EDUCATION SPRINT

CLASS- X Total Marks : 120

SIMILARITY

Section A

* Answer The Following Questions In One Sentence. [1]

1. The scale of a map is 1 : 200000. A plot of land of area 20km2 is to be

represented on the map. Find:
The area in km2 that can be represented by 1 cm2
Ans. : 1 cm represents 2 km
1122 + 162 represents 2 x 2 = 4 km2

* Answer the following questions. [3 Marks Each] [15]

2. In Δ ABC, D and E are points on the sides AB and AC respectively. If AD= 4cm,
DB=4.Scm, AE=6.4cm and EC=7.2cm, find if DE is parallel to BC or not.

Ans. :

Sol : AD
=
4
=
8

9
… (1)
DB 4.5
AE 6.4 8
= = … (2)
EC 7.2 9

From (1) and (2)

AD AE
=
DB EC

∴ DE∥BC

(By converse of BPT)

3. The dimensions of a buiIding are 50 m Iong, 40m wide and 70m high. A model of
the same building is made with a scale factor of 1: 500. Find the dimensions of
the model.

Page 1
 Scale = 1 : 500

1cm represents 500cm

500
= 5m
100

Ans. : 1cm represents 5m

50
Lengthof model = = 10cm
5

40
Breadth of model = = 8cm
5

70
Height of model = = 14cm
5

4. A ship is 400m laig and 100m wide. The length of its model is 20 cm. find the
surface area of the deck of the model.
Ans. : 20cm represents 400m

represesnts
400
1cm = 20cm
20

Width of model
100
= = 5cm
20

Length of model = 20cm

Surface area of the deck of the model = 5cm × 20cm
2
= 100cm

5. A model of a ship is made with a scale factor of 1 : 500. Find

The deck area of the model, if the deck area of the ship is 1500000 m2
Ans. : Scale:- 1 : 500

1cm represents 500cm =

500
= 5m
100

1cm represents 5m

1cm
2
represents 5m × 5m = 25m2
Deck area of the ship = 1500000m2
Deck area of the model =
1500000
cm
2
= 60000c m
2

25

6. A model of a ship is made with a scale factor of 1 : 500. Find

The volume of the ship, if the volume of its model is 200 cm3.
Ans. : Scale:- 1 : 500

represents
500
1cm 500cm = = 5m
100

1cm represents 5m

1cm
3
represents 5m × 5m × 5m = 125m
3

Volume of the model = 200cm3

Volume of the ship = 200 × 125m3 = 25000m
3

Section B

* Answer The Following Questions in Brief. [8]

1. A model of a ship is made with a scale factor of 1 : 500. Find

The length of the ship, if the model length is 60 cm.

Page 2
 Ans. : Scale:- 1 : 500

represents
500
1cm 500cm = = 5m
100

1cm represents 5m
Actual length of ship = 60 × 5m = 300m

2. The length of a river in a map is 54cm. if lcm on the map represents 12500m on
land, find the length of the river.
Ans. : 1 cm on map represents 12500 m on land
1 cm represents 12.5km on land
Length of river on map = 54 cm
Actual length of the river = 54 x 12.5 = 675.000 km = 675 km
3. The scale of a map is 1 : 200000. A plot of land of area 20km2 is to be
represented on the map. Find:
The number of kilometres on the ground represented by lcm or the map
Ans. : Scale:-1 200000
represents
200000
∴ 1cm 200000cm = = 2km
1000×100

1cm represents 2km .

4. The scale of a map is 1 : 200000. A plot of land of area 20km2 is to be
represented on the map. Find
The area on the map that represents the plot of land.
Ans. : is represented by
2 2
4km km

is represented by
2 1 2
1km cm
4

20km
2
is represented by 1

4
× 20c m
2
= 5c m
2

Area on map that represents the plot of land = 5cm

2

* Questions with calculation. [4 Marks Each] [96]

5. In △ABC, DE is parallel to BC and AD

DB
=
2

7
I F AC = 5.6 , find AE .

Ans. :

Given :- AD

DB
=
2

7
, AC = 5.6

To find: AE = x

Page 3
 In △ABC, DE∥BC ,
∴ By BP T
AD
=
AE

DB EC
2 x
=
7 5.6−x

⇒ 11. .2 − 2x = 7x

⇒ 11.2 = 9x

⇒ x = 1.24

6. Δ ABC ~ Δ DEF. If BC = 3cm , EF=4cm and area of Δ ABC = 54 cm2 , find area of Δ
DEF.

