SANDIP FOUNDATION’S

SANDIP POLYTECHNIC
AT MAHIRAVANI, TRIMBAK ROAD, NASHIK – 422 213
Approved by A.I.C.T.E. New Delhi, DTE Mumbai, & Affiliated to MSBTE Mumbai
Phone: (02594) 222 571/72/73/74/75 Website: www.sp.sandipfoundation.org

Program Name and Code: Computer Engineering ( CO) Academic Year : 2024-25

Course Name and Code: Operating System (22516) Semester : 5- I

A Micro Project Entitled

Linux Utilities

MICRO PROJECT REPORT

Submitted in Nov 2024 by the group of three students

Sr. No Roll No Full Name of Student Enrollment No Seat No

1 13 Kasturi Devaji Gangurde 2211670107 453818

2 31 Shruti Prashant Bhamare 2211670137 453838
3 43 Tanishka Nandu Zade 2211670151 453850

Name of Course Teacher

Prof. S . A . Mahajan

COMPUTER ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

SANDIP FOUNDATION’S
SANDIP POLYTECHNIC
AT MAHIRAVANI, TRIMBAK ROAD, NASHIK – 422 213
[2024-25]
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL
EDUCATION, MUMBAI

Certificate
This is to certify that Mr/MS: Kasturi Devaji Gangurde Roll No: 13 of FIFTH
SEMESTER of Diploma Program in Computer Engineering at Sandip Foundation’s,
Sandip Polytechnic, Nashik Institute Code: 1167 has completed the Micro Project
satisfactorily in Course Operating System (22516)” for the academic year 2024-
2025 as prescribed in the MSBTE curriculum of ‘I Scheme’.

Place: NASHIK Enrollment No: 2211670107

Date: / / 2024 Exam. Seat No: 453818

Course Teacher Head of the Department Principal

Seal

of

Institute
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL
EDUCATION, MUMBAI

Certificate
This is to certify that Mr/MS: Shruti Prashant Bhamare Roll No: 31 of FIFTH
SEMESTER of Diploma Program in Computer Engineering at Sandip Foundation’s,
Sandip Polytechnic, Nashik Institute Code: 1167 has completed the Micro Project
satisfactorily in Course Operating System (22516)” for the academic year 2024-
2025 as prescribed in the MSBTE curriculum of ‘I Scheme’.

Place: NASHIK Enrollment No: 2211670137

Date: / / 2024 Exam. Seat No: 453838

Course Teacher Head of the Department Principal

Seal

of

Institute
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL
EDUCATION, MUMBAI

Certificate
This is to certify that Mr/MS: Tanishka Nandu Zade Roll No: 43 of FIFTH
SEMESTER of Diploma Program in Computer Engineering at Sandip Foundation’s,
Sandip Polytechnic, Nashik Institute Code: 1167 has completed the Micro Project
satisfactorily in Course Operating System (22516)” for the academic year 2024-
2025 as prescribed in the MSBTE curriculum of ‘I Scheme’.

Place: NASHIK Enrollment No: 2211670151

Date: / / 2024 Exam. Seat No: 453850

Course Teacher Head of the Department Principal

Seal

of

Institute
 INDEX
Sr.
Title Page No
No
1 Annexure –I A

1.1 Brief Introduction

1.2 Aim of Micro Project

1.3 Action Plan

1.4 Resources Required

2 Annexure –II A

2.1 Brief Introduction

2.2 Aim of Micro Project

2.3 Course Outcome Integrated

2.4 Actual Procedure Followed

2.5 Actual Resources Used

2.6 Outputs of the Micro Project

2.7 Skill Developed or Learning Out of this Project

3 Annexure –IV

Evaluation as per suggested Rubric for Assessment of

3.1
Micro project.

3.2 Micro Project Evaluation Sheet

 Annexure- I
PART A- Plan
Format for Micro-Project Proposal
Linux Utilities
1.1 Brief Introduction
Linux utilities are command-line tools that perform various tasks in a Linux environment. They
are the foundation of Linux’s flexibility and versatility. Linux utilities are used to perform a wide
range of tasks, including file management, text processing, system administration and network
diagnostics. Linux utilities are executed on the Linux terminal, which is command line similar to the
command prompt in windows. commands in Linux are case-sensitives.

