 n. 3, 303, 305
primores ciuitatis, 227
Prinz (H.), Funde aus Naukratis, cited 92 n. 2, 109, 110, 111 n. 2, 112
n. 2, n. 7, 113, 114 n. 2, 116 n. 4, n. 6, 117 n. 4, n. 5, 120 n. 1, n. 2,
123 n. 12, 212 n. 8, 315 n. 2, n. 5, 316 n. 4, n. 8, n. 10, 320 n. 6
private coinage, 141, 142, 143, 150, 152, 294
Procles of Epidaurus, 167
Proclus, Comment. in Platonis Rempublicam, cited 151 n. 4;
in Timaeum, cited 16 n. 7
Prodicus, cited 19 n. 4
προστὰς τοῦ δήμου, προστάτης, 27, 271
Proto-Attic pottery, 92 n. 2, 113, 315, 318, 319, 321
Proto-Corinthian pottery, 109, 117, 163, 185, 186, 244 n. 1, 248, 249,
263, 315–319, 334
Protogenes, 286–288, 297
prytanis, 270
Psammetichus of Corinth, 212–214
Psammetichus (Psamtek) I of Egypt, chap. IV passim, 212, 214, 292,
293, 298, 299
Psammetichus II of Egypt, 88 n. 1, 90
Psammetichus III of Egypt, 88 n. 1
Psammetichus the Libyan, 92 n. 2
Psammetichus, priest, 212 n. 6
Psammetichus son of Theocles, 212
Psammouthis, see Psammetichus II
Psaumis, 10 n. 2
Psellus (M.), cited 313 n. 4
Ptah, 97, 98
Ptolemaic story, 102 n. 1
Ptolemies, 160, 203 n. 4
Ptolemy Keraunos, 284, 285
Ptolemy, Geographike Syntaxis, cited 122 n. 4, 179
Ptoon, Mt, 108 n. 2
Publicola (Valerius), 229 n. 1, 337
Punic Wars, 32, 233
Pylaimenes, 48
Pyrrhic War, 32
Pythaenetus, cited 167 n. 4
Pythagoras of Ephesus, 271, 272
Pythagoras of Samos, 69 n. 1
Pythes, 49, 140, 147 n. 1, 152, 293
Pytheus, 140;
see also Pythes
Pythia, 144 n. 3
Pythian games, 260–262
Pytho, 137;
see also Delphi
pyxides, 248

quarries, quarrying, 21, 224, 225, 230, 233, 237, 276, 295
Quirinal, 253, 254
Radet (G.), La Lydie et le Monde grec, cited 2, 77 n. 3, 130 n. 1, n. 2,
n. 3, 131, 132 n. 3, 133 n. 4, 134 n. 5, 35, 136, 138, 139 n. 2, 141, 143
n. 3, 144, 145 n. 2, n. 3, n. 4, 146, 147 n. 3, 148, 273;
Revue des Universités du Midi, cited 128 n. 1, 135, 143 n. 3, 159 n.
5
Ramsay (W. M.), Journal of Hellenic Studies, cited 147 n. 3
Ramses II, 87 n. 9, 101
Ramses III, 44 n. 5
Rayet (O.), Monuments de l’Art Antique, cited 240 n. 2, 253 n. 4
Red Figure pottery, 107 n. 4, 108, 204, 326 n. 3, 335
Red Sea, 87
Regling (K.), apud Pauly Wissowa, 148 n. 5, 156 n. 2, 162 n. 3
Regulini-Galassi tomb, 93 n. 3, 243, 335
Reinach (A. J.), Journal des Savants, cited 110 n. 8
Reinach (S.), Chroniques d’Orient, cited 147 n. 3;
Cultes, Mythes, et Religions, cited 169;
Revue Archéologique, cited 70 n. 3
Reinach (Th.), L’Histoire par les Monnaies, cited 128 n. 1, 129 n. 3,
130 n. 2, 159 n. 5, 172 n. 4;
Revue Numismatique, cited 161 n. 2, 162 n. 3
Renaissance, 3, 32, 286
Revillout (E.), Précis du droit égyptien, cited 93 n. 2;
Les Rapports historiques et légaux des Quirites et des Égyptiens,
cited 93 n. 4;
Revue Égyptologique, cited 102 n. 1, n. 2,123 n. 7;
Society of Biblical Archaeology Proceedings, cited 123 n. 7
Revue Archéologique, see Dumont, Reinach (S.), Torr
Revue de l’Instruction Publique en Belgique, see Brants
Revue des Universités du Midi, see Radet
Revue Égyptologique, see Revillout
Revue d’Ethnologie et de Sociologie, see Macfie
Revue Historique, see Waltz
Revue Numismatique, see Babelon, Reinach (Th.)