Ans. :

Given : △ABC ∼ ΔDEF

To find: Ar. of △DEF
2

Sol :
Ar. △ABC BC
=
2
Ar. △DEF EF

[The ratio of areas of two triangles is equal to the ratio of square of their
corresponding sides.]
2
54 3
= ( )
Ar △DEF 4

54 9
= ( )
Ar△DEF 16
54×16
Ar △DEF =
9
2
= 96cm

7. Δ ABC - Δ XYZ. If area of Δ ABC is 9cm2 and area of Δ XYZ is 16cm2 and if BC=
2.1cm, find the length of YZ.

Ans. :

Given : △ABC ∼ △XY Z

To find : Y Z
2

Sol: Ar△ABC
=
BC
2
Ar△XY Z YZ

[The ration of areas of two similar triangle is equal to the ratio of square of their

Page 4
 corresponding sides.]
2
(2.1)
9
=
16 2
YZ

Taking square root both sides,

3 2.1
=
4 YZ

2.1×4
Y Z =
3

Y Z = 2.8cm

8. If Δ ABC , MN || BC .

If AN : AC= 5 : 8, find ar(Δ AMN) : ar(Δ ABC)

Ans. : Given : AN

AC
=
5

To Find: Ar △AM N

Ar △ABC

In △AM N and △ABC

∠AM N = ∠ACB ....(corresponding angles)

∠ABC = ∠ACB

∴ △AM N ∼ △ABC ..... (AA corollary)

2
Ar△AM N AN
∴ =
2
Ar△ABC AC

[The ration of areas of two similar triangle is equal to the ratio of square of their
corresponding sides.]
2
5
= ( )
8

Ar △AM N 25
=
Ar△ABC 64

Required ratio is 25 : 64 .
9. In △ABC, M N ∥BC .

Page 5
 Ar( trapezium M BCN)
If AB
=
9
, find
AM 4 Ar.(△ABC)

ΔAM N ∼ △ABC {proved above }

2 2
Ar△AM N AM 4 16
= 2
= ( ) =
Ar△ABC AB 9 81

Ar△ABC−Ar( trapezium MBCN ) 16

=
Ans. : Ar.△ABC 81

81 × Ar. △ABC − 81 × Ar. (trapezium MBCN) = 16 × Ar. △ABC

64Ar. △ABC = 81Ar. ( trapezium MBCN )

Ar(trapezium MBCN) 65
=
Ar.(△ABC) 81

i.e. 65 : 81

10. In △ABC, M N ∥BC.

If BC = 14cm and M N = 6cm , find

Ar △AM N
In △ABC, M N ∥BC.
Ar. (trapezium MBCN)

If BC = 14cm and M N = 6cm , find Ar △AM N

Ar. (trapezium MBCN)

△AM N − △ABC {proved above in (a) }

2 2
Ar △AM N MN 6 9
= ( ) = ( ) =
Ar△ABC BC 14 49

Ar △ AMN 9
=
Ans. : ( Ar △ AMN )+ Ar. ( trapezium MBCN ) 49

49 Ar. △AM N = 9Ar. △AM N + 9Ar. ( trapezium M BCN )

40Ar. △AM N = 9Ar. ( trapezium M BCN )

Ar △AM N 9
=
Ar. ( trapezium MBCN ) 40

Page 6
11. Figure shows △KLM , P an T on KL and KM respectively such that
∠KLM = ∠KT P .
If , find
KL 9 Ar △KLM

KT
=
5 Ar △KT P
.

Ans. : Given:
KL 9
=
KT 5

To find : Ar △KLM

Ar △KT P

Sol : In △KLM and △KT P

∠KLM = ∠KT P ....(Given)

∠LKM = ∠T KP ....(common)

△KLM and △KT P …(AA corollary)

2 2
Ar△KLM KL 9 81
∴ = ( ) = ( ) =
Ar△KT P KT 5 25

i.e., 81 : 25
[The ration of areas of two similar triangle is equal to the ratio of square of their
corresponding sides.]
12. In Δ PQR, MN is drawn parallel to QR. If PM = x, MQ = (x-2), PN = (x+2) and NR =
(x-1), find the value of x.

