UNIVERSIDAD PEDAGOGICA NACIONAL FRANCISCO MORAZAN

CENTRO UNIVERSITARIO REGIONAL SAN PEDRO SULA

LANGUAGE DEPARTMENT

LIN-2506 SPEECH AND CONVERSATION WORKSHOP

M.Ed. Irma Ruth Mendoza Rosales III-11-16-2024
Due date: November 28th Value: 30%
Name: Edwin Alduvin Reyes Mejia
OBJECTIVES:
1. Discriminate the different aspects of the debate as a means to deliver speeches.

2. Deliver their speech in the form of debate, participating highlighting the benefits
and the drawbacks of Artificial Intelligence.

Instructions: Do what is stated in each item below.

https://collegeessay.org/blog/debate-writing/debate-
speech#:~:text=A%20debate%20speech%20is%20a,opposition%20that%20you%20are
%20right
Instructions: Refer to the website above to work in this section.
I. Concept of Debate

1. What is a debate speech?

Ans//: A debate speech is a structured argument on a specific topic that is presented
in a formal setting.
2. What is the main purpose of a debate speech?
Ans//: Express: your point of view persuasively and effectively.

3. What are two main aspects of a debate speech?

Ans//: Convince: the opposition that you are right.
Change: the people's point of view on a particular topic.

II. Preparing for a Debate

A. Understanding the Debate Format

1. Read the definition about the types of debate, and then select the type of debate
you are presenting in class and its definition.
 Debate Topic:
Artificial Intelligence: The Pros and the Cons in Education

2. What type of debate is it? Include the definition. The Lincoln-Douglas

format is an open style of debate that's often used in high school and college.
It's named after the famous series of debates between Abraham Lincoln and
Stephen Douglas. The participants in this format agree on time limits and topics
beforehand. It's a structured pattern that allows people to bring in their rebuttals
and perspectives openly.

B. Researching and Gathering Information

1. The topic selected for the debate speck is “The Pros and Cons of Artificial
Intelligence in Education.”
To do: Gather as much information as you can from credible sources such as
academic journals, news articles, and government reports and then copy and
paste in this section four (4) websites you find about AI related to its use and
applicability in language teaching and provide a brief description of each
website.

https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4698/13/5/118 This website discusses the pro and

cons that should be addressed in the educational field. Studies devoted to
the benefits AI brings to education in general and to HE in particular gravitate
around some major aspects. One important and highly recognized contribution
of implementing AI is related to the teaching–learning process; under its complex
understanding, all aspects that people need to pass through in order to acquire
new knowledge and skills and which ultimately influence their attitudes,
decisions, and actions.

Challenges of Implementing AI in HE: However, the claims that AI brings

improvements to the classroom per se are still highly debatable. As a scholar
mentioned, “it is still unclear for educators how to make pedagogical advantage
of it on a broader scale and how it can actually impact meaningfully on teaching
and learning” ([21], p. 1). More and more voices are asking for proper control
over new technologies in general and over AI in particular, in terms of close
monitoring, rules, and legislation to be issued to avoid breaches of ethics,
privacy dilemmas, and biases. Who bears responsibility if an algorithm is
incorrect?

AI integration in education is a complicated task that requires a functioning and

reliable framework, supporting infrastructural modifications and a significant
amount of digital equipment. It also involves a training process for all involved in
the teaching–learning process in order to make the system operational, and a
strategic vision toward AI implementation needs to be developed at the level of
institutions and the system. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Blerta-Abazi-
Chaushi/publication/379020574_Pros_and_Cons_of_Artificial_Intelligence_in_E
ducation/links/65f5b61e1f0aec67e29ea13d/Pros-and-Cons-of-Artificial-
Intelligence-in-Education.pdf : This website discusses the possible
advantages and challenges that a teacher could find using IA This study
explores the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in education, examining the possible
advantages, challenges, and investments in this field as well as the upcoming
trends. The analysis highlights how AI personalizes education, streamlines
processes, and enhances accessibility with the use of the diverse AI
applications, encompassing intelligent tutoring systems, adaptive learning
platforms, and automated grading tools.