rex, 303
Rhagon, 38
Rhegium, 74, 75, 210
Rheinisches Museum f. Philologie, see
Beloch, Gelzer, Hirschfeld, Holwerda, Koehler, Meyer (E.), Ruehl
Rheneia, 70, 71, 112
Rhitsona (Mykalessos), 106–108, 109 n. 4, 110, 113 n. 1, 114, 248, 335
Rhodes, 109, 112, 114, 119 n. 3, 171 n. 1, 187 n. 4
Rhodian pottery, see Milesian pottery
Rhodopis, 56 n. 3, 68
Rhoecus, 69 n. 1, 76, 80 n. 6
de Ridder (E.), de Ectypis quibusdam aeneis quae falso uocantur
Argiuo-Corinthiaca, cited 316 n. 9
Ridgeway (W.), Origin of Metallic Currency and Weight Standards,
cited 132 n. 3, 148 n. 6, 150, 160, 170–172;
Companion to Greek Studies, cited 128 n. 2, 150 n. 5;
Journal of Hellenic Studies, cited 172;
Numismatic Chronicle, cited 129 n. 7
ring of Gyges, 145–152, 293;
of Midas, 146, 151;
of Minos, 169;
of Polycrates, 70 n. 3, 83, 169;
of Venetian doge, 169;
rings as money, 148, 149, 171 n. 1, 293;
rings (seal), 150
Riviera, 312
Rivista di Storia Antica, see Costanzi
Rizzo (G. E.), 245 n. 1;
Bullettino della Commissione Archeologica Municipale di Roma,
cited 243 n. 4, 244, 246, 247
road makers, 14
roads, 130, 136, 190 n. 3, 232, 233, 273
Roberts (E. S.), Introduction to Greek Epigraphy, cited 106 n. 7, 123
n. 9
Rockefellers, 12
Roemische Mitteilungen, see Mitteilungen des deutschen
archäologischen Instituts in Rom
Rohde (E.), Psyche, cited 336 n. 1
Roland, 193 n. 7
Rome, Romans, 12 n. 3, 14, 15 n. 6, 20 n. 2, 22 n. 3, 23, 25, 32, 63 n.
4, 65 n. 3, 149, 160, 162 n. 3, 183 n. 6, 207, 211, chap. VIII passim,
261 n. 2, 277, 278, 287–289, 295, 296, 298, 303, 336–338
Roman Empire, 139 n. 2, 232;
Emperors, 60, 303
Romulus, 197, 198, 209, 221 n. 7, 239 n. 5
rope makers, 14
Roscher (W. H.), Lexikon, cited 336 n. 2
de Rougé (E.), Inscription Historique du roi Pianchi Mériamoun,
cited 96 n. 2;
Notice de quelques textes hiéroglyphiques récemment publiés par
M. Greene, cited 99 n. 3, n. 4;
(ed. J. de Rougé) Chrestomathie Égyptienne, cited 95 n. 3
de Rougé (J.), Étude sur les textes géographiques du temple d’Edfou,
cited 99 n. 3
royal road, great road, 130, 136, 273
Rud Amen, see Ammeris
Ruehl, Rheinisches Museum, cited 56 n. 2
Rufous (or Eastern) Swallow, 211 n. 4
Russia, 1, 110, 112 n. 1, 114, 142, 287
Rylands Library, Manchester, Catalogue of Greek Papyri, cited 66
n. 2;
Catalogue of the Demotic Papyri, see Griffith

Sabacon (Shabaka), 88 n. 1, 93, 96, 97

Sacred War, 65, 66, 247 n. 2, 258 n. 4, 259–261, 264
Sadyattes, King, 145 n. 3
Sadyattes, merchant, 137, 138, 152
Saglio (E.), Dictionnaire des Antiquités grecques et romaines, cited
44 n. 5, 46 n. 7, 56 n. 4, 142 n. 4, 162 n. 3, 201 n. 2, 203, 222 n. 6,
315 n. 2, 317 n. 1
sailors, 14
Sais, 87–89, 96, 98, 100, 102 n. 1, 104, 120 n. 3, 123, 124
Saite dynasty, 88, 95, 97, 99–103, 105, 121–124, 125 n. 3, 212, 214,
293
Salamis, 26, 29 n. 1, 166 n. 2, 168, 326 n. 3, 328
von Sallet (A.), Zeitschrift f. Numismatik, cited 75 n. 1
Sallust, cited 324 n. 5
Salonika, 190 n. 3
Salvioli (G.) (French translation by Bonnet (A.)), Le Capitalisme
dans le Monde Antique, cited 5, 230 n. 3, n. 5
Samaina, 70, 74, 75, 84
Samnite War, 32
Samos, Samians, 14, 21, 33, 49, chap. III passim, 86, 110, 112, 116,
117, 124, 150 n. 6, 151, 177, 178, 215, 251, 266 n. 1, 267, 292, 324 n.