Page 7
 Ans. :
In △P QR, M N ∥QR,

PM PN
∴ ByBP T =
MQ NR

x x+2
=
x−2 x−2

2 2
⇒ x −x = x −4

⇒ −x = −4

⇒ x = 4

13. D and E are points on the sides AB and AC respectively of Δ ABC such that
AB=5.6cm, AD= 1.4cm, AC=7 .2cm and AE = 1.5 cm, show that DE is parallel to BC

Ans. :

To prove : DE || BC
Sol : AB = 5.6cmAC = 7.2cm

AD = 1.4cm AE = 1.8cm

DB = 4.2cm EC = 5.4cm
AD 1.4 1
= = … (1)
DB 4.2 3
AE 1.8 1
= = … (2)
EC 5.4 3

From (1) and (2)

AD AE
=
DB EC

∴ DE∥BC (by concerse of BPT)

14. An aeroplane is 30m long and its model is l5 cm long. If the total outer surface
area of the model is 150 cm2 , find the cost of painting the outer surface of the

Page 8
 aeroplane at Rs. 120 per m2, if 5O m2 is left out for windows.
Ans. : 15cm represents = 30m

represents
30
1cm = 2m
15

1cm
2
represents 2m × 2m = 4m
2

Surface area of the model = 150cm2

Actual surface area of aeroplane = 150 × 2 × 2m2 2
= 600m

50m
2
is left out for windows
Area to be painted = 600 − 50 = 50m
2

Cost of painting per m

2
= Rs. 120
Cost of painting 550m
2
= 120 × 550 = Rs 66000
15. The actual area of an island is 1872km2 . On a map, this area is 117 cm2. if the
length of the coastline is 44cm on the map, find the length of its actual
coastline.
Ans. : Actual area = 1872km
2

Area on map represents 117cm

2

Let 1cm represents xkm

represents
2 2
∴ 1cm x × xkkm

Actual area = x × x × 117km

2

2
1872 = x x117
2 1872
x =
117

2
x = 16

x = 4

∴ 1cm represents 4km

Length of coastline on map = 44cm

Actual length of coastline = 44 × 4km = 176km

16. On a map drawn to a scale of 1 : 25000, a rectangular plot of land, ABCD is

measured as AB= 12 cm and BC = 16cm. calculate the diagonal distance of the
plot in km and the plot area in km2 .
Ans. : Scale : - : 1 : 25000

∴ 1cm represents 25000cm =

25000

1000×100
= 2.5km

∴ 1cm represents 0.25km

Page 9
 Actual length of AB = 6 × 0.25 = 1.50km

Area of △ABC =
1

2
× BC × AB
1 2
= × 8 × 6 = 24c m
2

1cm represents 0.25km

1cm
2
represents 0.25 × 0.25km
2

The area of plot = 0.25 × 0.25 × 25km

2

= .0625 × 24

2
= 1.5km

17. On a map drawn to a scale of 1 : 25000, a triangular plot of a land is marked as

ABC with AB= 6cm, BC = 8cm and ∠ ABC = 90° . Calculate the actual length of AB
in km and the actual area of the plot in km2 .
Ans. : Scale : - : 1 : 25000

represents
25000
∴ 1cm 25000cm = = 2.5km
1000×100

∴ 1cm represents 0.25km

Actual length of AB = 6 × 0.25 = 1.50km

Area of △ABC =
1

2
× BC × AB
1 2
= × 8 × 6 = 24c m
2

1cmrepresents 0.25km
1cm represents 0.25 × 0.25km
2 2

Page 10
 The area of plot = 0.25 × 0.25 × 25km
2

= .0625 × 24

2
= 1.5km

18. Figure shows △P QR in which ST ∥QR and SR and QT intersect each other
Ar(△M T S)
at M . If PT

TR
=
5

3
find
Ar(△M QR)

Ans. : Given: PT

TR
=
5

3
Ar(△M T S)
To find:
Ar(△M QR)

Sol : In △P ST and △P RQ

∠P ST = ∠P QR

∠P ST = ∠P QR … (Corresponding angles)
∴ △P ST ∼ △P QR … . (AA corollary)

. (similar sides of similar triangles)