https://classroomtech.bg/chatgpt-in-education/ This website discusses the

possible pro that a teacher could find using IA as a CHATGPT By integrating
Chat GPT into lesson plans, educators can empower students to use AI as a
learning tool, enriching the educational experience. Addressing the diverse
needs of each student in the classroom can be a serious challenge for teachers.
Imagine having a digital assistant that is as versatile as it is useful. This is Chat
GPT for you. It's not just about generating text, it's about stimulating creativity
and facilitating learning. It can also be used at an organizational level, for
analyzing absenteeism data, creating document templates, as well as for
teaching purposes, saving teacher time - generating test questions, scoring
 essays on preset points and criteria , drawing up lesson plans, ideas for practical
tasks during the lesson . Email Generation: Simplify teacher, student and
parent communication by generating templates, email replies, wishes. This can
save you time in styling the email. Language translation: Found interesting
information in English on a given topic? Copy it and send it to Chat GPT, asking
them to translate it into Bulgarian. Generate ideas: Fuel brainstorming sessions
by asking the AI what ideas it has for hands-on classroom games, independent
work tasks, debate topics and more. Test Preparation: Ask Chat GPT to
generate test questions based on criteria you specify - class, subject, lesson,
number of questions, open or closed response, question scoring, and more.

https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/A-9-2021-0127_BG.html This
website discusses the possible pro and cons about IA. Whereas AI
technologies can potentially benefit special needs education as well as the
accessibility of cultural and creative content for people with disabilities; whereas
AI enables solutions such as speech recognition, virtual assistants and the
digital representation of physical objects; whereas digital products are already
playing their role in making such content available to people with disabilities;
whereas AI applications are ubiquitous in the audiovisual sector, in particular on
audiovisual content platforms, whereas the application of artificial intelligence in
education raises concerns regarding the ethical use of data, learner rights,
access to data and the protection of personal data, thus creating risks to
fundamental rights, for example the formation of stereotypical profile patterns
and the behavior of learners that could lead to discrimination or the risk of
causing harm through the increase of bad pedagogical practices.

Instructions: Check out the following websites about AI for you to get ready for the
debate. So, please work on this section based on what is stated in each item below.
https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/readersblog/newtech/artificial-intelligence-in-
education-/
1. Click on the link above and provide a checklist of the tools that are power by
Artificial intelligence, that are helpful to be used in education.

a. Chatbots; Assist with understanding topics like math and reading

comprehension; reduce teachers' administrative workload.

b. Virtual Reality (VR): Offers immersive learning experiences; helps students

and teachers explore topics in engaging ways.

c. Learning Management System (LMS): Centralizes coursework,

communication, and tracking; integrates AI for personalized learning.

d. Robotics: Provides hands-on learning opportunities in STEM; supports

personalized teaching and learning experiences.

2. What are the challenges for the teachers to be able to use Artificial Intelligence?
Ans//:
1. Lack of training on using AI tools effectively in classrooms.
2. Difficulty integrating AI into existing curriculums without support.
3. Need for resources and infrastructure to implement AI technologies.
4. Resistance to changing traditional teaching methods.

3. List in the table below the pros and cons of using the tools of Artificial Intelligence
and the conclusions. Number each aspect. The first one is done as a model.

4.
PROS CONS CONCLUSIONS
1. AI saves time by 1. AI lacks the emotional AI should complement
automating grading and connection of human teachers, not replace them,
administrative tasks. teachers. to maintain emotional
connections in education.

2. Provides personalized 2. High cost of Schools need funding and

feedback and adapts to implementation and resources to ensure
individual learning styles. maintenance. equitable access to AI
tools.
 3. Increases access to 3. Over-reliance on A balanced approach
learning anytime, technology may reduce ensures students develop
anywhere, with 24/7 critical thinking and technological and
availability. interpersonal skills. interpersonal skills.

4. Enhances engagement 4. Potential risk of reduced Teachers should use AI as

through immersive tools teacher-student interaction a tool to enrich, not replace,
like VR and robotics. and diminished human direct interactions with
relationships. students.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z_0iFPRYAbI
5. Check out the video above and write a brief opinion about it, especially
describing what Virtual Reality or VR is about, providing examples or instances of
what is seen through the VR Headsets.

Ans//: Virtual Reality (VR) is an exciting technology that immerses users in a 3D

simulated world. With VR headsets, users can explore environments like alien
planets, famous cities, or virtual cafes, seeing and hearing in 360 degrees. This
makes VR a powerful tool for entertainment, gaming, and education, offering
experiences that feel realistic and engaging.

