Chapter-01

Information & Communication Technology: World & Bangladesh Perspective

➢ Important Topics of this Chapter for Creative Question of (c) & (d):
Times Questions Board & Year the Questions
Importance Topic Appeared Have Appeared
c d CQ

 T-01: Concept of Global Village 3 1 BB’23; JB’19; CB’17; Din.B’17

DB’23, 18, 17, 16; Ctg.B’23, 16;

T-02: Virtual Reality, Artificial BB’23, 16; SB’23, 19, 18, 16;
 10 10
Intelligence & Robotics JB’23, 18,17, 16; Din.B’23, 18,16;
MB’23; RB’19
T-03: Cryosurgery, Nano- DB’23, 18; RB’23; BB’23, 17;
 Technology & Space 10 4 JB’23, 18, 17; CB’23, 19, 16;
Exploration Din.B’23, 18; SB’19, 18, 17; Ctg.B’16
DB’23, 19, 17; RB’23, 17, 16;
T-04: Biometrics, Bioinformatics Ctg.B’23, 19, 17; BB’23, 19, 17, 16;
 13 15
& Genetics Engineering CB’23, 19, 17, 16; SB’23, 16;
Din.B’23, 19; MB’23; JB’16
T-05: Economy Depends on ICT
 and ICT’s Morality & - 4 BB’19; Ctg.B’17; SB’17; DB’16
Effects

T-01: Concept of Global Village

01. Mr. X arrives in country 'A' for the purpose of research, gets off the plane and takes a driverless automatic
car to the destination. There he was allowed to live in a house, all of which was controlled by modern
information technology. [BB’23]
(d) Explain the reasons for the increasing popularity of the stem’s houses over ordinary houses. 4
Answer
d. The house mentioned in the stem is smart home. Smart home is a residential system where various necessary
systems including security control system, heating system can be controlled from anywhere with the help of
remote controlling or programming device.
Features & Advantages:
Smart home is managed by Home Automation System. Some Features of Smart Home-
Smart Thermostats: By controlling the temperature of the room, the temperature change can be specified
according to the schedule. The monitor shows temperature, energy consumption and bill calculations.
Automatic control possible at night or when not at home.

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 Smart Light & Fan: Lights and fans can be turned on and off by smart phone and voice commands.
Moreover, lights and fans can be controlled according to presence-absence and day-night in the room.
Smart Lock: Lock can be used by smart phone, voice command, PIN or biometric method. Moreover, the
internal doors of the house can be automated by using Motion Sensor.
Smart Security Cameras: Security cameras are there for home security. Small children or pets can be taken
care of at home even when you are not at home.
Security: Detecting suspicious intrusions using motion sensors at night and in own’s absence can send
notifications to phones and monitor the entire home. Besides, the security of the residence is ensured by
connecting with the police control room or private security company.
Also, the popularity of smart home is increasing day by day due to various other benefits.
02. After completing his studies, Surjo choose to earn money by working from home through the internet after
not getting a job. Within a few years he became financially independent and earned a lot of foreign currency.
Later, many people in his area followed this path and became self-reliant. His brother Pratap studied at an
American university from home and obtained a higher degree. [JB’19]
(c) What is the process of achieving the higher degree by Pratap in the stem? Explain. 3
Answer
c. Distance learning is the process of attaining a higher degree of stem.
Distance education is a practice of teaching where a student does not attend a conventional classroom,
especially at the individual level. In this case, students maintain contact with teachers and other students
using e-mail, electronic forums, video conferencing, chat rooms, bulletin boards, instant messaging and
other computer-based communication mediums. In this method, degrees can be obtained from different
universities (who have this opportunity) at a low cost. Distance learning is possible in an interactive way
from CD, DVD, video. You need an internet connection and a computer. At present, the use of tele-
conferencing has increased exponentially. And it is possible to ensure teaching for all. Distance learning is
suitable for people of any age and profession. Through this, it is possible to spread education in rural areas.
It is also a very helpful education method for those who are engaged in various professions.
03. The Prime Minister of Bangladesh inaugurated Payarabandar located at Kalapara in Patuakhali as the third
seaport of the country through a video from Ganabhaban. On the other hand, after the instruction of
education minister of the country asking all the educational institutions to ensure the attendance of students
electronically, the governing body of ABC College is thinking of introducing face-recognition system for
students. Although fingerprint system is currently in place for teachers. [CB’17]
(c) What are the advantages of the technology used for the inauguration of seaport? Explain. 3
Answer
c. The technology used for the inauguration of the incentive's seaport is tele-conferencing.
Information exchange or view exchange meetings can be conducted between two or more people through
tele-conferencing. You need an internet connection and a computer. At present, the use of tele-conferencing
has increased exponentially. It provides great benefits in the use of communication.
Its advantages –
• Audio-video communication is possible like a face-to-face meeting between multiple people from any
geographical distance, which greatly saves the cost of time travel of the person.
• It is possible to attend or deliver speeches at any meeting, rally, government activities, official meetings,
political programs from any geographical distance.

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 • Staying in remote or remote areas, specialist doctor's medical services, advanced education and other
services can be availed.
• Plays an effective role in maintaining personal, family or social harmonious relationships.
• It is possible to conduct any business activities from any geographical distance, including monitoring
the working environment of your business organization, monitoring employees, emergency official
meetings.
04. Asif gets an opportunity to study in an American university. But due to financial instability, it was not
possible to go to America. After that he got his university degree online in Bangladesh. Asif earns money
by working online in between studies. As a result, his family condition improved. His friend Moni grows a
new variety of tomato and makes financial gains. [Din.B’17]
(c) How was it possible for Asif to obtain a university degree? Explain. 3
Answer
c. Similar to question 02(c).

T-02: Virtual Reality, Artificial Intelligence & Robotics

01. [DB’23]

(d) Evaluate the role of the technology mentioned in scenario-2 in the Fourth Industrial Revolution. 4
Answer
d. The technology mentioned in Scenario-2 for the Fourth Industrial Revolution is Artificial Intelligence (AI).
Its role is evaluated below:
• AI is used to operate Autopilot mode in unmanned vehicles or Self-Driving Cars and airplanes.
Moreover, AI is used in Traffic Management and Station Maintenance.
• In performing tedious calculations. Such as- Wolfram Alpha, Maxima, SymbMath, etc.
• In Weather Forecasting.
• The use of expert systems in the medical field increases the accuracy of diagnosis.
• AI is used in financial management for fraud detection, risk assessment, investment analysis, etc.
Through this, risks and possibilities remain distinct.
• AI-enabled robots are used to implement automation systems in manufacturing, increasing efficiency
and reducing costs. It increases productivity and quality.
• Customer service can be provided 24 hours a day by using AI-controlled chat bots and virtual assistants.
• Using AI, Text to Image (Midjourney AI), Text to video (Invideo AI) etc. has started the revolution.
• Chat GPT, Bard, etc. AI controlled Language mode-based chat bot performance is extraordinary. Using
them, you can do many things from doing simple maths to writing stories and poems, writing and coding
algorithms, doing homework, writing CV or formal letter, etc.
• Different games (like Chess) can be played and analyzed using AI. Analysis of a chess game using
Chess Engine will undoubtedly be more precise and accurate than the analysis of the greatest chess
players.
• AI is also used in research. Complex calculations that used to take months can now be done in hours.
As a result research is faster. Research that was not thought possible before can be done with the help
of AI. That is, numerous new research doors are being opened.

3
02. Dr. J. C. Dev went to Japan to receive specialized training in temperature-controlled treatment methods. He
returned to the country after gaining practical experience of this treatment method in a computer-controlled
environment with a special system. Now when patients come to him, he successfully applies this method of
treatment in the operation of some complex diseases. [DB’23]
(c) Explain the method of attaining the aforementioned doctor's training mentioned in the stem. 3
Answer
c. The technology utilized by the doctor for attaining his training as mentioned in the stem is virtual reality.
Virtual reality means unreal or artificial reality.
It creates an environment that is not real but creates a sense of reality and evokes a real feeling in the brain.
Special glasses or helmets are worn, where the two eyes show two different scenes to create a three-
dimensional feeling. Sometimes that feeling is created by showing different scenes on a screen with different
projectors. To carry out these processes, a realistic three-dimensional depiction of an environment or event
is basically done with the help of computer hardware and software.
Creating virtual reality environments requires the use of sensitive graphics on powerful computers. Sound
and touch are also given considerable importance in the graphics of virtual worlds. Hand gloves, boots, suits
are often used in addition to specially made glasses or helmets (HMD: Head Mounted Display) to make
what users see and touch closer to reality. The remote control process is done through the use of graphics
on a high powered computer. This is called telepresence. In addition, this method also creates realistic
sounds, so that it seems that the words are coming from a special place.
Virtual reality is most commonly used in various types of training. From military training to driving, medical
etc. training is done by creating artificial reality through virtual reality. Dr. J. C. Dev of the stem thus gained
practical experience of medical procedures in this way.
03. Scenario-1: Recently, with the benefit of modern technology, it is becoming possible to experience lunar
travel in an artificial environment on Earth.
Scenario-2: Bangladesh is now self-sufficient in food with the use of special technologies for agriculture
and livestock development. [Ctg.B’23]
(c) Describe the areas of use of the technology of stem’s scenario-1. 3
Answer
c. Similar to question 02(c).
04. Mr. X arrives in country 'A' for the purpose of research, gets off the plane and takes a driverless automatic
car to the destination. There he was allowed to live in a house, all of which was controlled by modern
information technology. [BB’23]
(c) Discuss the technology movement of the car mentioned in the stem. 3
Answer
c. The vehicle mentioned in stem is a driverless automatic vehicle. It uses robotics and artificial intelligence
to create it.
The idea of giving a machine the ability to think or analyze by giving it human-like intelligence is called
Artificial Intelligence. AI collects large amounts of data, processes it according to advanced algorithms,
learns from different patterns. This is called machine learning. Machine learning is a field of computer
science that gives computers the ability to learn without being explicitly programmed. Machine learning
algorithms are trained on large amounts of data to perform tasks without detailed programming. There are
many algorithms of machine learning. Common programming languages like C/C++, Java, MATLAB,
Python, SHRDLU, PROLOG, LISP, CLISP etc. are used to implement the algorithm.