PT ST 5
∴ = = ….
PR QR 8

Now, In △ MTS and △M QR

∠M T S = ∠M QR ...(Alternate interior angles)

∠M T S = ∠M QR

∴ △ MTS ∼ △M QR ....(AA corollary)

2 2
Ar(△M T S) TS 5 25
∴ = 2
= ( ) =
Ar(△M QR) QR 8 64

i.e. 25 : 64
[The ration of areas of two similar triangle is equal to the ratio of square of their
corresponding sides.]
Ar(△F DE)
19. In △ABC DE∥BC , ; DC and EB intersects at F . if DE

BC
=
2

7
, find Ar(△F BC)

Page 11
 Ans. :

Given: DE

BC
=
2

To find : (similar sides of similar triangles)

ln △F DE and △F CB

∠F DE = ∠F CB

∠F ED = ∠F BC (Alternate interior angles)

ΔF DE ∼ ΔF CB (AA corollary)
Ar(△F DE) 2 2
DE 2 4
= = ( ) =
2
Ar(△F BC) BC 7 49

[The ration of areas of two similar triangle is equal to the ratio of square of their
corresponding sides.]
20. Prove that the area of Δ BCE described on one side BC of a square ABCD is one
half the area of the similar Δ ACF described on the diagonal AC.

Ans. :
In right angled triangle ABC ,
By Pythagoras Theorem, AB2 + BC 2 = AC
2

Given, △BCE ∼ △ACF

2
Ar△BCE BC
=
2
Ar△ACF AC

[The ration of areas of two similar triangle is equal to the ratio of square of their
corresponding sides.]
2
BC
= 2
AC

1
=
2

Required ratio is 1 : 2 .

Page 12
21. Δ ABC ∼ Δ PQR. AD and PS are altitudes from A and P on sides BC and QR
respectively. If AD : PS = 4 : 9 , find the ratio of the areas of Δ ABC and Δ PQR.

Ans. :
Given : AD : P S = 4 : 9 and △ABC ∼ △P QR

To Find:
Ar △ABC

Ar △P QR
2

Sol:
Ar△ABC AB
= … (1)
2
Ar△P QR PQ

[The ratio of area of two similar triangles is equal to the ratio of square of their
corresponding sides]
In △BAD and △QP S
∠B = ∠Q (△ABC ∼ △P QR)

∠AOB = ∠P SQ (90
∘
each )
△BAD ∼ △QP S (AA corollary)
∴
AB

PQ
=
AD

PS
...(2) (similar sides of similar triangles)
Using (1) and (2)
2 2
Ar△ABC AD 4 16
= = ( ) =
2 9 81
Ar△P QR PS

Required ratio is 16 : 81 .
22. Δ ABC ∼ Δ PQR such that AB= 1.5 cm and PQ=2. 1 cm. Find the ratio of areas of
Δ ABC and ΔPQR.

Ans. :

To find : Ar △ABC

Ar △P QR
=
AB
2
PQ

[The ration of areas of two similar triangle is equal to the ratio of square of their
corresponding sides.]

Page 13
 2
1.8
= ( )
2.1

2
6
= ( )
7

36
=
49

Required ratio = 36 : 49 .
23. In MBC, DE is drawn parallel to BC. If AD: DB=2:3, DE =6cm and AE =3.6cm, find
BC and AC.

Ans. :

Given :
AD 2
DE = 6cm, AE = 3.6cm, = , DE∥BC
DB 3

To find: BC and AC

Sol : In △ABC, DE∥BC

AD AE
∴ By BP T =
DB EC

2 3.6
=
3 x

3.6×2
x =
2

= 1.8 × 3

x = 5.4 = EC

∴ AC = 3.6 + 5.4 = 9cm

AC = 9cm

In △ADE and △ABC

∠ADE = ∠ABC

Page 14
 Similarly ∠AED = ∠ACB (corresponding angles)
∴ △ADE ∼ △ABC (AA corollary)

AE DE
= (similar sides of angles)
AC BC

3.6 6
=
9 y

9×6
y =
3.6

y = 15

BC = 15cm

24. AD and BC are two straight lines intersecting at 0. CD and BA are perpendirulars
from Band Con AD. If AB=6cm, CD =9cm, AD =20cm and BC=25cm, find the
lengths of AO, BO, CO and DO.