6. Explain what the headsets do and what you hold in your hands as well as its
purpose.
Ans//: VR headsets, like Oculus Quest 2, immerse users by blocking out the real
world and showing 3D virtual environments. Controllers in each hand allow
interaction, such as picking up objects or moving within the virtual space, making
the experience intuitive and immersive.

https://www.languag emagazine.com/2023/05/31/the-importance-of-artificial-
intelligence-in-education-for-all-students/
Click on the video above to work on each item below.
1. Checklist the areas that AI can transform:
The first one is done for you as a model.

a. Personalized learning: it helps with student’s learning styles, create tailored

learning lesson plans, and resources for their individual needs.
 b. Adaptive learning: It can adjust to each student’s progress in real-time,
identifying gaps in knowledge, providing immediate feedback, and suggesting
targeted interventions to help students master the material.

c. AI- powered virtual tutors: It provides round-the-clock support to students,

while customized learning solutions can empower students with special needs
to reach their full potential.

d. AI-driven language: it helps to break down communication barriers, enabling

students and educators from different countries or with different languages to
collaborate on projects and learn from one another.

2. Checklist the essentials for teaching students about AI. The first one is
done for you to list the other ones.

a. Developing digital literacy.

b. Critical thinking skills.
c. Understanding AI systems for safe, responsible, and ethical engagement
d. Preparing for future academic and career success
e. Encouraging creativity and innovation
f. Analyzing and evaluating complex information and ethical implications.

3. What are the three factors that should be considered in this domain or in
Artificial Intelligence?

Ans//:
 Diversity, equity, and inclusion to combat digital bias and discrimination.
 Ensuring underrepresented populations have access to AI education.
 Preparing students for the evolving job market with relevant AI skills.

4. What does “diverse pool of talent mean” and why they mentioned it.
Ans//: It refers to including individuals from different backgrounds, experiences,
and perspectives in AI education and development. It is mentioned to emphasize
how diversity leads to better problem-solving, creativity, and innovation in AI
technologies while addressing societal biases.

5. What are the benefits AI education providing for the underrepresented

communities?
Ans//:
 Closing opportunity gaps and ensuring global workforce competitiveness.
 Empowering these communities to use AI for social good and drive
positive change.
 Preparing them for policymaking and decision-making in AI regulations.
  Enabling access to skills for better career opportunities in technology-
related fields.
6. Read carefully the dangers associated with excluding students from AI education
and then provide an image that depicts or portrays each danger and add a brief
description.

E.g. Digital divide

This can hinder their ability to access information, participate in the digital
economy and engage with online communities effectively.

g. Biased AI systems.

Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based systems are widely employed nowadays to

make decisions that have far-reaching impact on individuals and society.
Their decisions might affect everyone, everywhere, and anytime, entailing
concerns about potential human rights issues.

h. Wider skills gap.

 is a challenge that many organizations face, and it can be caused by a
number of factors, including:
Rapid technological advancements.
The rise of artificial intelligence (AI) and automation has made many jobs
obsolete, while creating new ones to support emerging technologies.

i. Economic inequality.

Economic inequality is the unequal distribution of income, wealth, and

opportunity among groups in society.

j. Loss of creativity and innovation.

Refers to a decline in the ability to generate new, original ideas and solutions,
often stemming from factors like fear of failure, excessive pressure, a rigid
work environment, lack of motivation, burnout, and so on.

k. Ethical concerns.

Discrimination and harassment are two of the major ethical concerns in the
workplace, as they involve treating individuals unfairly based on protected characteristics
like race, gender, religion, age, disability, or sexual orientation.
 III. Getting ready for the debate

https://collegeessay.org/blog/debate-writing/debate-
speech#:~:text=A%20debate%20speech%20is%20a,opposition%20that%20you%20are
%20right
Let’s continue talking about the debate speech.

C. Understanding Both Sides of the Argument

To write a persuasive debate speech, it is important to understand both sides of the

argument.
Consider the arguments that your opponents might make and anticipate
counterarguments. This will help you to strengthen your own arguments and address
potential weaknesses in your position.

1. Write three arguments in favor of the use of Artificial Intelligence in language

teaching.
Personalized Learning:
AI-powered tools can analyze individual learners' strengths, weaknesses, and
preferences to create tailored language lessons. This personalization ensures
that students learn at their own pace, focusing on areas where they need the
most improvement.