6, 325, 326
Samian pottery, see Fikellura
Samtavi Tafnekht, 100
Samwer (C.), Geschichte des älteren römischen Münzwesens, cited
219 n. 1
De Sanctis (G.), Atthis2, cited 34 n. 2, 51 n. 4, 328, 329;
Journal des Savants, cited 249
Sandys (J.), ed. Ἀθηναίων Πολιτεία2, cited 35 n. 2, 37 n. 7
Sappho, 56 n. 3, 104, 120
sarcophagus, 246 n. 7
Sardis, 1, 33, 58, 76, 83, 129–131, 135, 138 n. 9, 139, 140, 152, 187, 191
n. 3, 273
Sargon of Akkad, 197
Saronic Gulf, 169 n. 4, 182, 329–331
satni (title), 97
Satni Khamois, 97, 100–102
Satni Tafnekhte, 102
Satrai, 59 n. 1
satrap, satrapy, 83, 132, 270 n. 7
Satricum (Conca), 219 n. 4, 246
Satyrus, cited 156
Saulmugina, 99 n. 3
Saxon, see Anglo-Saxon
Sayce (A. H.), ed. Herodotus, cited 87 n. 11, 89 n. 3, 90 n. 1, 91 n. 4;
Encyclopaedia Britannica, cited 197 n. 5
Scandinavian, 238 n. 1
scarabs, 105, 106, 109, 118 n. 2, 119 n. 3, 124
Schiaparelli, Monumenti Antichi, cited 93 n. 3, n. 4
Schoemann (G. F.), de Comitiis Atheniensium, cited 40 n. 5;
Jahrbücher f. Classische Philologie, cited 326 n. 6, 328 n. 3, 329
Scholia, see under authors concerned
Schow (N.), ed. Hesychius, cited 312 n. 2
Schrader (E.), Cuneiform Inscriptions and the Old Testament, cited
98 n. 3
Schubert (R.), Geschichte der Könige von Lydien, cited 135 n. 4, 138
n. 7, 144, 145 n. 4;
Geschichte des Agathokles, cited 209 n. 3, n. 4, 210 n. 2, n. 4
Schubring (J.), de Cypselo Corinthiorum tyranno, cited 194 n. 3, 196
n. 5, 197, 198 n. 9, 199 n. 10, 211
Schweighaeuser (J.), ed. Athenaeus, cited 270 n. 2
Schweinfurth (G.), see Erman
Scotland, 162
sculptors, sculpture, 14, 53 n. 2, 81, 101, 128, 206, 228 n. 3, n. 4, 252,
253, 263, 285, 302
Scyllis, 263 n. 5
(Pseudo-) Scymnus, cited 91 n. 1
Scythia, 72, 271
sea power, 68, 70–73, 81–83, 87, 95–97, 103, 165, 168, 169, 177, 184,
321–331;
see also thalassocracy
seals, 149–151
secessions, 227, 233, 235 n. 2, 296
Seeck (O.), Klio, cited 34 n. 2, 53 n. 2, 56 n. 2
Seeley (J.), ed. Livy I, cited 246 n. 1
Segesta, 80 n. 5;
see also Egestaeans
Seleucus, Seleucids, 284, 285
Selinus, 265
Sem of Ptah, 98, 100
Semachos, Semacheion, Semachidai, 38, 39, 41 n. 3, 50, 291
σήμαντρον, 150
Semites, 278 n. 2
Semitic origin of χιτών, 333 n. 2
Sennacherib, 92, 97, 100, 325
serfs, 13, 24
Servilius Ahala, 230
Servius, ad Vergil. Aeneid., cited 224 n. 5, 238 n. 3, 311 n. 1, 336, 337
n. 1
Servius Tullius, 218–223, 224 n. 5, 238 n. 2, n. 3, 245, 246, 249, 295
seruus rex, 249
Sethon, Sethos, 88 n. 1, 92, 93, 97–103, 105 n. 2, 292, 293, 303 n. 1
Seti I, 87 n. 9
setmi, 97
Seven against Thebes, 262
seven sages, 189
Sevenoaks, 125 n. 3
Shabaka, see Sabacon