4
 Robots are machines that can automatically perform certain tasks in sequence and can be programmed by a
computer. A programmable computer is placed inside the robot. As a computer, a robot has one or more
processors that are programmed. Processors are like brains that centrally control the robot's movements and
actions. It can also be re-programmed as needed. Nowadays robots are connected with artificial intelligence.
We can see its clear practical application in the Autodriving of the car. Automatic cars without drivers are
called Self Driving Vehicles. Artificial intelligence is used to run autopilot mode in unmanned vehicles or
self-driving cars and airplanes.
05. Rahbar passed the higher secondary school and entered the university. He came to know from a foreign
friend that there are some cars in the country that do not need a driver to move and are able to move on the
road automatically. When Rahbar entered the campus with his fingerprints, he found that a group of students
were researching cancer in a certain room in the campus. [SB’23]
(c) Explain the technology used in driving the mentioned vehicle in the stem. 3
Answer
c. Artificial intelligence technology is used in the automatic car that Rahbar come to know about from his
foreign friend as mentioned in the stem.
Artificial intelligence is a special product of the development of information and communication technology.
The idea of giving a machine human-like intelligence, the ability to think or analyze, is commonly called
artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence algorithms are trained on large amounts of data. A method called
a neural net, similar to the human brain, is used to process the data. It consists of three or more layers called
input layer, hidden layer and output layer. As the number of hidden layers increases, the neural net becomes
more intelligent and can use its own data, called delearning. Programming languages like C, C++, Java,
Python, LISP, CLISP etc. are used in artificial intelligence applications.
Currently, as a result of the development of artificial intelligence research, cars, airplanes, ships can be
driven automatically. Artificial intelligence gives a machine or device (in this case a car) the ability to make
decisions based on its surroundings. An AI-equipped car consists of various sensors (Example: cameras,
radars, ultrasonic sensors, etc.), processors and AI-rich software. The sensors collect information about the
surrounding environment and the road, process this information in the processor and take the right decision
instantly with the help of various software. For example, while driving a car, people can detect other cars or
obstacles and make decisions accordingly. Artificial intelligence is an amazing technology. Apart from
automated cars, robotics can also be applied in gaming, space exploration, medicine, finance, weather
forecasting etc.
06. Dr. Rajib gained hands-on experience of heart surgery without any patients through special techniques in
the practical class of the medical college. While playing long tennis, he noticed that the durability of this
ball is much higher than other balls. [JB’23]
(d) Will the technology used in practical classes play any role in creating skilled manpower? Give
analytical opinion. 4
Answer
d. The technology used in stem’s practical work is virtual reality, which will play an important role in creating
skilled manpower.
Virtual reality or VR is a computer-controlled system that allows humans to interact with or perceive
artificial multidimensional sensory environments through the application of modeling and simulation. In
virtual reality the simulated environment can be exactly like the real world. In this case, real experience is
often obtained from virtual reality. Virtual Reality creates artificial worlds capable of providing interactive
feedback to provide an experience equivalent to reality. Therefore, through simulation it is possible to gain
experience in medical procedures without risk. So it can be said that through Virtual Reality it is possible to
create skilled manpower in practical classes.

5
07. A mechanical engineer has developed a memory device using special technology that is small in size but
has a large capacity for data storage. He created imaginary three-dimensional models using a more
specialized technique to improve the device. [Din.B’23]
(d) Evaluate the accuracy of the technology to improve the device mentioned above. 4
Answer
d. It is possible to create imaginary three-dimensional models with virtual reality.
Virtual reality means an unreal or artificial reality that seems like reality to us but is actually unreal or
artificial.
It creates an environment that is not real but creates a sense of reality and evokes a real feeling in the brain.
Touching, hearing or seeing creates a feeling in the human brain that we call reality. If we create these
sensations with the help of some devices it can seem completely real to people. By wearing special glasses
or helmets, two different scenes are shown to the two eyes to create a three-dimensional sensation.
Sometimes that feeling is created by showing different scenes on a screen with different projectors. To carry
out these processes, a realistic three-dimensional depiction of an environment or event is basically done with
the help of computer hardware and software.
Creating virtual reality environments requires the use of sensitive graphics on powerful computers. Hand
gloves, boots, suits are often used in addition to specially made glasses or helmets (HMD : Head Mounted
Display) to make what you see and touch closer to reality. The remote control process is done through the
use of graphics on a high powered computer. This is called telepresence. In addition, this method also creates
realistic sounds, so that it seems that the words are coming from a special place. So it can be said that virtual
reality is a type of artificial environment created through hardware and software which when presented
seems like a real environment to the users. Virtual reality always relies on imagination rather than realistic
graphics. Examples of various VR games.
08. Himel was trying to solve biological problems of Drylab. One day his friend took him to a room and there
they experienced space travel. [MB’23]
(d) What technology is used in the room? Evaluate its role in daily life. 4
Answer
d. Similar to question 02(c).
09. It is planned to set up a world-class industrial factory in the application of information technology near the
capital of Bangladesh, where Actuator will help the country to develop and become economically self-
sufficient by making the necessary computer equipment with the help of skilled hands. The skilled
programmers of the organization will arrange for the visitors to see various sightseeing places of the city
sitting at home by setting up a simulated environment. [RB’19]
(c) Identify and explain the technology used in industrial plants. 3
(d) To what extent technology developed by programmers plays a role in preserving history and heritage-
Analyze. 4
Answer
c. Robotics is the technology used in the industry which is currently acting as one of the main drivers for more
and safer production in the industry. The word 'Robotics' is derived from the word 'robot'. A computer
controlled machine that can act like a human is called a robot. According to the New Collegiate Dictionary,
“a robot is an automated system controlled by a computer; It can act like humans or act like it has artificial
intelligence.” Artificial intelligence is applied in robots. The computer controls all the functions of the robot.
The workflow of all robots is predetermined. The robot only responds according to the sequence of actions
directed to it. For each task, the instructions have to be created separately in the robot's memory.

6
 Robot is a very fast, tireless and perfect working machine. It is an automated computer system. Robots can
work in any harsh environment and automate production in factories. However, it is expensive and laborious
to build the robots that follow the instructions. Creating instructions for each new task required by the robot
requires the use of thousands of computer program codes.
d. Virtual Reality is a technology created by programmers. Virtual reality is important in preserving history
and heritage. Virtual reality or VR is a computer-controlled system that allows humans to interact with or
perceive an artificial three-dimensional sensory environment through the application of modeling and
simulation. In virtual reality, the simulated environment can be exactly like the real world. In this case, real
experience is often obtained from virtual reality. Sometimes the simulated environment may differ from the
real one.
By using Virtual Reality, one can easily visit the historical buildings of different places of the country sitting
at home. Through this one can get a clear idea about the place. Which makes us more history conscious.
Thus Virtual Reality plays an important role in preserving history and heritage.
10. Dr. Niloy completed a simulated operation to gain experience in the application of cold argon gas treatment
to treat brain cancer. [SB’19]
(d) Analyze the impact of Dr. Niloy's operating experience by the environment. 4
Answer
d. Similar to question 02(c).
11. Scientists at the research institute Alpha are trying to create a device on a molecular scale to apply drugs
directly to diseased cells. They created a simulated environment to observe the internal structure and cells
of the brain. [DB, JB, SB, Din.B’18]
(c) Explain the technique used by scientists in observation. 3
Answer
c. The technology used by scientists to observe is Virtual Reality. Virtual Reality or VR is a computer-
controlled system that allows humans to interact with or perceive artificial multidimensional sensory
environments through the application of modeling and simulation. In virtual reality the simulated
environment can be exactly like the real world. In this case, real experience is often obtained from virtual
reality. Virtual Reality creates artificial worlds capable of providing interactive feedback to provide an
experience equivalent to reality. Therefore, through simulation it is possible to experience medical
procedures without risk. So it can be said that brain cell monitoring through Virtual Reality is a part of
Virtual Reality.
12. A Japanese tech company called Vinclue has created a digital technology artificial housekeeper named
Hikari. This house help can be seen on the holographic screen. Hikari will also wake up his host, say good
morning, send various messages in between office work. Rafi has just completed her studies and joined a
private bank as an officer. As one stays at home alone, sometimes wakes up late. So he decided to buy a
hickory. Since the price of hikari is high, so that it does not get stolen from the house, he thought of adopting
the security measures of the house so that the known people can enter the house by using fingerprint on a
certain button. However, security requires him to speak into a microphone to access his office's volt.
[DB’17]
(c) Explain the technology used in making hikari in the stem. 3
Answer
c. Similar to question 09(c).

