IELTS READING

TEACHER: HOAI DUONG

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BÀI 1. CÁCH TÌM TỪ KHÓA

I. TÙ KHÓA KHÔNG BIẾN ĐỔI
◆ tên người:
Frederick realised the potential of potato but he had to handle the against
potatoes from ordinary people.
◆ địa danh:
The water levels in the Toiro River are falling because of .
◆ từ/cụm từ học thuật:
The Ants, describes a supercolony of the ant Formica yessensis on the Ishikari
Coast of Hokkaido.
◆ Từ/cụm từ được đặt trong ngoặc nháy hay được in nghiêng/đậm:
Who is the person that first used the word ‘secrendipity’?
◆ Số*: in 1780

II. TÙ KHÓA BIẾN ĐỔI

1. Đồng nghĩa

Trong câu hỏi Trong bài văn

enough sufficient

10 years a decade

30% about a third

50% half

2. Bị động – Chủ động

The government should invest money in education

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→
3. Thay đổi thể loại từ
He decided to visit his relatives last week.

4. Thay đổi trật tự từ trong câu

English is one of the compulsory subjects in school.

III. CÁC BƯỚC ĐI TÌM TỪ KHÓA

1. Tea and beer both helped to prevent dysentery in Britain.

2. Roy Porter disagrees with Professor Macfarlane’s findings.

3. After 1740, there was a reduction in population in Britain.

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BÀI 02. CÁCH ĐOÁN NGHĨA TỪ MỚI

PP1. DỰA VÀO TỪ LOẠI

• Ex 1. Authority doesn’t have to inhibit innovation but it often does.

• Ex 2. She liked to wear red and always wore jewelry made of carnelian.

PP 2. DỰA VÀO 1 SỐ CẤU TRÚC

a) Dấu câu

• Ex 1. Nicotine, a colorless drug in tobacco, stains the teeth of chain smokers.

• Ex 2. The soldiers advanced down the small deep-sided gulch (a narrow valley) into an
ambush.

• Ex 3. Metamemory - knowledge about one's memory processes - is helpful in helping

us store and recall information.

b) Từ vựng giải thích nghĩa

• Ex 1. A souk is an open-air marketplace in North Africa.

•
• Ex 2. Criterion means a standard or rule.

c) Cấu trúc tương phản

• Ex 1. My sister is extremely neat in appearance, while she is slovenly in her

housekeeping.

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• Ex 2. On the one hand, it has some benefits. On the other hand, it has many major
drawbacks.
d) Cấu trúc tương đồng

• Ex 1. Birds are oviparous; similarly, fish and reptiles lay eggs that hatch outside of the
body.

• Ex 2. Taking out the garbage was an onerous task; likewise, washing dishes can be a
hard job.

e) Cấu trúc thể hiện ví dụ

• Ex 1. Potentates such as kings, queens, and emperors are very powerful and wealthy
people.

• Ex 2. Canines, such as collies, pugs, and poodles, are good pets.

PP3. DỰA VÀO TIỀN TỐ, HẬU TỐ

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Tiền tố Nghĩa Ví dụ

Anti- chống đối, kháng lại Antifan, antivirus

Co- Cùng với, hợp tác Co-worker (đồng nghiệp)

de Giảm Devalue (làm giảm giá trị)

dis Trái nguợc, không Disagree (không đồng ý)

illegal (không hợp pháp), impossible (không thể),

il-, im-, in,
không insufficient (không đủ), irregular(không thuờng xuyên),
ir-, -un
unread (không đuợc đọc)

mis- sai Misunderstand (hiểu sai)

non- không Non-smoking (không hút thuốc)

over- Hơn, quá mức Overuse (sử dụng quá mức)

under- Kém/thấp hơn/chua Undercooked (chua chín)

multi- Đa,đa dạng Multi-cultural (đa văn hóa)

Hұu tố Nghĩa Ví dụ

Nguời hay vật làm 1 hành

-er, -or Teacher, cooker, inventor
động/nhiệm vụ cụ thể

-ism Chủ nghĩa, đạo

Nguời hay vật làm 1 hành

-ist Scientist (nhà khoa học)
động/nhiệm vụ cụ thể

-able, -ible Có khả năng, có thể Understandable (có thể hiểu đuợc)

-less không Harmless (không có hại)

-ward, - Towards (về phía truớc), backwards (về phía

Phuơng huớng
wards sau)

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BÀI 03. SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

Freya Stark, explorer and writer
Freya Stark travelled to many areas of the Middle East, often alone. Freya Stark was an
explorer who lived during a time when explorers were regarded as heroes. Stark was born in
Paris in 1893. Although she had no formal education as a child, she moved about with her
artist parents and learned French, German and Italian.She entered London University in
1912, but at the start of World War I, she joined the nurse corps and was sent to Italy. After
the war, she returned to London and attended the School of Oriental Studies.