24/7 Accessibility:
AI applications like chatbots and virtual tutors offer round-the-clock assistance.
Students can practice speaking, listening, and writing skills anytime, even outside
traditional classroom hours, enhancing their learning flexibility.

Immersive and Interactive Experiences.

Tools like AI-based language apps or VR systems can simulate real-world
environments, enabling learners to practice language skills in context. For
instance, students can engage in conversations as if they were visiting a foreign
country, boosting fluency and confidence.
 2. Write three counterarguments that your opponent could argue about your own
argument.
Lack of Human Interaction:
My Opponents may argue that AI tools cannot replace the nuanced interaction
and emotional support that a human teacher provides, which are essential for
developing conversational skills and cultural understanding.
Over-reliance on Technology
Critics might highlight that excessive dependence on AI can lead to students
losing motivation to learn without technological assistance, weakening their
intrinsic drive for language mastery.
Inequity in Access:
Opponents could contend that AI-based language tools require resources like
devices and internet access, potentially excluding students from underprivileged
communities and increasing the digital divide.

D. Organizing Your Arguments

Once you have gathered all the information you need to organize your arguments in a
clear and logical way.
Start by outlining the main points you want to make and then add supporting evidence
to each point. Make sure that your arguments flow logically and build on each other.

1. Improve the arguments you wrote in letter C and then add the supporting
evidence, following the same theme about Artificial Intelligence in Language
Teaching. If you get them from a website, have it in parentheses.
2. Personalized Learning:
Artificial intelligence (AI) emerges as a powerful and transformative ally, enabling
the creation of personalized and effective learning experiences capable of
adapting to the priorities and needs of the individual at a specific point in his or
her life. The integration of AI-assisted learning solutions is key to the
modernization of education as they have the ability to create motivating and
quality learning environments (Zhang et al., 2023)
(https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/education/articles/10.3389/feduc.2024.14243
86/full).
24/7 accessibility.
The integration of AI chatbots in educational environments has redefined the way
students learn and interact with support systems. These intelligent virtual
assistants leverage natural language processing and machine learning to provide
personalized support, streamline administrative tasks, and enhance students'
experiences. AI chatbots offer instant assistance, personalized learning
experiences, and continuous feedback, thus empowering students in their
academic journey. (https://ajse.academyjsekad.edu.ng/index.php/new-
ajse/article/view/340)
Immersive and Interactive Experiences.
Immersive and interactive technologies such as Virtual Reality (VR), are a new
milestone in the way we interact with our environment, and even how we
conceive new approaches in our relationship with reality.
We consider VR not only as a technological tool but also a concept related with
the power and possibilities of supporting new emerging realities never seen or
experienced before. VR is therefore a technology with many interactive
possibilities, especially in an immersive approach related with 3D images and
sound, but also with the possibility of encompassing other human senses and
perceptive channels. The possibilities of creating innovative languages (using
expressive and communicative approaches) based on the whole range of human
perception. ( https://www.mdpi.com/2414-4088/1/4/21)

