)If ’log ?

If Lo9natural
)If less 0kogauthms
Yaised bethan :
hog CHAPTER-
lo9 Logarithm
the the
10L2342-
2
base table iS
0-234l0+ = base base de
is logauthm a
fined
othen based a=lo a=e
Ba5e, powethe i5 1:
e
fora
on L0
thon then Cexponential)
oy = G1
common napien
Vaiable positive ARI
e'or log thuough
which THM5
cvu
numben
(0logarithm thm Logcuni
, then
itmust is
thm
cale logarithmis areaten
muSt
basethe
be d
common thano
mentioned
called
o
 caled
TIntegral PQNt is
montissa
f ’ nactional pant called

t** Manti3sa is always p0sitive oY 0 bot can' th.

negat ive

Er) -3-9234 =loq b

Iog,5 -3 -0-234 ¬
but mantissa can nevei be ne qative

50, -3-0-2 34 -3-+I -02 34 = -4t0-766 V

= 4 +o-766

Note:
J tog..22 = 0-3010, log3 -0444|
2) No of digits = Chaacter istic + 1 = I+1

Eg)he t S = 3
both Sides
Iaking log to base i0 on

Lo9S =log 3

= 4 \09= 4 x 0-47 |

|+0-40 8 4

NO of digits in 3
3T- Ltl 2
 Jo

) Find. no-of digits in log (6)

:) (6) 30:5 log..3o9,
30 log.6-00
log,5 z lo96 E 30
X

23 43

= 30 y(0-#t31]: 3x?5|
23-343

Hene I 23, f= 0-343

o, no-of d×giti in 6°= e3+l = 24
PROPERTIES OF LOG

a
)a =) het a

Prcof: log, =t

) logo undefined 5) Log

) 109,
a
=0 6) lcg. mn = lo9,mtlc9,
m

4) logZ - ml09.2 Pro0f- het log,m:

ket log, = t.
m= -Ci) n a

mxn a1af
mt

dtß = log mn
l09 -mt = m log,2
n
lo9,mmtlo9, = loc
6o1

wbo bo-

bo1

(=6a1

(9)= -
 Y lo9 X

) x= a

y > log,

If base is If ba5e iSying

gYeate Y than 1 between 0<as|
then inequali ty then inequality
Tetains A
change s
1f o<asl

X <a
lo9, <y

logx >y
L09 a
X>a if as}
2 <a,ifa<a
a

FUNCT LONS:
L0 GARTH MIC
called logaithmetiC tunchon
y =fCx) = Lo9 i5

Whe as o X>0 but |

unction: f:Co, 0 R
For thmetc
logai co -domain
Domaini
Rcunge
 dekned
y=l09 9()
Find the valu of x fY which

-) 0f() >0, g(x) >0, a1)#|

q(1) condit ions

So, common vaue of x fox fCx) >a is amswlcommon

g(z) >0
9()#| Aoluhon)

))Find the vale ot z for which y- log C2-) is du hned

)y= log (I-)

(I1)
X+1>0 L#| |+|#|

Com mon 5olution of a l is

’ Sometime L09 contains no- 0f logS to de hae s0Ch

hunctions define each log stating rom left hand

Side

Eg) Find domain of unction y f(*) =l0g, log, 109, 2

A:) {(r) = log , lo9, 09 4

4 > log>o1 x>0

tog, log,?
X>4
4

50, XE (t00)
 ) Fin domain toY u 3
4

is duhne
A) f(): lo9, lo9 lo9

log lo9, >o log >0 2>0

lo92 <(
loq 4

S0, xE (l, 4)

GiAPH OF OG Clog)
i f a | =) ttis increasing unction
y= log, X )
Y=
Y=l09, X

egiteg, ytog,*
Y=2) =) y : I

Y =4) ) y= 2

decreasing unchon
if O<a< , tt is

Caph of y- l09,
nRAPH OF y- l0q X and y: ln

Tf x= l)y= 0

X= l0=) y= |

Side
if a and x ae same of 1 then Log is +ve

eg) Log9, 109 = 2 ) O

2

If a and x ies opposite side of 1then lcg is -ve

log fli) > log 9C1)

Cf a>l then fli) >g(x)

If o<a<) then f() < Ci)
) F ind the valu of

()(l095) (log,20) +(log,6) A

A)log ")(tog 20) +(o-s010)