Shabataka, 88 n. 1, 97, 98 n. 3, n. 4, 125 n. 3
Sharpe (S.), History of Egypt6, cited 121 n. 3
sheep breeding, 266
shekel, 132, 133
Shelley (P. B.), trans. Euripides, Cyclops, cited 40 n. 9
Shepnepet, 99 n. 3
shipbuilders, shipbuilding, 20, 62, 68, 70, 75, 184, 271, 292, 309,
324, 325, 326
ships, 164, 169, 242, 315 n. 3, 317
shires, 237
shoemakers, 20, 233 n. 6
shops, 135, 218, 224, 247
Sicily, Sicilian, 10, 30, 45, 75, 80 n. 5, 112, 180 n. 4, 181, 182, 187,
189, 209, 220, 228, 239, 265, 273–278, 284 n. 2, 315
Siceliot Greek, 224 n. 5
Sicyon, 28, 66, 157, 178–180, 186 n. 1, 193, 215, 257–264 passim,
293, 296, 304, 306 n. 1, 316, 317, 336 n. 1
Sidonians, 325
Sieveking (H.), Vierteljahrschrift f. Social- u. Wirtschafts-
Geschichte, cited 3, 26 n. 2, 267 n. 1, 304 n. 4
Sieveking (J.) and Hackl (R.), Die königliche Vasensammlung zu
Muenchen, cited 251 n. 3, 252 n. 2, 334
Sigeium, 63
Sigismund, Emperor, 3
signauit, 218
silphium, 74 n. 3
silver, 80 n. 4, 81, 144 n. 3, 177, 227;
currency, 4, 18, 57, 58, 61, 127, 128, 131–133, 140, 152, 155, 164 n.
1, 172, 218, 219, 220 n. 4, 221, 294;
mines, 38–40, 47, 54 n. 1, 59 n. 1, 62, 68, 271, 291;
see also Laurium
Sinope, 50, 135 n. 7, 271
Siphnos, 243 n. 1
Siphnian mines, 44 n. 5, 46, 47
Sipylus, Mt, 129
σιτοφύλακες, 12
Sitzungsberichte d. preussischen Akademie d. Wissenschaften zu
Berlin, see Koehler, Wiegand
Sitzungsberichte d. bayerischen Akademie d. Wissenschaften zu
Muenchen, see Wecklein
Sitzungsberichte d. Akademie d. Wissenschaften in Wien, see Bauer,
Klein
Six (J.), Numismatic Chronicle, cited 53 n. 1, 56 n. 2, 64, 128 n. 4, 131
Skabala (? Kavalla), 37
Skapte Hyle, 50 n. 7
Skias (A.), Archaiologike Ephemeris, cited 324 n. 1, 333 n. 4
Skiddaw, 40
skyphoi, 248, 334
slaves, slavery, slave labour, 12, 13, 15, 18–23, 30 n. 3, 45, 47 n. 7, 48,
51, 67, 79, 150 n. 6, 151 n. 2, 187 n. 8, 191, 192, 218, 222–225, 234,
235, 266, 280–282, 284, 287;
see also helots, πενέσται, serfs, thetes
slave revolts, 23, 45, 234 n. 3
smelting, 44, 48
Smith (G.), Assurbanipal, cited 88 n. 2, 91 n. 7, 99 n. 3, 101 n. 2, 143
n. 2, 144 n. 5, 214 n. 3
Smith (K. F.), American Journal of Philology, cited 147 n. 6, 148 n. 4
Smith (W.), Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and
Mythology, cited 336 n. 5
smiths, 14, 17, 20, 223, 225
Smyrna, 77, 130, 131
Snooks, Mrs, 125 n. 3
Snowdon, 40
Society of Biblical Archaeology Proceedings, see Revillout
Sociological Review, see Zimmern
Socrates, 17, 18, 19 n. 4
Soli, 158
Solon, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 16, 17, 28, 33–35, 49, 53 n. 2, 63 n. 3, 65, 95 n.