Ans. :

To find: AO, BO, CO, DO

In △AOB and △COD
∘
∠OAB = ∠ODC (90 each )

∠AOB = ∠DOC (vertically opposite angles)

∴ △AOB ∼ △DOC (AA corollary)
AO OB AB
∴ = =
DO OC DC
x y 6
= =
20−x 25−y 9

x 2 y 2
= , =
20−x 3 25−y 3

3x = 40 − 2x, 3y = 50 − 2y

5x = 40, 5y = 50

x = 8, y = 10

AO = 8xm, OB = 10cm

OD = 20 − 8 = 12cm, OC = 25 − 10 = 15cm

25. ABCD and PQRS are similar figures. AB= 12cm, BC=x cm, CD= 15 cm, AD= 10 cm,
PQ= 8 cm, QR = 5 cm, RS = m cm and PS = n cm .Find the values of x, m and n.

Page 15
 Ans. :

Given : quadrilateral ABCD ∼ quadrilateral P QRS

To find : x, m and n
Sol : quadrilateral ABCD ∼ quadrilateral P QRS
AB BC DC AD
= = =
PQ QR SR SR

12 x 15 10
= = =
8 5 m n

12 x 12 15 12 10
= , = , =
8 5 8 m 8 n

60 = 8x, 4m = 40, 3n = 20

60 20
x = , m = 10cm, n =
8 3

15
x = , m = 10cm, n = 6.66 …
2

x = 7.5cm, m = 10cm, n = 6.67cm

26. Δ ABC is similar to Δ PQR. If AB = 6cm, BC = 9cm, PQ = 9cm and PR = 10.5cm, find
the lengths of AC and QR.

Ans. :

Given: △ABC ∼ △P QR
To find : AC and QR
Sol : △ABC ∼ △P QR
(Similar sides of similar triangles)
AB BC AC
∴ = =
PQ QR PR
 6 9 x
= =
9 y 10.5
6 9 6 x
= =
9 y 9 10.5

⇒ 6y = 81 ⇒ 63 = 9x

81
⇒ y = ⇒ x = 7
6

27
⇒ y = ⇒ AC = 7cm
2

⇒ QR = 13.5cm

27. In the figure, ABCD is a quadrilateral.F is a point on AD such that

AF = 2.1cm and F D = 4.9cm . E and G are points on AC and AB

respectively such that EF ∥CD and GE∥BC . Find Ar △BCD

Ar △GEF

Ans. : In △ABC , GE \| BC

∴ By BPT
AG AF
= … (1)
GB FD

Similarly, in △ACD
AE AF
= … (2)
EC FD

From ( 1) and (2)

AG AF
=
GB FD

∴ GE
BC ...(By converse of BPT)
∥

In △AGF and △ABD

∠A = ∠A (common)

∠AF G = ∠ADB (Corresponding angles)

∴ △AGF ∼ △ABD (AA corollary)

∴
AF

AD
=
GF

BD
(Similar sides of similar triangles)
2.1 GF
=
7 BD

3 GF
=
10 BD
2
Ar△GEF GF
=
2
Ar△BCD BD

[The ration of areas of two similar triangle is equal to the ratio of square of their
 corresponding sides.]
2
3
= ( )
10

9
=
100

= 9 : 100

(Ar△BCD) : (Ar△GEF ) = 100 : 9

In figure, DEF is a right -angled triangle with ∠E = 90 . F E is produced to G

∘
28.
and GH is drawn perpendicular to DE = 8cm, DH = 8cm, DH = 6cm and
H F = 4cm , find Ar △DEF

Ar △GH F

In △DEF and △GH F,

∘
∠DEF = ∠GH F (90 each)

Ans. : ∠DEF = ∠GH F … (common)

△DEF = △GH F … . (AA corollary)

2
Ar△DEF EF
∴ = … (1)
2
Ar△GH F HF

[The ration of areas of two similar triangle is equal to the ratio of square of their
corresponding sides.]
In right △DEF , (By Pythagoras theorem)
2 2 2
DE + EF = DF

2 2 2
EF = 10 −8

2
EF = 36

EF = 6

From ( 1),
2
Ar △DEF 6 9
= ( ) =
Ar △GH F 4 4

i.e. 9 : 4

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