7
13. Mr. Shihab is an aviator. He bought a 1 terabyte hard disk from a computer fair. He was surprised to find it
quite small in size. With the advancement of technology, the size of various devices is getting smaller. The
aviation training system has also changed.
Now flight training is done in a computer-controlled environment instead of using a real aircraft. [JB’17]
(d) Current technology used in aviation training can be used in urban planning. Explain. 4
Answer
d. Similar to question 09(d).
14. Zaman landed a job as a driver in a company in South Korea where he spent the first month training to drive
in an artificial environment. It is in this environment that he learns various driving techniques in different
situations. Besides his work, Zaman also takes up data entry work in another organization. With the money
he sent, his half-baked house in the village house has become a two-storied building today. [DB’16]
(c) Which technology is mentioned in the foreign life of Zaman of the stem? Explain. 3
Answer
c. Similar to question 02(c).
15. Dr. Fariha works in the city but provides medical services to the citizens of remote areas. She has received
training in operations in artificial environments. [Ctg.B’16]
(d) What impact does the technology used in Dr. Fariha's training has on everyday life? Discuss. 4
Answer
d. Similar to question 02(c).
16. Dr. Hatem traveled to China for training in surgery. At the time of admission, he is fingerprinted and given
an identity card. Before entering the training room, he had to press a device on the door each time to enter.
Like other trainees in the classroom, he wears special devices on his hands, head and eyes. He completed
the initial phase of training through various scenarios on the computer monitor. [BB'16]
(d) Evaluate the role of technology used in Dr. Hatem's training. 4
Answer
d. Similar to question 02(c).
17. My friend Dr. Enam is staying in France for training. Through Viber, he said that in France, digital systems
are used for everything. The supervisor's fingerprint is required to enter the training center and eyes are
required to enter the operation theater. I said, "Pretty interesting." He added, “Go to the local amusement
park with a helmet and glasses I felt the feeling of traveling to the moon.” [SB’16]
(c) Describe the technology used to travel to the moon in light of the stem. 3
Answer
c. Similar to question 02(c).
18. Mr. ‘A’ is a manager. The office he works in has thousands of employees. It the help of information
technology for attendance of office staff. He took the help of one such technology, where fingerprints are
used. He has periodically trained employees to drive in artificial environments wearing special clothing.
[JB’16]
(c) Explain the techniques used in training employees of the stem. 3
Answer
c. Similar to question 02(c).

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19. Liza could not go to the market for Eid shopping due to HSC examination but she did all the shopping at
home with the help of information technology. Liza's elder brother is a medical student. He saw his elder
brother trying to understand the complexities of medical science using computer-controlled helmets, gloves
etc. [Din.B’16]
(d) Analyze the rationale of Liza's brother's activities. 4
Answer
d. Similar to question 02(c).

T-03: Cryosurgery, Nano-Technology & Space Exploration

01. Dr. J. C. Dev went to Japan to receive specialized training in temperature-controlled treatment methods. He
returned to the country after gaining practical experience of this treatment method in a computer-controlled
environment with a special system. Now when patients come to him, he successfully applies this method of
treatment in the operation of some complex diseases. [DB’23]
(d) Evaluate the contribution of information and communication technology to the medical system
mentioned above. 4
Answer
d. The treatment method mentioned in the stem is cryosurgery.
Cryosurgery is a medical procedure in which abnormal and diseased cells are destroyed by applying
extremely cold temperatures. The contribution of information and communication technology in this
checking process is mentioned below:
• Database is used to store patient information, progress, etc.
• Tube with micro camera for detection of infected cells is controlled by ICT.
• ICT controlled UltraSound, MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) etc. technologies are used to conduct
cryosurgery smoothly, so that healthy cells are not damaged.
• All major manufacturers of cryogenic agents, including Brymill, make extensive use of information
technology in the production, supply and marketing of products.
• Doctors are trained using virtual reality to become proficient in cryosurgery. Virtual Reality (VR) is
basically an application of ICT.
02. Mr. Sajjad is a professor at the Agricultural University, doing research for the production of high-yielding
varieties of rice. He has been suffering from the problem of mole on his face for a long time. Finally, he
went to his friend Dr. Fuad for treatment, the doctor operated the mole without bleeding by applying cold
temperature. [RB’23]
(c) Describe the treatment of Dr. Fuad. 3
Answer
c. Dr. Fuad's treatment method is cryosurgery.
Cryosurgery or cryotherapy is one of the modern methods of surgery that is used to destroy abnormal or
unexpected diseased tissue by applying extremely cold temperatures. The Greek word cryo means ice cold.
Cryosurgery is a non-incisional treatment. It is a technique to destroy unwanted and abnormal diseased
tissue/skin by applying extremely cold temperature gas to the human body through IT. In cryosurgery
treatment, liquid nitrogen, argon, oxygen, carbon dioxide etc. gases are used according to the affected area
and type of disease and to reach specific coldness. These liquid gases are known as cryogenic agents.

9
 It is widely used in various diseases on the skin of the human body such as warts, rashes, inflammation,
harmful wounds, etc. Especially in diseases of internal organs such as cancer, wounds, inflammation etc.
the position of the cells affected by the simulated software is identified and their position and boundaries
are determined. Later, ICT-controlled equipment such as micro-cameras are used to detect the diseased
cells/parts of the lesion by inserting cryoprobes with very fine needles and cryogenic gases are applied to
the affected areas. Here the temperature of these gases is brought down to −41 or ever −196 degree
centigrade depending on the area. As a result blood and oxygen supply to diseased tissues/cells is cut off.
Note that in some cases this low temperature is brought down to -20 degrees Celsius. This causes damage
to the diseased tissues/cells due to the inability of blood and oxygen supply at that lowest temperature.
Information and communication technology plays a major role in cryosurgery, as computer-controlled
systems are used throughout to locate affected cells or tissues and to monitor all operations. That's why
virtual reality is used to train doctors to become proficient in cryosurgery.
03. Dr. A provides low temperature treatment using cryogenic agents. He touched a device with his finger to
access his OT. On the other hand, researcher 'B' uses voice to enter his room. [BB’23]
(c) Discuss the method of providing medical care by Dr. A. 3
Answer
c. Similar to question 02(c).
04. Dr. Rajib gained hands-on experience of heart surgery without any patients through special techniques in
the practical class of the medical college. While playing long tennis, he noticed that the durability of this
ball is much higher than other balls. [JB’23]
(c) Explain the technique of making the ball mentioned in the stem. 3
Answer
c. The technology used to make ball mentioned in the stem has been developed using nano-technology.
The technology of changing molecules or atoms into nanoparticles in a special process to increase the
performance of a material is called nanotechnology. Nanotechnology generally refers to the preparation and
formation of one-dimensional 1D, two-dimensional 2D and three-dimensional 3D particles with a length of
less than 1nm to 100nm and the knowledge of their physical and chemical properties. The theory of quantum
mechanics is clearly applicable to very small objects. In this case, the nano particles are much smaller and
quantum behavior is more pronounced in these particles. For example: hardness can be up to 7 times higher
in the nanostate than in the normal state for various metals. Similarly, optical properties, Conductance,
Relaxation, Decoherence, Thermalisation, etc., are significantly different in the nano state compared to the
normal state. Nano-technology is currently used in various fields due to these properties of nanoparticles.
Nano-technology is used to increase the durability of sports equipment. Nano particles of iron, nickel, silver
and aluminum are used in bat and nunchuck coating. Nanotechnology is also used in the stability of cricket
and tennis balls, and in the preserving balance of football, volleyball, handball and golf balls.
05. Dr. Ifad treats by applying extremely cold temperatures. At the entrance to his chamber, fingers are placed
on a machine at the first door and the entire hand at the second door. [CB’23]
(c) Describe the medical technology of Dr. Ifad. 3
Answer
c. Similar to question 02(c).

10
06. A mechanical engineer has developed a memory device using special technology that is small in size but
has a large capacity for data storage. He created imaginary three-dimensional models using a more
specialized technique to improve the device. [Din.B’23]
(c) Describe the technology for manufacturing memory devices mentioned in the stem. 3
Answer
c. The technology used to make the memory device mentioned in the stem is nanotechnology.
The branch of science in which nanoparticles are researched, structure, properties, shape-nature changes and
their applications are discussed at the nanoscale, is called nanotechnology. Nanotechnology generally refers
to the preparation and formation of one-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional
(3D) particles with a length of less than 1nm to 100nm and the knowledge of their physical and chemical
properties. The finer the material, the better the quality. And this limit of smallness is even finer in
nanoparticles. Because nanoparticles are extremely small, they have a high surface area, making them highly
chemically active. For example: hardness can be up to 7 times higher in nano state than in normal state for
various metals. Similarly, optical properties, Conductance, Relaxation, Decoherence, Thermalisation, etc.,
are significantly different in the nano state compared to the normal state. Nano technology is used in all
fields for these benefits. It is used in food industry, textile industry, cosmetic industry, making household
accessories. Nanotechnology is also used in housing and construction, medical field, electronic and electrical
industry, hardware manufacturing of computers and other digital devices etc.
07. Chips are everyone's favorite. A special technology is used while packaging the chips. A fingerprinting
device has been installed at the entrance to ensure the security of the chips factory. [CB’19]
(d) Analyze your opinion with reference to the advantages and disadvantages of the technology used in
the case of chips. 4
Answer
d. The technology used in chips is nano technology. Currently, this widely used technology has both positive
and negative aspects. Basically, the technology used at the 1 to 100 nm scale is nanotechnology. Following
are the pros and cons of this technology used in food packaging:
Advantages of nanotechnology:
• Products produced by nanotechnology such as nanotubes, nanoparticles etc. are stronger, more durable
or durable, relatively smaller in size and lighter in weight.
• Medicines produced using nanotechnology or known as “smart drugs” can be used for faster healing.
• The use of nano transistors, nano diodes, plasma displays etc. is revolutionizing the electronic industry.
Quantum computing is evolving.
• As a result of the application of this technology, the used equipment, electronic materials can be made
energy efficient. Solar energy can be further utilized through batteries, fuel cells, solar cells etc. made
by nanotechnology.
Disdvantages of nanotechnology:
• Nanotechnology is expensive. As a result, the products produced using this technology are still more
expensive.
• When nanotechnology is fully developed, nuclear energy may become available which is dangerous for
mankind.
• Due to the production of alternative fuels, the price of oil, gas can decrease. If the prices of conventional
fuels like diamonds, gold etc. fall, there may be a new polarization of the economy.
• Nanoparticles are harmful for human body.
Considering the advantages and disadvantages, it can be said that nanotechnology is undoubtedly an
extraordinary technology. While it has some downsides, the upsides are much greater.