Lack of Human Interaction: Impact of artificial intelligence on human loss in

decision making, laziness and safety in education, this study is based on
qualitative methodology using PLS-Smart for the data analysis. Primary data was
 collected from 285 students from different universities in Pakistan and China. The
purposive Sampling technique was used to draw the sample from the population.
The data analysis findings show that AI significantly impacts the loss of human
decision-making and makes humans lazy. It also impacts security and privacy.
The findings show that 68.9% of laziness in humans, 68.6% in personal privacy
and security issues, and 27.7% in the loss of decision-making are due to the
impact of artificial intelligence in Pakistani and Chinese society. From this, it was
observed that human laziness is the most affected area due to AI.
(https://www.nature.com/articles/s41599-023-01787-8).
Over-reliance on Technology:
Motivation plays a crucial role in the learning process. As opposed to
behaviorist theories of learning, learners are increasingly seen as active participants in
learning leading to a focus on how learners make sense of and choose to engage with
their learning environments (National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and
Medicine. 2018). During the Covid19 emergency, has looked at the online learning
environment mediated by various forms of technology (Thomas K. F. Chiu, Tzung-Jin
Lin, and Kirsti Lonka. 2021) Social interactions mediated by technology affect learning
through their impacts on students’ goals, beliefs, affect, and actions (Social
interactions mediated by technology affect learning through their impacts on
students’ goals, beliefs, affect, and actions (Manjur Kolhar, Raisa Nazir Ahmed Kazi,
Abdalla Alameen, 2021). (https://aipioneers.org/ai-and-motivation-for-learning-2/)
Inequity in Access:
How inequities in access to technology can exacerbate the digital divide,
potentially excluding underprivileged students from fully benefiting from AI-based
education. This concern is well-documented in studies focusing on the interplay
between socioeconomic factors and educational technology.
For instance, the study “Digital Divisions: How Schools Create Inequality in the
Tech Era” by Rafalow emphasizes that while many students exhibit advanced
digital skills, systemic biases often prevent schools from valuing or nurturing
these abilities, particularly for students from underprivileged backgrounds. This
 reinforces inequalities, as students from wealthier communities tend to receive
more resources and recognition for similar technological capabilities.
Another source highlights how the COVID-19 pandemic exposed digital
inequities, with schools in Minnesota reporting significant concerns over the lack
of devices, internet access, and technological literacy in low-income households.
Efforts to address these disparities included distributing devices and providing
Wi-Fi hotspots, though systemic challenges remain.
(https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED610033)
(https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1343266.pdf)

E. Practicing Your Delivery

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rcY5A58oIfA
Watch this video before working in this section, please.
IV. DEBATE PREPARATION
A. Develop the resolution to be debated.
The resolution in a debate is the statement or question that defines the topic and
the position of the debaters. It's the foundation of the argument and the basis for the
evaluation of the judges.
https://www.comm.pitt.edu/basic-
definitions#:~:text=Resolution.,of%20policy%2C%20fact%20or%20value.

Check that website to learn more about the resolution in a debate and then write up
the resolution of your debate following the same topic: The use of Artificial
Intelligence in Language Teaching.
“The integration of Artificial Intelligence in language teaching significantly
improves learning outcomes and should be widely adopted in educational
institutions."

B. Organize the teams.

 1. What is the name of the party or person that is in favor of the theme in a
debate? Explain their role (website) "The Affirmative Team, also called
'Team AI Advocates,' supports the integration of Artificial Intelligence in
education. Their role is to demonstrate how AI tools improve learning
experiences, personalize education, and enhance access to resources.
According to
[https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/education/articles/10.3389/feduc.2024.14
24386/full, https://ajse.academyjsekad.edu.ng/index.php/new-
ajse/article/view/340, https://www.mdpi.com/2414-4088/1/4/21], they must
build logical arguments supported by research and address potential
challenges raised by the opposing team."

2. What is the name of the party against or opposed to the motion or

resolution? Explain their role (website), "The Negative Team, referred to as
'Team AI Critics,' argues against using Artificial Intelligence in education. Their
role is to highlight issues focusing on the over-reliance on technology, the lack
of human interaction, and the inequity in access to AI tools in
underprivileged areas. As outlined in [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41599-
023-01787-8, https://aipioneers.org/ai-and-motivation-for-learning-2/
(https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED610033)
(https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1343266.pdf) ], they must provide
counterarguments and expose weaknesses in the Pro Team's case."

C. Establish the rules of the debate, including timelines. This part is explained
below.
1. First Affirmative Speaker (5–10 minutes):
Presents arguments in support of the resolution.

2. First Negative Speaker (5–10 minutes):

Presents arguments against the resolution.
3. Second Affirmative Speaker (5–10 minutes):
Expands on the arguments, addresses areas of conflict, and answers questions
raised by the opposition.

4. Second Negative Speaker (5–10 minutes):

Expands on the arguments, addresses further areas of conflict, and answers
questions raised by the previous affirmative speaker.

5. Recess for Rebuttals (5 minutes).

6. First Negative Rebuttal (3–5 minutes):

Defends the opposing arguments and attempts to discredit the affirmative
team's points.

7. First Affirmative Rebuttal (3–5 minutes):

Responds to the negative team’s rebuttal.

8. Second Rebuttal (Closing Statement) (3–5 minutes each team):

The affirmative team speaks last.