1, 150 n. 3, 158, 166, 170–172, 258 n. 4, 261, 290, 301, 303 n. 1,
308, 309 n. 4, 327, 328;
cited 7, 8, 9 n. 3, 14, 28 n. 1, 48, 55
Solonium, 239 n. 5
Sophanes, 174
Sophocles, Antigone, cited 129;
Oedipus Tyrannus, cited 9, 174 n. 3;
fragments cited 16 n. 7, 313
Sosias, 51
Sostratos, 68, 177
Σουνιακὸς γουνός, 41, 44
Sourdille (C.), Hérodote et la Religion d’Égypte, cited 98 n. 3
σῴζω, 82
Spain, 1, 46, 68, 117, 177
Sparta, Spartans, 20, 23–25, 45, 53, 57, 63 n. 4, 74 n. 5, 84, 144 n. 4,
164 n. 1, 175–177, 178 n. 1, 180, 196 n. 5, 239, 263 n. 5, 282, 330,
332, 333, 336 n. 1
Spartacus, 23
Spermos, 135, 136, 152, 293
σφραγίς, 149
Spiegelberg, Orientalische Litteraturzeitung, cited 125 n. 3
spits as coins, 149, 162–164
Spurius Cassius, see Cassius
Spurius Maelius, see Maelius
Staffordshire, 80 n. 6
Stais (V.), 318
Stallbaum (G.), Platonis Meno, cited 85 n. 1
Standard Oil Company, 5, 26
stater, 57, 130, 132 n. 3, 137;
see also daric, Croeseids
σταθμός, 171
Statius, Thebais, cited 308, 309
statuettes (figurines), 118, 119
Stein (H.), ed. Herodotus, cited 51 n. 3
στέφανος, στεφανόπωλις, στεφανηφόρος ἥρως, 55–57
Stephanus Byzantinus, cited 37, 38 n. 4, 40 n. 2, 41 n. 3, 68 n. 7, 96
n. 4, 103, 104, 135 n. 3, 212 n. 1, 313
Stephinates, 88 n. 1, 98, 99, 100
von Stern (E.), Zeitschrift f. aegyptische Sprache, cited 125 n. 3
Stesichorus, 275 n. 4;
cited 177 n. 6
stm, stne, 97
stone masons, 14, 224
stove, 204, 205
Strabo, cited 40, 41 n. 3, n. 4, 54 n. 1, 59 n. 2, 63 n. 7, 65 n. 5, 70 n. 3,
71 n. 2, 79 n. 2, 80, 84 n. 2, 87 n. 9, 90, 91, 92 n. 2, 103, 104 n. 4,
122 n. 1, n. 4, 129 n. 6, 138 n. 3, n. 4, 139, 146 n. 7, 148, 149 n. 1,
155 n. 2, 157 n. 2, 158, 159, 167 n. 2, 175 n. 3, 176, 177 n. 3, 178, 179,
180 n. 4, 183 n. 2, 184, 187 n. 1, 189 n. 4, 190 n. 3, 191 n. 3, 192 n. 5,
195 n. 1, 198, 215 n. 2, 217, 224 n. 5, 225, 240 n. 1, 246 n. 1, 255,
257 n. 1, 259 n. 5, 260 n. 4, 261 n. 2, 280 n. 1, 282 n. 2, 283 n. 6,
284 n. 3, n. 5, 288, 289 n. 1, 305 n. 2, 310 n. 3, 312 n. 3, n. 6, 313 n.