11
08. Dr. Niloy completed a simulated operation to gain experience in the application of cold argon gas treatment
to treat brain cancer. [SB’19]
(c) Explain the treatment method of Dr. Niloy. 3
Answer
c. Similar to question 02(c).
09. Scientists at the research institute Alpha are trying to create a device on a molecular scale to apply drugs
directly to diseased cells. They created a simulated environment to observe the internal structure and cells
of the brain. [DB, JB, SB, Din.B’18]
(d) Analyze the impact of the mentioned machine tooling technology on the food industry. 4
Answer
d. The device manufacturing technology mentioned in stem is nano-technology. Nanotechnology is the
engineering of atomic or molecular-scale operations concerned with the functioning and further
development of a device or system. That is, nanotechnology is the science of manipulating metals and
materials to create microscopic devices at the atomic or molecular scale. Its impact on the food industry is
immense. It is explained below. Impact of Nanotechnology in Food Industry:
(i) Packaging: Nano technology is used in food packaging. ZnO produced through nanotechnology is
used in fish fertilization.
(ii) Food preservation: The use of nanotechnology has made food preservation quite easy. Its security
has been made easier.
(iii) Enhancement of taste and quality: The use of nanotechnology has made possible the enhancement
of taste and quality. Iron nanoparticles are used to enhance the flavor of juices, chocolates, candies.
(iv) Nutrient Enhancement: Nanotechnology is used for nutritional enhancement.
(v) Preparation: Nanotechnology is used in the preparation of food products in the food industry.
(vi) pH value of food: Nanotechnology is used in pH meter to test pH value of food.
(vii) Nano materials: Nanotechnology is of immense importance in making nano materials used in food
industry. Thus, the contribution of nanotechnology in food industry is immense.
10. Dr. Jamil is an agricultural researcher. Cultivating his discovered seeds, a farmer brought home more crops
than previous harvesters. Dr. Jamil went to his doctor friend operation of wart on the throat. The friend
performed a bloodless operation on him in a short time at −20°C. He immediately returned home. [BB'17]
(d) Analyze and comment on the rationality of Dr. Jamil's friend's treatment. 4
Answer
d. Similar to question 02(c).
11. Jayita Chowdhury takes the help of the internet in preparing project papers related to exams. She cites the
source of each piece of information according to the rules. From information obtained on the Internet, she
learned about a technology that allows the structure of molecules to be seen. However, Jayant collected soft
copies of various files from the internet and published them in his own name without any acknowledgment.
[SB’17]
(c) Explain the mentioned technology in the stem. 3
Answer
c. Similar to question 06(c).

12
12. Mr. Shihab is an aviator. He bought a 1 terabyte hard disk from a computer fair. He was surprised to find it
quite small in size. With the advancement of technology, the size of various devices is getting smaller. The
aviation training system has also changed. Now flight training is done in a computer-controlled environment
instead of using a real aircraft. [JB’17]
(c) Describe the technology used to increase the capacity of small hard disk drives. 3
Answer
c. Similar to question 06(c).
13. Dr. Fariha works in the city but provides medical services to the citizens of remote areas. She has received
training in operations in artificial environments. [Ctg.B’16]
(c) How does Dr. Fariha provides medical care? Explain. 3
Answer
c. The name of the method by which Dr. Farihar provides medical care is telemedicine.
In this time of globalization, it is also possible to get medical services online. This is called telemedicine.
Telemedicine refers to the provision of medical care by specialist doctors to remote patients through
information and communication technology. There are still many places where the transportation system is
not good. There are also no adequate medical facilities. It takes a long time, even a few days, to take the
patient from those places to the hospital. Even after reaching the hospital, the patient's condition became
worse to get everything right. Sometimes the patient dies before that.
The main point of telemedicine is to reach healthcare to the doorsteps of the people using information
technology. Telemedicine is somewhat new in Bangladesh. Nevertheless, much progress has already been
made in Bangladesh. Medical services have been started at different ward, union and upazila level hospitals
through teleconference and video conference. At the same time, the patient's test report sent by e-mail is
monitored. Thousands of patients history, pathological reports can be stored in online database files. From
them, various statistics can be easily made and the patient can be advised accordingly. Doctors can also
consult experienced doctors in any country of the world if they want. Experienced doctors can be contacted
through video conferences on various websites. Teladoc, Maven Clinic, iCliniq, Mdlive, Amwell, Doctor on
Demand, Treatmentonline Examples of some such websites.
In addition to the inconvenience of travel, telemedicine is an essential method in a global pandemic like
COVID-19. At that time, some phone numbers were kept open in almost all countries of the world to get
round-the-clock medical care even from lockdown.Which is the main condition for providing telemedicine
services.
14. ICT-based knowledge and technology is advancing people on the path of prosperity in many ways. Hasan
studied ICT and came to know about a non-surgical treatment method. Later, Hasan was delighted to learn
about ICT-based biodiversity creation technologies. [CB’16]
(c) Identify and explain Hasan's treatment method. 3
Answer
c. Similar to question 02(c).

13
 T-04: Biometrics, Bioinformatics, Genetic Engineering

01. [DB’23]

(c) Explain the marked technology in stem scenario-1. 3

Answer
c. The technology described in stem’s scenario-1 is genetic engineering. This is discussed below –
Using biotechnology or biotechnology to change the genome of an organism according to one's own
advantage or the technique of creating new organisms by combining the genomes of multiple organisms is
called genetic engineering or genetic modification. Genetic engineering is a fascinating technology. Its
multiple uses have opened up new avenues of research for scientists.
In this case, first the DNA of a carrier organism is separated and some parts are cut, then the part of the
DNA with the desired gene is added to the part and reinserted into the organism and cultured. As a result, a
lot of DNA with desired properties is obtained. After experimental application, it is exposed in the field.
Some of its uses are as follows:
There are many uses of GMO in the medical field. Hormone augmentation, treatment of dwarfism, synthetic
insulin production using E.coli, production of interferon protein in cancer treatment, gene therapy, etc., in
the field of agriculture, free from the effects of seasonality, insect-pathogen-drought-flood tolerant and high-
yielding varieties, hybrid plant and animal breeds Currently, this technology is widely used in innovation,
flavor and nutrition enhancement in crops and animal meat, production and health improvement of poultry,
yield and quality improvement of bird eggs, cow milk and sheep wool, transgenic organism development,
biodegradable polymer production, biofuel production, etc.
02. Mr. Sajjad is a professor at the Agricultural University, doing research for the production of high-yielding
varieties of rice. He has been suffering from the problem of mole on his face for a long time. Finally, he
went to his friend Dr. Fuad for treatment, the doctor operated the mole without bleeding by applying cold
temperature. [RB’23]
(d) Discuss with analysis how the technology used in Mr. Sajjad research is helping in drug development. 4
Answer
d. The technology used in Sajjad Saheb's research is genetic engineering which is helping in drug development.
Following are the steps of drug preparation in this technology:
1. The gene containing the ingredients for the medicine to be made must first be stored.
2. Carrier selection. In most cases only E. coli is used.
3. A portion of the carrier plasmid is cut, and the desired gene is added to the cut portion. This is called
recombinant DNA or RDNA.
4. The rDNA is introduced into a carrier under favorable conditions and the organism is propagated in
culture medium.
5. Finally, recombinant DNA is collected from the produced organisms, the desired genes are collected
and stored from them and used in drug production.
Currently, this technology is used to make insulin for diabetes, interferon for cancer and several other drugs.

14
03. Scenario-1: Recently, with the benefit of modern technology, it is becoming possible to experience lunar
travel in an artificial environment on Earth.
Scenario-2: Bangladesh is now self-sufficient in food with the use of special technologies for agriculture
and livestock development. [Ctg.B’23]
(d) Scenario-2’s technology is playing a special role in the development of Bangladesh—Analyz ethe
statement. 4
Answer
d. The technology used in scenario-2 is Genetic Engineering.
There are research institutes like Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Jute Research Institute, Ankh
Research Institute etc. BRRI has developed the purple color rice variety which has received great response
all over the world. Also work is going on to create improved varieties, increase yield, protect against insects.
Recently, Bangladeshi scientist Maksudul Alam discovered the genome sequence of papaya and jute. This
has created a huge potential for increasing the quality of jute. Along with that, Bangladesh is also regaining
the tradition of jute. Considering the economic importance of jute, it is called the golden fiber. Apart from
paddy, jute, corn, cotton, tomato, papaya etc. quality improvement is going on. Efforts are being made to
increase their production and disease resistance. Along with this, efforts are being made to include qualities
such as weed tolerance, insect resistance, salinity and drought tolerance. Fisheries are an important resource
of Bangladesh. Genetic engineering is used to cultivate various exotic fish species (eg Magur, Carp, Tilapia
etc.).
Therefore, it can be said that the technology used in scenario-2, i.e. genetic engineering, has a special role
in the development of Bangladesh.
04. Dr. A provides low temperature treatment using cryogenic agents. He touched a device with his finger to
access his OT. On the other hand, researcher 'B' uses voice to enter his room. [BB’23]
(d) Which is better between Dr. A's technique to enter the room and Researcher B's technique to enter his
room? Give your opinion with reason. 4
Answer
d. The technology used in Dr. A's OT entrance is Biometrics fingerprint identification and the technology used
to enter Researcher B's room is Biometrics Voice Recognition.
Biometrics is the technique or technology used to uniquely identify a person based on the measurement of
physical or behavioral characteristics of a person.
Fingerprint identification: In this world, by nature, every person's fingerprint is different, that is, there is
no similarity between the fingerprints of one person and another. One person's tips will never be the same
as another's. After placing a fingerprint on the finger print reader, the image of the fingerprint is stored in a
computer database. The fingerprint machine creates a fingerprint image by electromagnetic method based
on the pattern of finger lines, skin tissue and blood circulation under the skin.
Advantages: This method costs less and takes less time. The success rate of this method is almost 100% as
the fingerprint never changes.
Disadvantages: This method does not show accurate results if the finger is bruised or cut, dry or dirty.
Voice Recognition:
Every human voice is different from others. Voice Recognition method basically considers a person's voice
as a unique biometric feature.
Advantages:
This is the easiest method of identification. The cost is relatively low. Can work very fast.