1.2 Aim of the Micro-Project

An operating system is basically a system program that control the execution of application
program and acts as an interface between application and the computer hardware. It manages the
computer system resources to be used in an efficient manner. This course enables one to learn the
internal functioning of operating system and will help in identifying appropriate operating system for
given application.
The Micro-Project aims at:-
1 Use operating system tools perform various functions.

2 Execute process command for performing process management operations.

3 Calculate the efficiency of different memory management techniques.

4 Apply scheduling algorithms to calculate turnaround time and average waiting time.

5 Apply file management technique.

1.3 Action Plan

 Name of
Sr. Planned Start Planned Finish
Details of Activity Responsible team
No. Date Date
member
Selection of topic through discuss with
1 All
group member and project guide.
Preparation of action plan for schedule
2 All
the project.
Gathering information regarding
3 All
micro-project topic.
Getting familiar with memory
4 All
management and their performance.
5 Micro-project proposal preparation. All
Micro-project proposal presentation
6 All
and gather information.
Studying static, Dynamic partition
7 paging, fragmentation with help of All
internet.
Concluded our comparison different
8 memory management technique on the All
basis of major criteria.
9 Preparation of microproject report All
10 Formulation of content All
11 Editing of content All
12 Prepare the micro-project format All
13 Set the data in correct order All
14 Set the Collecting data for formatting All
15 Check editing is correct All
16 Final submission of micro-project. All

1.4 Resources required

(major resources such as raw material, some machining facility, software):-
Sr.
Name of Resource/Material Specification Quantity Remark
No.
Processor i5 4GB RAM
1. Computer system 1 -
above
2. Operating system Ubuntu 1 -

3. Wikipedia Linux utilities 1 -

Annexure- II
PART B (Outcome after Execution)
Format for Micro Project Report
Linux Utilities

2.1 Brief Introduction:

Linux utilities are command-line tools that perform various tasks in a Linux environment.
They are the foundation of Linux’s flexibility and versatility. Linux utilities are used to perform a wide
range of tasks, including file management, text processing, system administration and network
diagnostics. Linux utilities are executed on the Linux terminal, which is command line similar to the
command prompt in windows. commands in Linux are case-sensitives.

2.2 Aim of Micro-Project:

An operating system is basically a system program that control the execution of application
program and acts as an interface between application and the computer hardware. It manages the
computer system resources to be used in an efficient manner. This course enables one to learn the
 internal functioning of operating system and will help in identifying appropriate operating system for
given application

2.3 Course Outcomes Achieved

a)understand the general architecture of computer.
b)understand and analysis theory and implement of command.
c)understand the high-level structure of the Linux kernel both in concept.
d)become familiar with ubuntu.
e)understand how to handle Linux operating system.

2.4 Actual procedure followed.

Write stepwise work was done, including which team members did what work and how the data was
analyzed (if any).

2.5 Actual Resources Used

(Mention the actual resources used)

Sr.
Name of Resource/Material Specification Quantity Remark
No.
Processor i5 4GB
1 Computer system 1 -
RAM above
2 Operating system Ubuntu 1 -
3 Wikipedia Linux utilities 1 -

2.6 Output of the micro-project

2.7 Skill developed or learning out of this project.

We able to run commands on Linux terminal and we also get knowledge about different Linux comman.
 Linux Directory Commands

1. pwd Command

The pwd command is used to display the location of the current working directory.
Sy ntax:
1. pwd

2. mkdir Command
The mkdir command is used to create a new directory under any directory.
 Syntax:
mkdir <directory

name> Output:

3. rmdir Command
The rmdir command is used to delete a directory.
Syntax:
1. rmdir <directory name>

Output:

4. cd Command

The cd command is used to change the current directory.

Syntax:
cd <directory name>

Output:

 Linux File commands

5. touch Command

The touch command is used to create empty files. We can create

multiple empty files by executing it once.
Syntax:
1. touch <file name>
2. touch <file1>

<file2> Output:
6.cat Command

The cat command is a multi-purpose utility in the Linux system. It can be

used to create a file, display content of the file, copy the content of one file to
another file, and more.
Syntax:

1. cat [OPTION]... [FILE]..

To create a file, execute it as follows:

1. cat > <file name>

2. // Enter file content

Press "CTRL+ D" keys to save the file. To display the content of the file, execute it as
follows:

1. cat <file name>

Output:

7. rm Command
The rm command is used to remove a file.
Syntax:

rm <file name>
 Output:

8. cp Command

The cp command is used to copy a file or directory.