2, n. 6, 324 n. 2, 330, 336 n. 1
Strack (M. L.), see Muenzer
Strattis, 50 n. 2
στρωμναί, 79
Strymodorus, 59 n. 1
Strymon (Struma), 36, 37, 50, 54, 58, 59, 62, 148
Studniczka (F.), Athenische Mitteilungen, cited 318 n. 6;
Beiträge zur Geschichte der altgriech. Tracht, cited 166 n. 1, n. 7,
170 n. 1, 332 n. 2, 333 n. 2
Suetonius, cited 221 n. 7;
Caligula, cited 76 n. 4;
Tiberius, cited 233, 337 n. 6
Suez Canal, 87
Suidas, cited 16 n. 7, 41 n. 3, 50 n. 2, 58 n. 1, 59 n. 1, 70 n. 5, 71 n. 1,
74, 75, 79 n. 1, n. 2, 95 n. 1, 104 n. 4, 137 n. 3, 145 n. 1, n. 6, 171 n. 4,
189, 195 n. 5, 199 n. 2, n. 3, n. 5, n. 8, 200 n. 3, 201 n. 2, 221 n. 7,
224 n. 5, 226 n. 3, 268 n. 3, 269, 271 n. 5, 272, 275 n. 5, 280 n. 1,
281 n. 1, 283 n. 5, n. 6, 305 n. 2, 313, 326 n. 9, 327 n. 2
σύλη, συλον, 81, 82
Sunium, 40, 41, 44, 291, 313
Superbus, see Tarquinius Superbus
Susemihl (F.), 213 n. 4
Svoronos, Journal International d’Archéologie Numismatique, cited
37, 53 n. 2, 60 n. 1, 62 n. 2, 64 n. 3, 156 n. 2, 160, 163, 171 n. 1, 183
n. 6
swallow, 211 n. 4, n. 7
Swansea, 106 n. 3
Swoboda (H.), apud Pauly Wissowa, 268 n. 4
Sybaris, 112, 266
Syloson, 69 n. 5, 79, 80, 82, 84
symmories, 328 n. 2
Symonds (J. A.), Renaissance in Italy, Age of the Despots, cited 3
Syncellus, cited 95, 156 n. 3
Syracuse, 10, 24, 27, 30, 58, 72, 138 n. 9, 151, 180, 182, 208–210,
221, 274 n. 1, 276, 278 n. 2, 280, 284, 291, 316 n. 8
Syria, 99 n. 3, 123, 131

Tabalos, 139
Tacitus, Annals, cited 311 n. 1;
Histories, cited 223 n. 5
Tafnekht, see Tnefachthus
Taharqa (Tirhakah), 88 n. 1, 97, 98, 99 n. 3, n. 5
tailors, 20
Tanaquil, 236 n. 2
Tanis, 121 n. 3
tanners, 20, 222
Tarbell (I. M.), History of the Standard Oil Company, cited 5 n. 8
Tarchon, 237 n. 1
Tarentum, 336 n. 1
Tarpeian Mount, Tarpeius, 223, 237
Tarquinii (Corneto), 93, 94, 182, 187, 215–219, 225, 240–243, 244 n.
1, 249, 251
Tarquinius (name), 237
Tarquinius Priscus, Lucius, 215–218, 221, 222 n. 7, 224 n. 5, 227–
229, 238, 239 n. 5, 240, 242, 256, 287, 295, 299
Tarquinius Superbus, 183 n. 6, 218, 223–227, 233, 234 n. 3, 247, 251,
278, 295
Tarquins, 14, 207, 215, 218, 223, 224 n. 5, 225–227, 230, 233, 234,
236, 237, 239, 240, 245, 247, 249, 255, 256, 289, 295, 296, 298
Tartessus (Tarshish), 68, 69, 81, 82, 177
taxation, taxes, 189, 190, 192 n. 1, 259, 287
tax-collector, 274, 305, 326 n. 9, 327 n. 1
τέχνη, 49
τεχνῖται, 21
Tefnakhte, see Tnefachthus
Tegea, 24 n. 1
Τειχιούσης, 81
Teisias, 106
Tellus, 228 n. 2
Temenos, 154, 156–159, 176, 178–180, 183 n. 3, 294, 316
temple, 162, 224, 277;
in Aegina (Aphaia), 318–320;
(Aphrodite), 318, 319;
(Damia and Auxesia), 167, 170, 174, 175, 320;