15
 Disadvantages:
A cold or cough interferes with identification. Changes in various voice factors (eg. tone, pitch, frequency,
etc.) with age can make identification difficult. Nowadays, it is easy to imitate a person's voice using various
apps. So this method is very risky in terms of security.
So, we can understand that among the technologies used in stem namely fingerprint recognition and voice
recognition, fingerprint recognition is better.
05. Dr. Ifad treats by applying extremely cold temperatures. At the entrance to his chamber, fingers are placed
on a machine at the first door and the entire hand at the second door. [CB’23]
(d) Analyze which of the techniques used at the entrance to the Doctor’s chamber are more popular than
the other. 4
Answer
d. Biometrics is the technology used in the entrance to Dr. Ifad's chamber. The physiological methods used
here are highlighted below:
Fingerprint Identification: Every person's fingerprint is different. One person's tips will never be the same
as another's. After placing one's fingerprint on the finger print reader, the image of the fingerprint is stored
in the computer database. The fingerprint machine creates a fingerprint image by electromagnetic method
based on the pattern of finger lines, skin tissue and blood circulation under the skin.
Advantages: This method costs less and takes less time. The success rate of this method is almost 100% as
the fingerprint never changes.
Disadvantages: This method does not show accurate results if the finger is bruised or cut, dry or dirty.
Hand geometry: The shape and geometric structure of each human hand is different from each other.
Humans can be identified by determining the shape or geometric structure and size of the human hands by
biometric devices in the handprint or hand geometry method. In this method, after the user's fingerprint is
placed on the reader, the result is checked against the value stored in the database in less than 5 seconds.
Advantages: This method is easy to use. This requires less memory.
Disadvantages: The installation cost of this method is high, the cost of the device is relatively high. It is not
suitable for patients with arthritis or rheumatism. Its results are less accurate than fingerprints.
Overall fingerprint recognition is the most popular of the technologies used in doctor’s chamber entry among
fingerprint recognition and handprint or hand geometry.
06. Rahbar passed the higher secondary school and entered the university. He came to know from a foreign
friend that there are some cars in the country that do not need a driver to move and are able to move on the
road automatically. When Rahbar entered the campus with his fingerprints, he found that a group of students
were researching cancer in a certain room in the campus. [SB’23]
(d) Comparatively analyze the technology used for research with the technology used while entering the
university. 4
Answer
d. Biometrics is the technology used at the entrance of the laboratory. Technology used in research:
Bioinformatics.
Below is a comparative discussion of the two technologies.
Biometrics is the science and technology of measuring and analyzing biological data. Bioinformatics, on the
other hand, deals with solving biological problems using computer technology techniques.
Biometrics technology measures and analyzes human body characteristics (Example: DNA, fingerprints,
retina and iris of eyes, voice, face and hand sizes etc.) to determine legitimacy. Bioinformatics analyzes
biological data.

16
 Biometrics system is used for perfect security in computer system. Bioinformatics methods are used to
enable the visualization of molecular genetics.
In biometrics system, human biological data is stored in a computer database and later automatically
matched with these data. Data matching is considered valid and permission is obtained. Bioinformatics, on
the other hand, helps in the storage of large amounts of repetitive and non-repetitive data. Pattern recognition
and algorithmic data mining can be done.
Biometrics is relatively less expensive technology. Bioinformatics is a very expensive technology.
07. Students of a college confirm attendance by placing their finger on a device during class attendance. Upon
entering the college's ICT lab, looking at a special device opens the door. [Din.B’23]
(c) Describe the class attendance technology of students in the stem. 3
(d) Which of the two techniques mentioned in the stem is more reliable? Give your opinion. 4
Answer
c. The technology used in stem is biometrics.
Biometrics is the technique or technology used to uniquely identify a person
based on the measurement of physical or behavioral characteristics of a
person. Behavior or structural characteristics are not the same from one
human to another. And biometrics is the technique or technology through
which a person can be uniquely identified or identified by the human face,
hand and finger lines, retina, iris, veins, behavior of the person, handwriting,
speaking or walking style, personality etc. Biometrics are mainly of two
types. Namely:- physiological and behavioral. Attendance by placing
students' fingers indicates FingerPrint Scanning. It is a physiological
biometrics. By connecting the FingerPrint Scanner device to the computer
or mobile, first his fingerprint is stored in the database through the computer
or mobile. Later, by placing a finger on the reader and comparing it with the
impression received, the person performs the identification and verification
of the truth. In this case, the fingerprint image is created by electromagnetic method based on the outline of
the person's finger, skin tissue and blood circulation under the skin etc.
d. The two technologies mentioned in the stem are biometrics through fingerprint and face recognition
respectively. Fingerprint is the more acceptable of these two technologies.
Biometrics is the technology used to uniquely identify an individual based on specific measurements of
structural features and characteristics of various body parts and behavioral characteristics.
Every person's fingerprint is different or unique. Humans can be identified separately by identifying those
unique characteristics. In this case, the fingerprint image is created by electromagnetic method based on the
outline of the person's finger, skin tissue and blood circulation under the skin etc. Can be done at relatively
low cost. Works very fast. The success rate is almost 100%.
Like fingerprints, facial features vary from person to person. A person is identified in this technology on the
basis of points and factors such as eye size, shape, position and distance between eyes, length and width of
nose, jawline, position of lips etc. It is called Face Recognition technology. It is cheap and practical method.
Get quick results. But, it fails to recognize faces correctly in various cases including light reflection. Face
recognition can be difficult due to makeup, hairstyle changes and wearing sunglasses. Also there is a
problem with age change and twins looking similar.
This is the best method as fingerprint technology does not face such problems.

17
08. Himel was trying to solve biological problems of Drylab. One day his friend took him to a room and there
they experienced space travel. [MB’23]
(c) What technology is Himel using? Explain. 3
Answer
c. In the stem the technology that Himel is collaborating with is bioinformatics.
Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field of information and communication technology in research that
develops methods and software for storing, retrieving, organizing, and analyzing data used in organisms or
biology. Understanding biological processes properly, generating knowledge especially through genetic
research, determining the causes of disruption of normal biological processes that lead to disease etc. In
particular, to gain knowledge about the effect of genes as a cause of disease. Making efforts to improve the
quality of medicines and discover new medicines. The main function of bioinformatics is to develop
software tools to develop the necessary information and knowledge used in biological work. Bioinformatics
is now an important part of many areas of biology. Powerful databases and information systems are used to
organize and store biological information.
09. Mr. Moklesh is a fisherman by profession. To meet the shortage of fish in the country, he uses technology
to produce new species of fish. While enter his office, the door was opened by putting a fingerprint on a
machine placed in front of the door. Then looking at a machine placed in front of the door to enter his room,
the door opens. [DB’19]
(c) Describe the technology of fish production in light of stem. 3
Answer
c. Similar to question 01(c).
10. Mr. Shafiq conducted research on litchi in his laboratory to preserve the heritage of Dinajpur and preserved
his results. He installed a device at the entrance to the laboratory that allowed authorized persons to enter by
looking at it for a certain period of time. [Ctg.B’19]
(c) Explain the technology used in laboratory entrance. 3
(d) Analyze and discuss the application of the aspect of information and communication technology
reflected in stem’s research activities. 4
Answer
c. The technology used at the entrance of the laboratory is the Face Recognition.
We know or remember people differently in our daily life based on their facial features or looks. Face can
also be used in digital methods for Biometric Authentication. The method is known as Face Recognition.
Procedure:
In this case, the person puts their face in front of a digital camera and the process is done in seconds, even
in some cases less than seconds. A person is identified in this technology based on more than 80 points and
factors including eye size, shape, position and distance between eyes, length and width of nose, jawline,
position of lips etc.
Generally, during data storage, these factors are measured and converted into digital data by taking some
time to view from different angles in this technology. That is why the person needs to rotate the face, narrow
the eyes, smile, etc. according to the instructions. Once the information is saved in the database, it does not
take much time for identification and verification. If you put your face in front of the camera, authentication
is done in the blink of an eye.
Face recognition can be used in all smartphones and laptops these days.