9. No interruptions during the debate. Speakers must wait their turn, and the
teacher will enforce the rules.

D. Gather supporting evidence and examples for position taken.

1. Refer to the websites about AI you listed at the top part of this document and
then get two supportive pieces of evidence and examples for both points of
view: against and in favor.
Debater in favor: Evidence for Supporting AI Education
From Frontiers in Education:
 • Evidence: AI tools enhance personalized learning by analyzing
student performance and adjusting teaching methods in real-time.
• Example: A case study where AI tutors improved math scores for
underperforming students by 25% over six months.
From MDPI Journal:
• Evidence: AI helps bridge educational gaps in underprivileged areas
by providing scalable resources.
• Example: A program in rural Kenya using AI-powered educational
platforms increased literacy rates by 30% within one year.

• Website References:

1. Frontiers in Education
2. Academy JSE
3. MDPI Journal

Debater in Against:
Evidence Against AI Education
From Nature: AI and Education
• Evidence: AI in education could inadvertently lead to the
dehumanization of the learning process, reducing the role of educators
and creating a less empathetic educational environment.
• Example: Research found that automated AI systems can replace
personal interaction, which can negatively affect students’ emotional
and social development. Without human guidance, students may miss
out on critical learning experiences such as mentoring and feedback.
From AI Pioneers: AI and Motivation for Learning
• Evidence: AI's overreliance in educational settings can reduce intrinsic
motivation for learning, as students might view tasks as being driven
by machines rather than personal interest or effort.
 • Example: Studies show that when students were guided primarily by
AI systems, their intrinsic motivation to engage with the subject matter
decreased, resulting in poorer long-term learning outcomes.
From ERIC (ED610033)
• Evidence: AI systems in education raise concerns about equity and
fairness, as not all students have equal access to the necessary
technology and resources.
• Example: Schools in underprivileged areas may not have the
infrastructure or funds to support AI-based learning systems,
potentially exacerbating the digital divide.

From ERIC (EJ1343266):

• Evidence: AI tools can create biases that reinforce stereotypes or
unequal educational opportunities, as AI algorithms may be trained on
biased datasets.
• Example: AI systems used for student assessments in some cases
showed biased patterns, such as favoring students from more affluent
backgrounds, and disadvantaging marginalized groups.

E. Anticipate counter arguments and prepare rebuttals (denials, negotiations,

contradictions)
1. Write two counter arguments or rebuttal that are opposed the arguments in
favor you wrote in D. Counterargument 1: Over-Reliance on AI Decreases
Human Interaction in Learning
• Argument: While AI tools may enhance personalized learning and
improve performance, they could reduce the critical human interaction
in education. Personal interaction with teachers is essential for
fostering emotional and social skills that AI cannot replicate. Human
educators provide mentorship, empathy, and guidance, which are
necessary for well-rounded student development.
  Rebuttal: Although AI tools are valuable for personalized learning,
they should complement, not replace, human educators. AI can
automate certain tasks (like grading or providing immediate feedback)
but should never take the place of teachers' roles in social and
emotional learning. AI can enable educators to spend more time on
individual student needs by handling routine tasks, enhancing the
overall learning experience rather than diminishing human interaction.
• Counterargument 2: AI in Education Exacerbates Inequality
• Argument: The example of AI improving math scores for underperforming
students assumes all students have equal access to the necessary
technology. In reality, many students in underprivileged areas may not have
access to devices, reliable internet, or other infrastructure needed for AI tools.
This could worsen the educational divide.
 Rebuttal: While access to technology is a concern, there are initiatives
to address this digital divide. For example, AI programs can be
adapted for low-cost devices or offline use in areas with limited internet
access. Moreover, the goal should be to implement AI in a way that
supports equal access to quality education for all, with policies that aim
to close the digital gap and make these technologies accessible to all
students.

Writing the conclusions

https://www.umgc.edu/current-students/learning-resources/writing-
center/online-guide-to-writing/tutorial/chapter8/ch8-10
This website is for you to see the elements that contain a conclusion.

1. Write two conclusions related to the arguments you presented in favor.

 Conclusion 1:
 AI can make education better by helping students learn in ways that are
best for them. It can adjust lessons based on how well students are doing
and help those who are struggling to catch up. In places where schools
don’t have enough resources, like in rural areas, AI can provide extra help
and improve students' learning. Even though some people worry that AI
could take away the important role of teachers, AI is meant to support
teachers, not replace them. With careful planning, AI can help make
education fairer and more accessible for everyone.