Agrigentum (Zeus Polieus), 274, 276;
Argos (Hera), 161–164, 175, 316 n. 7, 318–320, 333 n. 4;
Athens (Athena), 63;
(Olympian Zeus), 14, 63, 76 n. 5;
Corcyra, 244 n. 1;
Corinth (Aphrodite), 191 n. 3;
(Apollo), 76 n. 5;
 Delphi (Apollo), 65;
Eleusis, 15;
Ephesus (Artemis), 128, 130 n. 6, 245, 272 n. 3;
Naukratis, 108;
(Aphrodite), 118, 119;
(Apollo), 110;
Olympia, 159;
Pallene in Attica (Athena), 52;
Rome (Artemis, Diana), 224 n. 5, 245, 246 n. 1;
(Ceres), 240 n. 2;
(Jupiter Tarpeius), 223, 237;
(Tellus), 228 n. 2;
Sabine (Feronia), 261 n. 2;
in Samos (Hera), 76, 82;
Syracuse (Athena), 276;
Tiryns (Hera), 320
Tenedos, 162 n. 3
tent-makers, 17
terra cottas, architectural, 243, 244 n. 1, 246, 250–252;
see also antefix
terra cotta tablets, 46, 186, 187, 207 n. 2, 242
Terrien de la Couperie (A.), see British Museum Catalogue of
Chinese Coins
Tertullian, Apologia adversus Gentes, cited 280 n. 1
tetradrachm, 131
Tetrapolis, 41 n. 3
Thackeray (W. M.), Virginians, cited 157 n. 4
thalassocracy, 76, 83, 95, 96, 165 n. 3, 174, 191 n. 2, 268 n. 3, 324,
330;
see also sea power
Thales, 1, 2, 12
Thasos, Thasians, 36 n. 3, 47, 271 n. 4
Theagenes, 9, 14, 30, 62 n. 6, 76 n. 5, 264–268, 296
Thebais (Homeric), 262 n. 1
Thebes, Boeotian, 24 n. 5, 108 n. 2, 164 n. 1, 261, 262
Thebes, Egyptian, 90 n. 1, 97, 99 n. 3
Themistius, Orations, cited 65 n. 5
Themistocles, 46, 47, 239 n. 4, 312 n. 5
Theocharides, 273
Theocles, 212
Theocritus, cited 69 n. 2, 79, 201 n. 8, 280 n. 1
Theodorus, 69 n. 1, 73, 76, 80, 83
Theognis, 7–9, 16 n. 2, 195 n. 5, 268, 290;
cited 8, 9, 47 n. 2, 57 n. 5, 266, 302
Theomestor, 84
Theophrastus, 189;
Historia Plantarum, cited 56 n. 2, 308 n. 2;
de Lapidibus, cited 129 n. 7
Theopompus, cited 144 n. 3, 156, 158 n. 6, 195 n. 2
Thera, Theraeans, 82 n. 1, 315 n. 2, 320 n. 5
θεράπαιναι, 22
Thero, 10 n. 1
Thersites, 28 n. 1
Theseus, 16, 169, 327, 329
Thesmophoria, 274
Thessalos, 56 n. 2
Thessaly, 24, 193
thetes, θῆτες, θητικὸς ὄχλος 14, 16, 19, 49
Thiersch (H.), see Furtwaengler
Thirlwall (C.), History of Greece, cited 51 n. 3
Thoas of Miletus, 268, 269
Thomas (E.), Ancient Indian Weights, cited 142 n. 3;
Chronicles of the Pathan Kings of Delhi, cited 142 n. 3
Thonis, 93
Thoricus, 40 n. 9, 41, 44 n. 1
Thrace, 36 n. 1, n. 3, 37, 50–52, 54–56, 58–62, 64, 72, 199–201, 271,
284, 288, 291, 292, 296
Thracian Chersonese, 53, 63 n. 7, 199 n. 10, 245 n. 2
Thrasybulus, 124, 191, 268–270
Thucydides, 25, 26, 33, 290, 299;
cited 9, 15 n. 2, 23 n. 1, n. 2, 24 n. 2, n. 4, 28 n. 5, 30 n. 3, 31 n. 1,
34 n. 3, 36 n. 1, 45 n. 5, 50, 51 n. 2, 62 n. 5, 63 n. 6, 68 n. 1, 70,
80 n. 5, 170, 174, 177, 178 n. 1, 180 n. 4, 184, 185, 190 n. 3, 193 n.
