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MIdTermQBank-OS

The document provides a comprehensive overview of operating systems, covering definitions, components, services, and scheduling algorithms. It explains key concepts such as processes, system calls, and user interfaces, as well as the differences between various types of scheduling methods. Additionally, it discusses error management, resource allocation, and the roles of the kernel and system programs.

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16 views6 pages

MIdTermQBank-OS

The document provides a comprehensive overview of operating systems, covering definitions, components, services, and scheduling algorithms. It explains key concepts such as processes, system calls, and user interfaces, as well as the differences between various types of scheduling methods. Additionally, it discusses error management, resource allocation, and the roles of the kernel and system programs.

Uploaded by

noreennazmrd123
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Q1\ Define Opera ng System

Q2\ The opera ng system acts as resource manager for: (list four items)
Q3\ How the opera ng system acts as control program.
An opera ng system (OS) acts as a "control program" by managing and alloca ng computer
resources, ensuring the smooth and efficient execu on of programs, and preven ng errors or
misuse of the system.
Q4\ List the Computer System Components with brief on each item.
Q6\ Define Kernel, system programs, and applica on programs.
Q7\ Explain the difference between the System Programs and Applica on Programs.
Q9\ A er loading, modern Opera ng Systems will _______________________________
A er a modern opera ng system load, it ini alizes itself, manages hardware and so ware
resources, loads device drivers, and presents a user interface (like a desktop) for interac on.
Q10\ Explain the difference between Hardware Interrupts and So ware Interrupts.
Q11\ Why it is not possible to make programs and data to reside in main memory permanently
(give two reasons)?
Q12\ Define caching
Q14\ Draw the diagram for Opera ng System Services

Q15\ List the opera ng System Services (For user and for system)
Q16\ Define Program execu on Service.
Program execu on services are func onali es provided by an opera ng system to facilitate the
running of computer programs by loading them into memory, scheduling execu on, providing
resources, and ensuring proper execu on and resource management.
Q17\ List Four resources that will be allocated by opera ng system to users and processes.
An opera ng system allocates CPU me, memory, I/O devices, and storage space to users and
processes.
Q18\ List only the user interface types.
The primary types of user interfaces (UIs) include Graphical User Interfaces (GUI), Command
Line Interfaces (CLI), Menu-driven interfaces, Touch interfaces, Voice interfaces, and Natural
Language interfaces.
Q19\ What is the OS reac on to errors?
Opera ng systems manage errors using methods like excep on handling, redundancy checks,
and recovery rou nes. Excep on handling stops a program to fix issues. Redundancy checks use
extra data bits to detect errors. Recovery rou nes correct errors and restore normal opera on,
ensuring the system runs smoothly. These methods make opera ng systems reliable and
robust.
Q20\ Define System Calls, and System Programs.
System calls are requests from a program to the opera ng system kernel for specific services,
while system programs are user-friendly tools that provide basic func onality like file
management, debugging, or program execu on, o en built upon system calls
Q22\ List Types of System Calls with examples on each type.
A System Call is a way for a user program to interface with the OS. The program requests several
services, and the OS responds by invoking a series of System Calls to sa sfy the request. The
program can be wri en in assembly language or a high-level language like C or Pascal. System
Calls are predefined func ons that the OS may directly invoke if a high-level language is used.
System Call uses Applica on Program Interface (API) to provide OS services to user programs. It
offers a point of contact between processes and the OS so that the user-level processes can ask
for the OS’s assistance. The limited ways to access the kernel system are through the System
Calls.

Define API.
In an Opera ng System (OS) context, an API (Applica on Programming Interface) is a set of
defined func ons and methods that allow a so ware program to interact with the OS or
another program, enabling them to request services and exchange data.
Q28\ Draw the diagram of System Call – OS Rela onship

Q29\ Define “Process” and explain the difference between Process and Program.
Q30\ List process parts in memory with brief descrip on of each.
In the context of computer memory, a process's memory space is structured into key
parts: code (program instruc ons), data (variables), and stack (func on calls). Here's a brief
descrip on of each:
 Code: Contains the executable instruc ons (code) of the process.
 Data: Stores the variables and data used by the process during execu on.
 Stack: A region of memory used to store temporary data, like func on call informa on
and local variables.
Q31\ Draw the diagram of the process parts in memory

Q32\ List the process states with brief descrip on of each.