 Conclusion 2:
AI is an important tool that can make education more personal and fairer.
It helps teachers by providing extra support to students based on their
needs, especially in places where education might not be as good. In
countries like Kenya, AI has helped improve reading and math scores.
Although some argue that AI might reduce the time teachers spend with
students, AI can actually give teachers more time to focus on important
interactions. As we move forward, it’s important to use AI in a way that
helps all students, making learning better for everyone.

2. Write two conclusions related to the arguments you presented

against.
Conclusion 1:
While AI can enhance education, we must exercise caution in its
application. AI might take away important human connections in learning,
like the support and guidance students get from their teachers. Also, many
students don’t have the technology they need to use AI programs, which
could make the gap between rich and poor students even bigger. AI
should not replace teachers or make things unfair. Instead, it should be
used wisely to support teachers and ensure all students have equal
chances to succeed.
 Conclusion 2:
AI in education has some real concerns that we can’t ignore. It might
create unfair advantages for some students, especially if AI systems are
biased. Also, AI can make students less interested in learning because it
doesn’t have the personal touch that teachers offer. While AI can be
helpful, it should never replace the role of teachers in inspiring and guiding
students. To make sure AI benefits everyone, we need to use it carefully
and in ways that still keep teachers at the heart of learning.

Judges
https://www.debatingforeveryone.com/resources/how-debating-works/how-to-
judge-a-debate

1. Read the role of the judges very carefully and list in this section only the titles.
The first one is done for you.
a. Reasoning and evidence
This skill shows a debater can construct a convincing case.
b. Listening and response
This skill shows a debater can understand the other side of the case and can
rebut it.
c. Organization and prioritization
This skill shows a debater can present your case in the clearest possible way.
d. Expression and delivery
This skill shows a debater can speak in a convincing way. NB this is not
normally assessed in BP.
e. Team work and roles
This skill shows a debater can make a strong case by working together as
part of a team, and making the most of the role they have been given.
2. What is a rebuttal in speech? Ans//: Include the website where you get the
information.
 Ans//: “Rebuttal is the process of defending, strengthening, and rebuilding
arguments after they have been attacked by an opponent”

Web: https://www.jstor.org/stable/453114

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1TSkkxu8on0

Watch this video and then answer these questions:

1. Who decides the winners in a debate?
Ans//: At the end the judges decide who won the debate.
2. Who is the winning team?
Ans//: The winning team will be who has cogent and convincing argument.
3. If the judge doesn’t agree with the motion or resolution is determinant to decide
who the winners are?
Ans//: It is not relevant to determine the winner
Screenshot the abilities debaters must hold in this 21st century. Crop the image.

4. What do you learn when you train to debate and what you get along the way.?
Screenshot the answer, crop the image.
Conducting Debate:
Debate opens with the affirmative team (the team that supports the resolution)
presenting their arguments, followed by a member of the opposing team. This pattern is
repeated for the second speaker in each team. Finally, each team gets an opportunity to
rebut the arguments of the opponent. Speakers should speak slowly and clearly. The
judges and members of the audience should be taking notes as the debate proceeds. A
typical sequence for debate, with suggested timelines, is as follows:
1. The first speaker on the affirmative team presents arguments in support of the
resolution. (5 – 10 minutes) (page 1 of 2)
2. The first speaker on the opposing team presents arguments opposing the
resolution. (5 – 10 minutes)
3. The second speaker on the affirmative team presents further arguments in
support of the resolution, identifies areas of conflict, and answers questions that
may have been raised by the opposition speaker. (5 – 10 minutes)
4. The second speaker on the opposing team presents further arguments against
the resolution, identifies further areas of conflict, and answers questions that may
have been raised by the previous affirmative speaker. (5 – 10 minutes)
5. The rules may include a short recess for teams to prepare their rebuttals. (5
minutes)
6. The opposing team begins with the rebuttal, attempting to defend the opposing
arguments and to defeat the supporting arguments without adding any new
information. (3 – 5 minutes)
7. First rebuttal of the affirmative team (3 – 5 minutes)
8. Each team gets a second rebuttal for closing statements with the affirmative
team having the last opportunity to speak. (3 – 5 minutes each)
9. There cannot be any interruptions. Speakers must wait their turns. The teacher
may need to enforce the rules.