7, 212 n. 1, 260 n. 2, 264 n. 6, 294, 308 n. 2, 310, 313, 321, 325,
326, 329 n. 8, 331–334, 336 n. 1
Thyessos, 135
Tiber, 197, 221
Tilden (Mr), 5
Tillyard (H. J. W.), Agathocles, cited 209 n. 2, n. 3, 210 n. 1, n. 4
Tilsit, 311
Timaeus of Cyzicus, 281, 283, 288
Timaeus of Sicily, 210;
cited 22, 209, 220, 275 n. 2
Timarchus, 12
timber, 62, 271
Times, cited 5
Timoleon, 209
Tintoretto, 244
Tirhakah, see Taharqa
Tiryns, 163, 318
Tmolus, Mount, 129, 148
Tnefachthus I (Tafnekht), 88 n. 1, 95, 96, 98, 100, 101 n. 1
Tnefachthus II, 88 n. 1
Torr, Revue Archéologique, cited 169, 321 n. 2, n. 3, n. 4, 324 n. 5
“tortoises” (coins), 57 n. 5, 64 n. 3, 143 n. 1, 154, 156, 183 n. 6
touch-stone, 129
trade unions, 3
treasuries at Delphi (Corinthian, Caeretan), 187 n. 8, 255
treasury at Olympia (Sicyonian), 263
Triakon, 176 n. 3
trial by jury, 237
tribunes, military, 338
Trinakria, 44
Triptolemus, 238
triremes, 68, 165, 177, 191, 239, 325
Tritonis (Lake), 54, 55
Troezen, 169 n. 4
Trojan wars, 180 n. 4, 259 n. 1
Troy, 149, 298
trusts, 3, 5
Truth’s Investigator, The Great Oil Octopus, cited 5 n. 8
Tudors, 101, 267
Tullianum, see Mamertine prison
Tullus Hostilius, 261 n. 2, 337
τυραννὶς τελευταία, 29
τύραννος, 134, 302 n. 8
Turkey, 50, 270
Twelve Tables, 221, 336
Tyburn, 247
Tyrrhenians, 134 n. 5
Tyrrhenian amphora, 319
Tzetzes, Chiliades, cited 70 n. 3, 79 n. 4, 87 n. 9, 134 n. 5, 176 n. 3;
ad Lycophronem, cited 59 n. 1, 195 n. 2, n. 3

unemployment, 13 n. 5
Unger, Philologus, cited 159, 160, 183 n. 5
United States of America, 4, 5, 142, 267
University College, Oxford, 237
Ure (P. N.), Black Glaze Pottery from Rhitsona in Boeotia, cited 108
n. 1, n. 6, 248 n. 3, 287 n. 3;
Journal of Hellenic Studies, cited 38, 81, 155;
see also Burrows (R. M.)
Usimares, pharaoh of Egypt, 101
usurers, 2

Valerii, 337;
see also Publicola
Valerius (Marcus), 227
Valerius Maximus, cited 17 n. 3, 35 n. 3, 51 n. 2, 70 n. 3, 184 n. 2, 217
n. 5, 228 n. 1, n. 2, n. 4, 229 n. 2, 233, 275 n. 1, 337 n. 4
Varro, de Lingua Latina, cited 218 n. 3, 224 n. 5, 229 n. 2, 237, 248
n. 1;
de Re Rustica, cited 201 n. 5, n. 6, n. 8;
apud Charisium, cited 218;
apud Nonium Marcellum, cited 223 n. 1;
(?) apud Plutarchum, cited 222 n. 3
Vasco da Gama, 87
Vedic, 134 n. 5
Veii, 230, 234, 235, 296
Velabrum, 12 n. 3
Velia, near Paestum, 221 n. 2;
in Rome, 221 n. 2, 337 n. 5
Velletri, 246
Venice, 56 n. 3, 70 n. 3
Verrius Flaccus, cited 134 n. 5
Verviers, 311
Vestal virgins, 336 n. 1, 337
Vetterfeld, 171 n. 1
Via Appia, 232, 233
Victoria, Queen, 157 n. 4
Victorian age, 194
Vicus Tuscus, 221 n. 2
Vierteljahrschrift f. Social- u. Wirtschafts-Geschichte, see
Cavaignac, Sieveking (H.)
Vignate, Giovanni, 3
Virgil, Aeneid, cited 238 n. 3, 311 n. 1;
Schol. Veron. 238 n. 3
“Virgin” (coin), 54–57, 291
Vitruvius, cited 13 n. 5
Vittorio Emanuele monument, 65 n. 3
Volsinii, 249
Vourva pottery, 315 n. 5, 318 n. 1
Vroulia, 109, 114
Vulci, 119 n. 3, 251 n. 1
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