18
d. Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field of information and communication technology that develops
methods and software for storing, retrieving, organizing and analyzing data used in organisms or biological
work. Understanding biological processes properly, generating knowledge especially through gene research,
determining the causes of disruption of normal biological processes that produce disease, etc. In particular
to gain knowledge about the effect of genes as a cause of disease.
Also making efforts to improve the quality of medicines and discover new medicines. The main function of
bioinformatics is to develop software tools to develop the necessary information and knowledge used in
biological work. Bioinformatics is now an important part of many areas of biology. Powerful databases and
information systems are used to organize and store biological information.
Applications of Bioinformatics:
Bioinformatics is used in areas such as pattern recognition, data mining, machine language algorithms,
visualization etc. Bioinformatics is widely used in various research fields. Notable researches include
sequence elements, DNA mapping, DNA analysis, gene finding, genome assembly, drug design, drug
discovery, protein structure, future structure of proteins, future of gene expression, modeling of protein-
protein interactions, genome extent and evolution etc.
11. Dr. Khalil is researching a technology to discover high productive seeds to meet the country's food shortage.
His assistant tries to take data related to his research from the computer without permission. [BB'19]
(c) Explain the technology used in Dr. Khalil's research. 3
Answer
c. Similar to question 01(c).
12. Chips are everyone's favorite. A special technology is used while packaging the chips. A fingerprinting
device has been installed at the entrance to ensure the security of the chips factory. [CB’19]
(c) Explain the technology of the device used in stem's factory. 3
Answer
c. In stem, the controlling access to the factory requires using fingerprints which represent biometrics
technology. Biometrics is the technology to uniquely identify certain aspects of human body structure and
behavioral characteristics. Human fingerprints or tips are unique i.e. the fingerprints or tips of one person
will not match the fingerprints or tips of any other person. A finger print reader is a widely used biometric
device that takes human fingerprints as input and compares them with previously stored fingerprints. Before
using finger print biometric technology, the user's fingerprint needs to be stored in the database. The reader
then reads the skin under the finger and compares it with the stored impression. The reader works
electromagnetically based on skin tissue and blood circulation under the skin. From this point of view, it can
be said that the device technology used in factory of the stem is biometrics.
13. Mrs. Papiya was admitted for surgery in a specialized hospital due to a tumor on her forehead. The doctors
of the said hospital enter the hospital using fingerprints. The doctor in the surgery department gave her
various tests before the operation. Papiya’s blood sugar test showed high blood sugar, so the doctor decided
to control her diabetes with insulin. [Din.B’19]
(c) Identify and explain the technique of entry of doctors into hospitals. 3
(d) The technology used in making the medicine used in Mrs. Papiya’s treatment has contributed to
the success of agricultural research. Give your opinion. 4

19
 Answer
c. The doctors of the stem enter the hospital using fingerprints which represent biometrics technology.
Biometrics technology used in stem represents a fingerprint technique in the structure and behavioral
characteristics of the human body. Human fingerprints or tips are unique i.e., the fingerprints or tips of one
person will not match the fingerprints or tips of any other person. A finger print reader is a widely used
biometric device that takes a human fingerprint or tips as input and checks it against a previously stored
fingerprint or tips. Before using finger print biometric technology, the user's fingerprint needs to be stored
in the database. The reader then reads the skin under the finger and compares it with the stored impression.
The reader works on an electromagnetic system based on skin tissue and blood circulation under the skin.
From this point of view, biometrics is the technology that allows doctors to enter the hospital.
d. The technology used in making Mrs. Papiya’s medicine is genetic engineering, which has a wide range of
contributions to the field of agriculture. Medicines like insulin are made by genetic engineering in the
laboratory. Genetic engineering is the process of tailoring an organism's genome to suit its needs or
combining the genomes of multiple organisms to create new organisms. Its contribution to agricultural
research is as follows:
Genetic engineering is used to control forest-destroying insects, prevent rotting of potatoes, tomatoes, etc.
This technology is used in the tissue culture method for making plants from leaves or for making special
organs from special cells in the animal body. Genetically modified crops and Genetically Modified
Organism or GMO is a controversial topic in genetic engineering. However, genetic engineering is mainly
being conducted around agriculture. The goal of producing genetically modified crops in agriculture through
genetic engineering is fourfold. namely- (1) Protecting crops from various environmental threats, (2)
producing new materials from crops, (3) improving crop quality, and (4) accelerating crop growth and
enhancing disease resistance. Note that under the leadership of Bangladeshi geneticist Dr. Maksudul Alam,
a group of energetic researchers from Bangladesh Jute Research Institute and Information Technology
Institute Datasoft at Dhaka University successfully discovered the gene pattern of jute in the middle of 2010.
Also more productive weed resistant, insect resistant, salinity and drought tolerant varieties have been
developed. It is playing a significant role in increasing the size and meat production of animals, increasing
the amount of meat in milk, producing wool of sheep etc. Therefore, the contribution and success of genetic
engineering in agriculture is immense.
14. A Japanese tech company called Vinclue has created a digital technology artificial housekeeper named
Hikari. This house help can be seen on the holographic screen. Hikari will also wake up his host, say good
morning, send various messages in between office work. Rafi has just completed her studies and joined a
private bank as an officer. As one stays at home alone, sometimes wakes up late. So, he decided to buy a
hickory. Since the price of hikari is high, so that it does not get stolen from the house, he thought of adopting
the security measures of the house so that the known people can enter the house by using fingerprint on a
certain button. However, security requires him to speak into a microphone to access his office's volt.
[DB’17]
(d) Which in the stem, Rafi's home and office security systems is more useful? Give your opinion with
analysis. 4
Answer
d. Fingerprint is the more acceptable of the two technologies in stem: between Fingerprint and Voice
Recognition.
Finger print: In this world, each person's fingerprints are different by nature, that is, there is no similarity
between one person's fingerprints and another's fingerprints. One person's tips will never match the other's.
After putting someone's fingerprint in Finger PrintReader, the picture of the print is saved in the computer
database. The fingerprint machine creates fingerprints by electromagnetic method based on the arrangement
of finger lines, skin tissue and blood circulation under the skin.

20
 Advantage: The cost of this method is comparatively less, it takes less time. The success of this method is
almost 100 percent because fingerprints never change.
Disadvantages : If there is a finger wound or cut, this method does not show proper results if the finger is
dry or dirty.
Voice Recognition:
Each person's voice is different from the other. Voice recognition methods basically consider the person's
voice to have unique biometric features.
Advantage:
This is the easiest method of identification. The cost is comparatively much lower. It can work extremely fast.
Disadvantages:
If there is a cold and cough, the detection is interrupted. Changes in various vocal factors (e.g. tone, pitch,
frequency, etc.) can make it difficult to identify as you age. Nowadays a person's voice can be easily
imitated using various apps. So this method is very risky in terms of security.
So we understand that fingerprint recognition is better than the technologies used in stimulus, such as
fingerprint recognition and voice recognition.
15. Read the stem and answer the following questions:
Mr. ‘Y’ entered his father's laboratory by looking at a special sensor that opened the door. Entered inside
and saw that in the first room, the research related to the creation of information system by organizing the
biological information and in the second room, the research related to the creation of recombinant DNA is
done. [RB’17]
(c) Describe the technology used in laboratory doors. 3
(d) Analyze the comparative differences between technologies used in laboratory research. 4
Answer
c. Similar to question 10(c).
d. Try your self.
16. The Election Commission has created an excellent database by collecting facial images, fingerprints and
signatures of adult citizens to generate National ID cards. Recently, Bangladesh Passport Office has created
machine readable passport with the help of the database with the permission of Election Commission. Some
miscreants try to hack the said database to create fake passports and ultimately failed. [Ctg.B’17]
(c) Analyze the technology used by the Election Commission in creating the database in the light of stem. 3
Answer
c. Similar to question 07(c).
17. Dr. Jamil is an agricultural researcher. By cultivating the seeds, he discovered, a farmer brought home more
crops than ever before. One day Dr. Jamil went to his friend who is a doctor for an operation on a mole on
his cheek. His friend performed a bloodless operation in a short time at -20°C. He immediately returned
home. [BB’17]
(c) Explain what kind of technology was used in Dr. Jamil's research. 4
Answer
c. Similar to question 03 (c).
18. The Prime Minister of Bangladesh inaugurated Payarabandar located at Kalapara in Patuakhali as the third
seaport of the country through a video from Ganabhaban. On the other hand, after the instruction of
education minister of the country asking all the educational institutions to ensure the attendance of students
electronically, the governing body of ABC College is thinking of introducing face-recognition system for
students. Although fingerprint system is currently in place for teachers. [CB’17]
(d) Which of the following in the stem would be more reasonable for the college to prioritize in terms of
ensuring attendance at less time? - Analyze. 4

21
 Answer
d. The two technologies of the stimulus are biometrics through fingerprint and face recognition respectively.
Of these two technologies, fingerprints are more acceptable for faster identification.
Biometrics is the technology used to uniquely identify an individual on the basis of precise measurements
of different body parts, symbols and characteristics, and behavioral characteristics.
Each person's fingerprints are different or unique. People can be identified differently by identifying those
distinctive characteristics. In this case, fingerprint painting is created by electromagnetic method based on
the person's finger line, skin tissue and blood circulation under the skin. Can be done at a relatively low
cost. Works extremely fast. The success rate is almost 100 percent. Like fingerprints, the shape of a person's
face is also different. A person is identified on the basis of points and factors such as eye size, shape,
position and distance between eyes, nose length and width, jawline, position of lips , etc. This is called
face recognition technology. It is a cheap and easy to use method. Quick results are obtained. However, it
fails to recognize the face correctly in various cases, including the reflection of light. Changing makeup,
hairstyles and wearing sunglasses can make it difficult to recognize the face. Moreover, there is a problem
with age changes and the appearance of twins is the same.
This is the best method because fingerprint technology does not have such problems.
19. Naeem went to his researcher uncle's office one day and found that the office officials were opening the
door only when they put their thumbs on the designated place of the main door. He also noticed that the door
opened after his uncle was in a special place in the research room. Naeem learned from his uncle that he was
researching the production of sweet tomatoes. [RB’16]
(c) Describe the technology used by Naeem's uncle in producing sweet tomatoes. 3
(d) Give a analytical opinion on which of the two techniques for opening the door to the stem is widely
used. 4
Answer
c. Similar to question 01(c).
d. Similar to question 07(d).
20. Dr. Hatem traveled to China for training in surgery. At the time of admission, he is fingerprinted and given
an identity card. Before entering the training room, he had to press a device on the door each time to enter.
Like other trainees in the classroom, he wears special devices on his hands, head and eyes. He completed
the initial phase of training through various scenarios on the computer monitor. [BB'16]
(c) What technology is used in the door mentioned in stem? Explain. 3
Answer
c. Similar to question 11(c).
21. My friend Dr. Enam is staying in France for training. Through Viber, he said that in France, digital systems
are used for everything. The supervisor's fingerprint is required to enter the training center and eyes are
required to enter the operation theater. I said, "Pretty interesting." He added, “Go to the local amusement
park with a helmet and glasses I felt the feeling of traveling to the moon.” [SB’16]
(d) Analyze on which of the two technologies used in the stem for Training Center and Operation Theater
is widely used in our country. 4
Answer
d. Similar to question 07(c).