Q33\ Draw the Diagram of Process States

Q34\ List the informa on items stored in Process Control Block (PCB)
Q35\ Define Process Scheduler.
A process scheduler is also known as a short-term scheduler or a CPU scheduler.
Here's a breakdown:
 Process Scheduler: This is the general term for the mechanism that decides which
process to run next and allocates the CPU.
 Short-Term Scheduler: This type of scheduler makes decisions about which process from
the ready queue to execute next and allocates the CPU.
 CPU Scheduler: This is another name for the short-term scheduler
Categories of Scheduling(Pre-Emp ve, Non Preemp ve)
Types of Process Schedulers(Long Term, Medium Term, Short Term)
Q36\ List the scheduling queues with brief descrip on of each
 The Job Queue stores all processes that are entered into the system.
 The Ready Queue holds processes in the ready state.
 Device Queues hold processes that are wai ng for any device to become available. For
each I/O device, there are separate device queues.
Q37\ Draw the Diagram of Process Scheduling Queues Diagram

Q40\ Draw the Diagram of CPU Switch From Process to Process

Q42\ Explain Process Termina on


Process termina on refers to the process of ending a program's execu on, which involves
releasing its resources and removing its data structures from the system. This can occur
normally (e.g., by reaching the end of execu on or a return statement) or abnormally (e.g., due
to errors or external signals).
Q43\ Define Thread.
Q45\ List the benefits of mul threaded programming with brief on each.
Q52\ Define CPU scheduling, CPU Scheduler, Dispatcher module, and Dispatch latency.
In opera ng systems, a dispatcher module hands over control of the CPU to the process
selected by the short-term scheduler, and dispatch latency is the me it takes to stop one
process and start another running.

Q53\ List the CPU Scheduling Criteria, with brief on each.


Q54\ As a CPU Scheduling Criteria, explain the difference between Turnaround Time and
Wai ng Time.
Q56\ The purpose of Scheduling Algorithm is to maximize or minimize the below Op miza on
Criteria
• ___________ CPU u liza on • ___________ Throughput
• ___________ Turnaround me • ___________ Wai ng me
• ___________ Response me
Q57\ Explain in brief the difference between pre-emp ve and non-preemp ve scheduling.
Q58\ List the Six CPU Scheduling Algorithms.
Q59\ In CPU Scheduling _________ has very long average wait mes, while ______ has
minimum average wai ng me.
Q60\ In CPU Scheduling, Shortest-Job-First algorithm will pick the _________ job first, while in
Priority Scheduling algorithm will pick the job with _________ priority first.
Q63\ Round robin scheduling is similar to FCFS scheduling, except that CPU bursts are assigned
with ______________________.
Q64\ For below Processes table, calculate the average wai ng me for the algorithms:
• First Come First Serve (FCFS)
• Shortest Job First (SJF) and
• Priority Scheduling
Q65\ Explain the features of Mul level Queue Scheduling.
In mul level queue scheduling, all the processes are assigned permanently to the queue at the
me of entry. Processes will not move between queues and it may happen that the processes in
the queue can be divided into different classes where classes have their own scheduling. For
example, interac ve process and batch process. The main advantage of mul level queue
scheduling is that the processes are permanently assigned to the queue.
Explain the features of Mul level Feedback Queue Scheduling
In mul level feedback scheduling, the processes are allowed to move in between the queues,
the idea behind is to separate the processes with different CPU – burst characteris cs. If any
process uses too much CPU then it’ll be moved to the lower priority queue and if a process
wai ng too much for the CPU is moved to the high priority queue this prevents starva on.
Mul level feedback queue is the most general scheme and also the most complex.
Q69\ For Mul ple-Processor Systems explain the difference between Asymmetric
mul processing and Symmetric mul processing
What are the objec ves of opera ng system? (AU: April/May 2010) (AU: May/June 2012)
(April/May 2017)
What are the advantages of peer-to-peer systems over client-server systems? (May/June 2016)
Types of OS Refer: h ps://byjus.com/gate/types-of-opera ng-system-notes/
What is real me system?
What is meant by context switch?
What is the main advantage of mul programming?
List the advantage of mul processor system?
Define inter process communica on.
What is bootstrap program?
Illustrate the different interrupt clauses.
What are the five major ac vi es of an opera ng system with regard to process management?
What is the Kernel?
What is meant by Mainframe Systems?
What is Mul processor System?
What are the five major categories of System Calls?
Compare and contrast Single-threaded and mul -threaded process. (Apr/May 2017
Dis nguish between CPU bounded, I/O bounded processes. (Nov/Dec 2016)

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