(0

(lo9 0 - lo9](l09 10+ log, ] + 0 090601

= l - 0 3010)(1+ 03010) + 0:09060l
= (06990) (1·3010) + 0 09060| = 0946649 +090601 -089 300 =|

lo9. lo9.
()l09,15 3

Lo9 2 (2)4 =logo- 5 0-75

A} (096-15
(i)
|09 2 9 |093 lo95

2
A:) lo9 - 8

+ 32l09;,3lo925
(5) 2
+ -

2
lo9, 5
-(5) + 3
(o93
4 + 49-125 53-125 - -12.

+5

log 2 -lo9
+ 5

-2l0942 + 5 -(-)09,
44 2
lo9 2 log 5
+ 5 44
 3
lo9; 5
+ 3
log -çlo9_ lo9,

09,5 109, lo9, lo93

3 -5

blo9,)

) Prove that
+
) lo9 abc log abc log abc
Jab Vac

A:) log ab
Jab t lo9 be t log Jac
abc abc abc

= log Nabxacxbc = |:
Ja'b'e'- log abc :1:
abc abc abc

(1)(lo9 ,10) (lo9 s0) {log,5)C log,60)= 4

A:)\log, ) (log xo) - (log ) (log,16 xio) z
(lo9,5tlog,0)- (log o -lo9,2J(4tlog, oj
- (log 10)
-C log1o -1] (4 t09-9
[44
-(log ,o) C3+log,1o)
+4+ lo9
= 3l09 2 4\09,0
 Jlog ,a

Jto9b
Jlog,b x Jlogb
a
a
Jlogb

(a
(6)
log (a't) 3
2 atat|
(iv) (09,1 27 - 2

4 \09 a q a-)

a'+} 4 To 9, a -2a
09,2 1o9, -2a
A:) 3
lo9 -a -)
4 lo9,,4 - a -

4 - a - l - 2a a
4 -a tat )
C

a - a -)
L09 a' a

2
a -a-) - 2a -l (a
a'
)
- 2a -/
3

a?-a-l
)Solve the followtng equations
(41-3) 2
x(1-1) -i(7-3)-0
A:) 41-3 =
(1-)I-3) -0
?-47 +3=0
-37-1 +3 - 0

If base =1 then loq is not de hned

50)7 =3)

(i) log, (z-1) tlog (z-)) 3

A:) log (n 1)(73) 3
(7:) (a3) = 2 : 8
(4) (2)

Com paing ) X-=4 oY 1-3=2

By
X= 4 t|= 3+2=5

)log, o9, (a'-)

(2' -1) =0 (i) 4o9 -2- 3-0
A) loq, lo9 (z-)-6 (09,7 -21 -3-o
A:) 4o9
lo9 ('-)= 2°
- 2X - 3 0

2
(o9 - 27-3:0

x'-2 X-30 But xCannot

X-3X +-3 be-V

x(X-3)4I(7-3)0 Uy 3.
Ml 3
4)Solve the following equations
(W lo9, (4-2)
3

A:) log, (9-2) : 3-x 6+ (2)*

q-2=(2)
3 2
(2) q(2 )+S -0
2 X
,7-+Q+ s1- sC4)
2
9-2
2 C1)
8
2*= 8+ (2)*
+
2 X 2

) 2*= 16$-3 }
2-1
2= t , 2
2

) 2 oY 2= |
X = 3
WI0 and goes
90
denominator becomes
If X=3 then
Unde hned

L09

foyt
4:) to9,

L09+1
4

09 lo9 10 X- l09 Lo t Log,7

4
 1.0 -3i J9-44)()
l09..X+?= 4+4loq
10
4
2 C)
10 =-3tyatl6 2
4
Lo9 - -31 5
2
log .)- 44= -3l0g. x -3+5 -3-5
\o9,7 2 2
2
o96) t3l09.3 -4 =0 |log 1) - 4

X: 10'oY X: 10-f
-4

log5 +log (tI0) -I = loq.(21z -20) - log o(2a-1)

(ii) L0

A) log 5(z10) -lo9 (6 0g

5(X+I0) 2|X -20

I0 log 2 X -|

51+ 50. 11 -l0

|0 Ri-I

23524 - 140
(61t50) (ex-) = (21x-0)u0)
4
10%"-5 + 100X-50 - l0 -200
= 23 Ne89 -23l
10X+95% -50 = 2l01 -200
4 4