Syntax:
To copy in the same directory:

1. cp <existing file name> <new file

name> To copy in a different directory:

Output:

9. mv Command

The mv command is used to move a file or a directory form one location to another
location.

Syntax:

1. mv <file name> <directory

path> Output:
 10.rename Command

The rename command is used to rename files. It is useful for renaming a large group
of files.
Syntax:

1. rename 's/old-name/new-name/' files

For example, to convert all the text files into pdf files, execute the below command:

1. rename 's/\.txt$/\.pdf/' *.txt

Output:

 Linux File Content Commands

11.head Command

The head command is used to display the content of a file. It displays the first 10 lines
of a file.

Syntax:

1. head <file name>

Output:

12. tail Command

The tail command is similar to the head command. The difference between
both commands is that it displays the last ten lines of the file content. It is
useful for reading the error message.
Syntax:

1. tail <file

name> Output:
13. tac Command

The tac command is the reverse of cat command, as its name specified. It
displays the file content in reverse order (from the last line).
Syntax:
1. tac <file

name> Output:

14. more command

The more command is quite similar to the cat command, as it is used to

display the file content in the same way that the cat command does. The only
difference between both commands is that, in case of larger files, the more
command displays screenful output at a time.

In more command, the following keys are used to scroll the page:

ENTER key: To scroll down page by line.

Space bar: To move to the next page.

b key: To move to the previous page.

 / key: To search the string.

Syntax:

1. more <file name>

Output:

15. less Command

The less command is similar to the more command. It also includes some
extra features such as 'adjustment in width and height of the terminal.'
Comparatively, the more command cuts the output in the width of the
terminal.
Syntax:

1. less <file name>

 lOMoARcPSD|24815077

Output:

 Linux User Commands

16.su Command

The su command provides administrative access to another user. In other

words, it allows access of the Linux shell to another user.
Syntax:
1. su <user

name> Output:

17.id Command

The id command is used to display the user ID (UID) and group ID (GID).

Syntax:

1. id
 lOMoARcPSD|24815077

Output:

18.useradd Command

The useradd command is used to add or remove a user on a Linux server.

Syntax:

1. useradd username

Output:

19.passwd Command

The passwd command is used to create and change the password for a user.
Syntax:

1. passwd

<username> Output:
 lOMoARcPSD|24815077

20.groupadd Command

The groupadd command is used to create a user group.

Syntax:

1. groupadd <group

name> Output:

 Linux Filter Commands

21. cat Command

The cat command is also used as a filter. To filter a file, it is used inside pipes.
Syntax:

1. cat <filename> | cat or tac | cat or tac |. . .

Output:
 lOMoARcPSD|24815077

22. cut Command

The cut command is used to select a specific column of a file. The '-d' option is
used as a delimiter, and it can be a space (' '), a slash (/), a hyphen (-), or
anything else. And, the '-f' option is used to specify a column number.
Syntax:

1. cut -d(delimiter) -f(columnNumber) <fileName>

Output:

23.grep Command

The grep is the most powerful and used filter in a Linux system. The 'grep'
stands for "global regular expression print." It is useful for searching the
content from a file. Generally, it is used with the pipe.
Syntax:

1. command | grep <searchWord>

 lOMoARcPSD|24815077

Output:

24.comm Command

The 'comm' command is used to compare two files or streams. By default, it

displays three columns, first displays non-matching items of the first file,
second indicates the non-matching item of the second file, and the third
column displays the matching items of both files.
Syntax:
1. comm <file1>

<file2> Output:

25.sed command

The sed command is also known as stream editor. It is used to edit files using
a regular expression. It does not permanently edit files; instead, the edited
content remains only on display. It does not affect the actual file.
 lOMoARcPSD|24815077

Syntax:

1. command | sed 's/<oldWord>/<newWord>/'

Output:

26.tee command

The tee command is quite similar to the cat command. The only difference
between both filters is that it puts standard input on standard output and also
write them into a file.
Syntax:
1. cat <fileName> | tee <newFile> | cat or tac |

Output:

27.tr Command

The tr command is used to translate the file content like from lower case to upper
case.
 lOMoARcPSD|24815077

Syntax:
1. command | tr <'old'>

<'new'> Output:

28.uniq Command

The uniq command is used to form a sorted list in which every word will occur
only once.
Syntax:

1. command <fileName> | uniq

Output:

Annexure-IV
TEACHER EVALUATION SHEET
 lOMoARcPSD|24815077

Name of student: Kasturi Devaji Gangurde Enrollment No. 2211670107

Name of Program: Computer Engineering Semester: FIFTH
Course Title: : OPERATING SYSTEM Code: 22516
Title of project: Linux Utilities
Course outcomes achieved:
Linux provides a powerful command-line interface compared to other operating systems such
as Windows and MacOS. We can do basic work and advanced work through its terminal. We
can do some basic tasks such as creating a file, deleting a file, moving a file, and more.

3.1 EVALUATION AS PER SUGGESTED RUBRIC FOR ASSESSMENT OF MICRO PROJECT.

Poor Average Good Excellent Sub

Sr.
Characteristics to be assessed (Mark: (Mark: (Mark: (Mark: Total
No.
01 to 03) 04 to 05) 06 to 08) 09 to 10)
(A) Process and Product Assessment (6 marks)
1 Relevance to the course
Literature survey or Information
2
collection
3 Project Proposal
Compilation of the target as per project
4
proposal.
5 Analysis of data and representation
6 Quality of prototype or Model
7 Report preparation
(B) Individual Presentation / Viva (4 marks)
8 Presentation
9 Viva

Annexure-IV
TEACHER EVALUATION SHEET

Name of student: Shruti Prashant Bhamare Enrollment No. 2211670137

 lOMoARcPSD|24815077

Name of Program: Computer Engineering Semester: FIFTH

Course Title: : OPERATING SYSTEM Code: 22516
Title of project: Linux Utilities
Course outcomes achieved:
Linux provides a powerful command-line interface compared to other operating systems such
as Windows and MacOS. We can do basic work and advanced work through its terminal. We
can do some basic tasks such as creating a file, deleting a file, moving a file, and more.

3.1 EVALUATION AS PER SUGGESTED RUBRIC FOR ASSESSMENT OF MICRO PROJECT.

Poor Average Good Excellent Sub

Sr.
Characteristics to be assessed (Mark: (Mark: (Mark: (Mark: Total
No.
01 to 03) 04 to 05) 06 to 08) 09 to 10)
(A) Process and Product Assessment (6 marks)
1 Relevance to the course
Literature survey or Information
2
collection
3 Project Proposal
Compilation of the target as per project
4
proposal.
5 Analysis of data and representation
6 Quality of prototype or Model
7 Report preparation
(B) Individual Presentation / Viva (4 marks)
8 Presentation
9 Viva
 lOMoARcPSD|24815077

Annexure- IV
TEACHER EVALUATION SHEET

Name of student: Tanishka Nandu Zade Enrollment No. 2211670151

Name of Program: Computer Engineering Semester: FIFTH
Course Title: : OPERATING SYSTEM Code: 22516
Title of project: Linux Utilities
Course outcomes achieved:
Linux provides a powerful command-line interface compared to other operating systems such
as Windows and MacOS. We can do basic work and advanced work through its terminal. We
can do some basic tasks such as creating a file, deleting a file, moving a file, and more.

3.1 EVALUATION AS PER SUGGESTED RUBRIC FOR ASSESSMENT OF MICRO PROJECT.

Poor Average Good Excellent Sub

Sr.
Characteristics to be assessed (Mark: (Mark: (Mark: (Mark: Total
No.
01 to 03) 04 to 05) 06 to 08) 09 to 10)
(C) Process and Product Assessment (6 marks)
1 Relevance to the course
Literature survey or Information
2
collection
3 Project Proposal
Compilation of the target as per project
4
proposal.
5 Analysis of data and representation
6 Quality of prototype or Model
7 Report preparation
(D)Individual Presentation / Viva (4 marks)
8 Presentation
9 Viva

3.2 MICRO PROJECT EVALUATION SHEET:-

 lOMoARcPSD|24815077

Process and Product Individual Total

Roll
Name of Student Assessment Presentation / Viva Marks
No.
(6 marks) (4 marks) 10
13 Kasturi Devaji Gangurde
31 Shruti Prashant Bhamare
43 Tanishka Nandu Zade

Comments or suggestion about team work/leadership/ inter-personal communication (if any)

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Any other comment

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Dated Signature

Name and designation of Teacher