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22. Mr. ‘A’ is a manager. The office he works in has thousands of employees. It the help of information
technology for attendance of office staff. He took the help of one such technology, where fingerprints are
used. He has periodically trained employees to drive in artificial environments wearing special clothing.
[JB’16]
(d) To what extent will the technology of Mr. ‘A’ described in the stem play an important role in security?
Analyze with arguments in favor of your opinion. 4
Answer
d. Similar to question 06(c).
23. ICT-based knowledge and technology is advancing people on the path of prosperity in many ways. Hasan
studied ICT and came to know about a non-surgical treatment method. Later, Hasan was delighted to learn
about ICT-based biodiversity creation technologies. [CB’16]
(d) What kind of role does the technology that made Hasan happy in attainment of knowledge in the stem
plays in the development of agricultural resources? 4
Answer
d. Similar to question 01(d).

T-05: Economy Depends on ICT and ICT’s Morality & Effects

01. Dr. Khalil is researching a technology to discover high productive seeds to meet the country's food shortage.
His assistant tries to take data related to his research from the computer without permission. [BB'19]
(d) Analyze the actions of Dr. Khalil's assistant in terms of ethics. 4
Answer
d. Dr. Khalil's assistant's work is plagiarism.
Plagiarism is the act of stealing someone else's writings and passing them off in your own name.It can be
any writing, literary work, research paper, etc. of a person or organization. Stealing is very common in this
day and age. This includes changing the writing of others exactly or partially as your own. Nowadays it is
more visible in the field of education. Plagiarism is now so prevalent that accusations of plagiarism are now
levelled against many great writers.
02. The Election Commission has created an excellent database by collecting facial images, fingerprints and
signatures of adult citizens to generate National ID cards. Recently, Bangladesh Passport Office has created
machine readable passport with the help of the database with the permission of Election Commission. Some
miscreants try to hack the said database to create fake passports and ultimately fail. [Ctg.B’17]
(d) Explain the ethical aspects of some individuals' failed attempts in the stem. 4
Answer
d. The failed attempts of some of the stimulant individuals are included in cybercrime.
Cybercrime can be committed in various ways such as: hacking, phishing, plagiarism, cyber fraud, software
piracy etc.
Hacking is one of the most committed cybercrimes, so we are all more or less familiar with the term hacking.
Basically, getting authorized rights over a computer system, network, data is called hacking. Such news is
often heard that such a Facebook / WhatsApp account has been hacked, and sometimes we ourselves become
victims.
Hacking is usually intended to cause harm, but in some cases only the organization or user is informed about
the security error without harm. Those who are involved in these activities are called hackers.

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03. Jayita Chowdhury takes the help of the internet in preparing project papers related to exams. She cites the
source of each piece of information according to the rules. From information obtained on the Internet, she
learned about a technology that allows the structure of molecules to be seen. However, Jayant collected soft
copies of various files from the internet and published them in his own name without any acknowledgment.
[SB’17]
(d) Evaluate the behavior of Jayita Chowdhury and Jayant by judging the ethics of information technology. 4
Answer
d. Similar to question 01(d).
04. Zaman landed a job as a driver in a company in South Korea where he spent the first month training to drive
in an artificial environment. It is in this environment that he learns various driving techniques in different
situations. Besides his work, Zaman also takes up data entry work in another organization. With the money
he sent, his half-baked house in the village house has become a two-storied building today. [DB’16]
(d) Evaluate the role of information technology in case of zaman. 4
Answer
d. Stem Zaman is enjoying various benefits of information technology.
He takes training to drive in an artificial environment using virtual reality and he is freelancing along with
his work. As a result, he has turned his semi-pucca house in his village into a two-storey building. All this
has been possible for the welfare of information technology.
He has made his economic development using the benefits of information technology.
The use of virtual reality in daily life has made life much easier. Its cohesive uses are: In entertainment:
In driving and training, in education and research, in the medical field, in military training, in business. Its
most practical use is in flight and driving simulators. In addition, realistic training is provided by creating a
training-related artificial environment through related simulators and modeling software.
He also does freelancing as well as work. Through this, his additional income opportunities are created. It
has the freedom to work, any work can be done according to the skill. In other words, information technology
is playing an important role in Zaman's life.

CQ Knowledge-Based Questions & Sample Answers from Previous Board Exams

01. What is nanotechnology? [DB, CB’23; RB, Din.B’17; JB, CB’16]

Ans: The branch of science in which nanoparticles are studied, structure, properties, shape-nature changes
and their applications are discussed at the nanoscale, is called nanotechnology.
02. What is CAD? [DB’23]
Ans: CAD stands for Computer Aided Design.
03. What is Virtual Reality? [RB’23]
Ans: Virtual reality means unreal or artificial reality. That is, what seems like reality to us but is actually
unreal or artificial, hence virtual reality.
04. What is Cryosurgery? [Ctg.B’23; DB’17; SB’16]
Ans: Cryosurgery or Cryotherapy is a modern non-invasive method of surgery, which is used for the
destruction of abnormal and unexpected tissue through the application of extremely cold temperature
Cryogenic Agent.

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05. What are cryogenic agents? [SB’23]
Ans: In cryosurgery gases such as liquid N2 , Ar, O2 and CO2 used in cryosurgery are called cryogenic
agents. They are applied to target cell or tissue at very low temperature through cryoprobe.
06. What is 'Smart Home'? [BB’23]
Ans: Smart home is a residential system where various necessary systems including security control system,
heating system can be controlled from any place with the help of remote controlling or programming device.
07. What is ‘E-Commerce’? [BB’23]
Ans: Any type of business activity conducted using information and communication technology is called e-
commerce.
08. What is cryoprobe? [JB’23]
Ans: The needle tube through which the cryogenic agent is injected into the affected area is called a
cryoprobe.
09. What is Biometrics? [Din.B’23]
Ans: Biometrics is a technology in which a person is uniquely identified based on his body composition and
behavioral characteristics.
10. What is robotics? [Din.B, MB’23; DB, CB’19; DB, JB, Din.B’18; BB’17, 16]
Ans: A computer controlled automatic system that operates under human instructions is called a robot.
Knowledge about robot is called robotics.
11. What is artificial intelligence? [SB’19, DB’16]
Ans: The manipulation of human thoughts by artificial means through computers is called artificial
intelligence.
12. What is hacking? [RB’19]
Ans: Generally entering a computer network without permission and using the computer or taking over the
control of a computer is called hacking.
13. What is video conferencing? [Ctg.B’17]
Ans: Video conferencing is the process of exchanging video information with the help of telecommunication
equipment located in multiple geographical locations.
14. What is bioinformatics? [SB’17]
Ans: Bioinformatics is an advanced method used in biological research by collecting and analyzing
biological data using computer software and statistical techniques that accelerate biological research.

CQ Comprehensive Questions & Sample Answers from Previous Board Exams

01. “Nowadays people can also travel in driverless cars.”- Explain. [DB’23]
Ans: Nowdays, driverless cars also denote the use of artificial intelligence to drive cars.
We see a clear practical application of artificial intelligence in autodriving cars. Automatic cars without
drivers are called Self Driving Vehicles. Artificial intelligence is used to run autopilot mode in unmanned
vehicles or self-driving cars and airplanes. Moreover, Artificial Intelligence is used in Traffic Management
and Station Maintenance.

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02. Explain 'behavioral data'. [DB’23]
Ans: Biometrics uses two unique characteristics of a person for identification: physical data and behavioral
data.
Physiological Biometrics: This type of biometric technology contains:
(i) FingerPrint Scan
(ii) Vein & Vascular Scanning
(iii) Hand Geometry & Palm Recognition
(iv) Iris Scan
(v) Retina Scan
(vi) Face Recognition
(vii) Ear Authentication
(viii) DNA Test
Behaviorial Biometrics: This type of biometric technology contains:
(i) Signature Verification
(ii) Voice Recognition
(iii) KeyStroke Verification
(iv) Gait Cycle Analysis
03. ICT dependent production system is essential in building a developed country-Explain. [RB’23]
Ans: ICT dependent production system is essential in building a developed country.
Advanced technology has to be used to increase production. Tractors, better varieties of crop seeds, use of
better fertilizers and pesticides, proper storage of crops, better varieties of fry, fish feed etc.
are used for farming the land. Moreover, Computer Aided Design (CAD), Product Lifecycle Management
(PLM), RFId (Radio Frequency Identification) etc. information and communication Technology controlled
methods are being directly used in the industrial sector. Also ICT controlled systems and software are used
in Supply Chain Management and Optimization. In order to ensure the quality and durability of the products,
in the field of Quality Inspection Process (eg: Fabric inspection) automated management is used using ICT
which plays a huge role in building a developed country.
04. “Individuals can be identified through the use of technology”—Explain. [Ctg.B’23]
Ans: Biometrics is the technology used to uniquely identify an individual based on specific measurements
of structural features and characteristics of various body parts and behavioral characteristics.
Application of biometric technology in corpse identification, criminal identification, paternity or maternity
identification, national identity card, biometric passport, driving license, voter registration, ATM and online
banking, access control and presence detection, computer or mobile phone login, e-commerce and smart
cards etc. That is, through the use of technology, individuals can be identified.
05. Training is possible through simulators and modeling software.-Explain. [SB’23]
Ans: It is possible to provide realistic training by creating a training-related environment through modeling
software. This is the most realistic use of virtual reality.
Virtual reality is a computer-controlled system in which humans can interact with or perceive a
multidimensional sensory environment. Virtual reality creates an artificial environment similar to real life,
using simulators and modeling software. Virtual reality is used to achieve training in flying, driving
automobiles, ships, etc. In these cases, the environment (eg, airplane cockpit and airways, dangerous roads,
sea voyages, etc.) is created as needed. Virtual reality is also used in military training for war, astronaut
training for space missions.