10 X -|51 + 150 0 = 23+l,23-|1

4 4
2X -23X +30 0
- 40
X: 23t J3-+(30)(1) 4 4

2(1)
5) Solve the folloying inequc
() log ( 3 ) e |

A)31 1 <S =) 3x -I < 5

>-
and 3 x->0 ) X
3X < 6 ) x <2

i) log (1 +) +l09,3 (1t) > 3

Cxt) (xt1) >3
A:) \09
3=27
(Z+)(X+) 2
(x +)Cxt1) 27
ket)Us hrs t hind

(1+)(x+?) =27 ) c9)C3) =27

1tl=3, X+1=9
By Com paing
(xt) 2
2= 2) So, fo (x+)

Xt1 >0
Al 50, Xt) >0 and

is >2
(Gmmon Solution for
i)log l09, (1':s) tl s0
-)
A) lo9 lo9, (z'4s) s
tog, (z'+5) ( )

lo9, (t5) 2 2
1'45 3-9 =) x24

X22 and x -2

Common solution is z 2 2 SD, Xe C?so)

6) 5olve the foll owing inequalties

()
lo9, (9-3*) -3

A)0x-I s lo9, C(4-3) -3 Let 3 = 10

N-lt3 s lo9, (9-3) 3

10

x+2 s lo9, (a-3-)

3x9 < q-3

3(1+9]9

3 10
-U) Iog
( -)

I-2 o 9- 2#|
A:) Hue OX-)0 Dr-5 >0
X> 2
X 3
X>5
2<I< 3

>>(-2)if x >3
| < - 2 ) if
x-5
K-5
X- =) X-| < X-5
I-| ) X-5
x-5
-|<--5 Wron9 50
-|)-5 V yey it is
POSSible that x>3 dounot ies between Zand ,

conditions Ys
Com mon solution of aU
So,x¬ (5)00)

(ii) l09 x (x'- **- 2x) < 3

A:) logx (xx*-2x)< 3
x-x*-2x > 0

x(x'-x-2) > 0
x-X -2 >0
So common 5olution
(x +) CX-2) > 0
-Y
2

XEC-S00) v(2,)'
20
dgits in 128 i5?
3010,then find no- of
) If l 9., 2 = 0
A:)
28
20
S 20x7)(0- 3010) = Lo9 5 I : 42
14X3-010 No of dig i
20 lo9 12$ = lo9 5 | logs - 42 +1=43,
= 42|40
log 2= Lo95
 z us in inten val
then
P If log,(X-2) >log (1-2)

9) If (2-3) = (o-23) =l000, then is

A) (e3) = (02 3)'=1000
1000
y = l09 I000
2-3 023

2·3
log 23 -log 0-23 lo9
O23
tO00 LO00 IQ00

log
1000

b) Find the value of 5

-log,o-1

5 +
 16)

io9 -1-3-2
o-5
4

X (0 5)

192

2) 1
109 44
|2
-to9,1Q2 xlo9, 2

og, 24 xloq. 46 2

(6t log,3) Y(2+l0g, i]

-(Siog, 3) (sel0g,?)-
lo) -12 -6 lg4,3+
15 ko4, Sloy,3

3k

: 100 lo9,, 3 100X

common solytions of I Satistyun g

) No of
Simultaneously the inequalities

Qnd -31
 4
4
4
yi--41
21
2(2)
4
+2 4q 1 4(2)E4) 49-
14-5-9 J'tlog -2l997
log -14 +1(l09 lo92 F516
2
lo90 Clol4 (logto +11) (i6 (loqo A:)
intquality fotlowin9 the Solve +)
2
 l09 4

9
2

(JEE ADVANCE
I5) If 3=4 then x :
2013)
A: 3= 44
on both sides
Apply og4
lo94 3: Log 4 4

x lo9, 3 = (-1) C1) = x-)

3

|-lo9,3
l6) Solve for a for = 3 e -(5") + (3*)
222
2
A:) 5
27
+ 5 t e.

(5)-13J: eCs
2
+ 3J

5 - 3

FoY = 5'-3'-2

So, solution is (x=])