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06. “The provision of medical treatment to patients at a distance is possible through information and
communication technology.” - Explain. [BB’23]
Ans: Telemedicine services are understood by the term.
The essence of telemedicine is to bring healthcare to people's doorsteps using information technology.
Telemedicine is relatively new in Bangladesh. However, Bangladesh has already made a lot of progress.
Medical services have been started through teleconference and video conference in various ward, union and
upazila level hospitals. Along with that, the patient test report sent by e-mail is monitored. Thousands of
patients' history, pathological reports can be stored in the online database file. From them various statistics
can be easily generated and the patient can be advised accordingly. Also, doctors can consult experienced
doctors in any country of the world if they want.
07. “Next world will be the world of nanotechnology.”- Explain. [BB’23]
Ans: The next world will be the world of nanotechnology.
The technology of changing molecules or atoms into nanoparticles in a special process to increase the
performance of a material is called nanotechnology. Due to the numerous benefits of nanotechnology,
everything we use in our daily life has started to be touched by nanotechnology. Nanotechnology is used in
food industry, textile industry, cosmetic industry, household accessories manufacturing, housing and
construction, medical field etc. It is also used in the electronics and electrical industry, to make hardware
for computers and other digital devices, as an anti-pollution and disinfectant, in the energy sector, in
communication and transportation, in the manufacture of sports equipment, and in the military.
08. “Hazardous work can be done with the help of machines”-Explain. [JB, CB’23]
Ans: The machine used in the hazardous work is a robot that acts as a human substitute.
Jobs that are dangerous or almost impossible for humans can be done by robots from a safe distance. E.g.-
In defusing mines and other explosives, searching under the sea, searching based for lost ships, use of toxic
and harmful chemicals or radio-active substances, fire fighting etc. Robots are sent instead of humans to
work in space travel (eg work on Mars), nuclear power plants, inside mines. Robots are used to avoid
accidents in heavy industries such as welding, construction, oil and gas extraction, steel and shipbuilding.
09. Which technology can produce mangoes throughout the year? Explain. [Din.B’23]
Ans: With the help of genetic engineering technology it is possible to produce mangoes throughout the year.
Editing the genome of an organism through biotechnology is called genetic engineering or genetic
modification. Genome is the genetic information of an organism. Genetic engineering involves altering an
animal's genetic make-up, sometimes by removing the animal's inherited DNA or by inserting DNA
produced outside the animal into the animal. Recombinant Nucleic Acid methods are used to create new
assemblies of inherited genetic material. New varieties of mangoes are produced by genetic modification of
mangoes. These mangoes can achieve desirable properties such as increased taste, freedom from seasonality etc.
10. Explain, “Treatment is possible at low temperatures.” [Din.B’23; Din.B’17; RB’16]
Ans: Treatment at low temperature is called cryosurgery.
Cryosurgery is a medical procedure that uses extremely cold temperatures to destroy abnormal and diseased
skin tissue.
Treatment using cryosurgery techniques is called cryotherapy. In cryotherapy, the temperature of tumor
tissue is reduced to -120°C to -165°C within 12 seconds. During this time, liquid argon gas is rapidly injected
into the tumor tissue by a cryoprobe or the tip of a needle.

27
 The extreme drop in temperature causes the cell water to freeze and the tissue turns into an ice block. Once
the tumor tissue is trapped inside the ice pack, its blood and oxygen supply is cut off. Because blood and
oxygen transport is not possible at -165°C. This results in tumor destruction in the coagulation state. Again,
the temperature of the tissue is raised from 20°C to 40°C by injecting helium gas into the tumor tissue
through a cryoprobe or needle tip. The frozen tumor tissue then thaws and the tissue is destroyed.
11. Explain the method of identifying individuals through behavior. [SB’19, BB’17, CB’16]
Ans: Biometrics enables identification of individuals based on behavioral characteristics.
In this case, the person is identified on the basis of voice recognition, signature verification and typing key
strokes. Each person's behavioral characteristics are unique. Due to which the data obtained by one can only
be found by that person. All these behavioral data are collected together and then only the behavioral data
provided by that person can be accessed.
12. Technology makes driving training possible – Explain. [DB, CB’19, Ctg.B’17]
Ans: It is possible to learn motorcycle driving at home through virtual reality. Virtual reality or VR is a
computer-controlled system in which through the application of modeling (Modelling) and simulation
(Simulation) people can connect or perceive the artificial multi-dimensional sensory environment. The
simulated environment in virtual reality can be exactly like the real world. In this case, real experience is
often obtained from virtual reality. That is, it is possible to train motor driving through VR.
13. Explain “The least invasive surgical procedure”. [Ctg.B’19, CB, Din.B’17, RB, Din.B’16]
Ans: The least invasive surgical procedure is cryosurgery. Cryosurgery is a medical procedure that uses
extremely cold temperatures to destroy abnormal and diseased skin tissue. Treatment using cryosurgery
techniques is called cryotherapy. Cryotherapy reduces the temperature of tumor tissue from −120° to
−165°C within 12 seconds. is brought to temperature. During this time liquid argon gas is rapidly injected
into the tumor tissue by a cryoprobe or the tip of a needle. Due to the extreme decrease in temperature, the
water in the cells freezes and the tissue turns into an ice block. Once the tumor tissue is trapped inside the
ice pack, its blood and oxygen supply are cut off. Because −165°C. Blood and oxygen transport is not
possible at temperature. This results in tumor destruction in the coagulation state. Also, the temperature of
the tissue is 20°C by releasing helium gas inside the tumor tissue with a cryoprobe or the tip of the needle.
is raised to 40°C. The frozen tumor tissue then thaws and the tissue is destroyed.
14. The world based on information technology is the global village – Explain. [RB’19]
Ans: Global Village is an environment where all the people of the world live in a single society and provide
services to each other through the use of electronic media and information technology.
That is, if we start living based on information technology, the whole world will come in our hands and we
will be able to live in the world village. So it can be said that the world based on information technology is
a global village.
15. Learning to drive at home is possible – Explain. [BB’19]
Ans: It is possible to learn driving at home through virtual reality. Virtual reality or VR is a computer-
controlled system in which through the application of modeling (Modelling) and simulation (Simulation)
people can connect or perceive the artificial multi-dimensional sensory environment. The simulated
environment in virtual reality can be exactly like the real world.

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16. What is data used in bioinformatics? Explain. [JB’19]
Ans: Data used in bioinformatics refers to biochemical analysis using computer software and statistical
techniques. Bioinformatics is the process of analyzing biological data using computer and statistical
techniques and conducting biological research using computer databases and algorithms. Data used in this
case are biological data, physical and chemical properties of soil in agriculture etc.
17. Artificial intelligence is a type of expert system-Explain. [All B’2018]
Ans: Artificial intelligence is the ability of computers to solve problems and adapt to complex situations
artificially. Expert system is an application of this. It is a computer system that combines human thinking
skills and problem-solving abilities. In this system, the computer is enriched with a huge store of information
called knowledge base. Answers can be found by asking questions on any specific subject in the knowledge
base. For this reason, artificial intelligence is created through programming using many high-powered
microprocessors and chips, which is known as Inference Engine. That is, expert system is a part of artificial
intelligence. In other words, AI is a kind of expert system.
18. Explain the technique of molecular level research. [DB’17]
Ans: Nanotechnology is the research technology at the molecular level.
When the molecules or atoms are changed in the form of nanometer scale or nanoparticle using special
technology or device to increase the performance of a material, then that technology is called
nanotechnology. There are two processes in the field of nanotechnology-
(i) Bottom Up: In this method big things are made from small things in tiny form.
(ii) Top Down: In this method, an object is cut down and given a specific shape.
19. Explain that information technology and communication technology complement each other. [RB’17]
Ans: Information technology is the application of any computer, database, networking, physical
components, infrastructure etc. with the help of which electronic data of any form is processed. And
maintaining the design and smooth operation of the communication system is the communication
technology. In other words, it is the job of information technology to ensure correct information at the time
of need. And this exchange of information is done through communication technology. Hence information
technology and communication technology complement each other.
20. It is possible to touch the imagination while standing in reality – Explain. [SB’17]
Ans: Using virtual reality, it is possible to touch the imagination while staying in reality.
From touching, hearing or seeing, a feeling is created in the human brain that we call reality. By using virtual
reality, it is possible to create an artificial environment with the help of several devices where people get a
true sense of reality. As a result, people can get the feeling of walking on the moon by using this virtual
reality without going to the moon. In this way, people can touch their imagination even by standing in reality.
21. “Machine works automatically”-Explain. [Ctg.B’16]
Ans: Machines work automatically using artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence teaches the machine
how to act in all possible situations. As a result, the machine can work automatically without human help.

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