Her studies there led to extensive travel in the Middle Studies, enabling her to eventually
become fluent in Persian, Russian and Turkish. Stark became well known as a traveller and
explorer in the Middle East. She travelled to the Lebanon in 1927 at the age of 33 when she
had saved enough money, and while there, she studied Arabic.

In 1928, she travelled by donkey to the Jebel Druze, a mountainous area in Syria. During
another trip, she went to a distant region of the Elburz, a mountain range in Iran, where she
made a map. She was searching for information about an ancient Muslim sect known as the
Assassions, which she wrote about in Valley of the Assassins (1934), a classic for which she
was awarded a Gold Medal by Royal Geographic Society. For the next 12 years, she
continued her career as a traveller and writer, establishing a style which combined an account
of her journey with personal commentary on the people, places, customs, history and politics
of the Midle East.

Answer the questions with NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER
1. What word did people use to describe explorers when Stark was alive?
2. What historical event interrrupted Stark’s university education?
3. What did Stark produce while travelling in Iran, in addition to a book?

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BÀI 04. SENTENCE COMPLETION

The Burden of Thirst
If the millions of women who haul water long distances had a faucet by their door, whole
societies could be transformed.
A. Binayo dropped out of school when she was eight years old, in part because she had
to help her mother fetch water from the Toiro River. The water is dirty and unsafe to
drink; every year that the ongoing drought continues, the once mighty river grows more
exhausted. But it is the only water Foro has ever had.

B. Nearly 900 million people in the world have no access to clean water. Furthermore, 2.5
billion people have no safe way to get rid of human waste. Polluted water and lack of
proper hygiene cause disease and kill 3.3 million people around the world annually,
most of them children.

C. Communities where clean water becomes accessible and plentiful are transformed. All
the hours previously spent hauling water can be used to cultivate more crops, raise
more animals or even start a business. Families spend less time sick or caring for
family members who are unwell.

Complete the sentences. Write NO MORE THAN ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for
each answer.

1. The water levels in the Toiro River are falling because of …………………………..
2. Globally, the number of people who die each year as a result of using dirty water is
…………………………..
3. When families have clean water, they can spend more time growing
…………………………..

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BÀI 05. SUMMARY COMPLETION

Example 1.
Sleep helps reduce errors in memory
Study participants were ‘trained’ by being shown or listening to lists of words. Then, twelve
hours later, they were shown individual words and asked to identify which words they had
seen or heard in the earlier session. One group of students was trained at 10 a.m. and tested
at 10 p.m. after the course of a normal sleepless day . Another group was trained at night and
tested twelve hours later in the morning, after about six hours of sleep. Three experiments
were conducted . In each experiment, the results showed that students who had slept did not
have as many problems with false memory and chose fewer incorrect words.

Complete the summary using the list of words and phrases, A – J, below
Fenn's Memory Experiments
The groups in the study saw or heard lists of words at (1)… ....... times of the day. After
(2)… hours, the groups tried to identify these words correctly in a test. Before the test, one
group had (3)……sleep and chose the words in the evening. The other group has their test in
the morning.
In three experiments, the results were (4)……: the group that had slept during the experiment
remembered (5)……words correctly than the other groups.
A. more
B. complex
C. 12
D. six
E. less
F. ten
G. different
H. no
I. fewer
J. the same

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Example 2.
The discovery of penicillin.
The discovery of penicillin is attributed to Scottish scientist Alexander Fleming. Fleming
recounted that the date of his breakthrough was on the morning of September 28, 1928. It
was a lucky accident: in his laboratory in the basement of St. Mary's Hospital in London,
Fleming noticed a petri dish containing Staphylococcus culture that he had mistakenly left
open. The culture had become contaminated by blue-green mould, and there was a halo of
inhibited bacterial growth around the mould. Fleming concluded that the mould was releasing
a substance that was repressing the growth of the bacteria. He grew a pure culture and
discovered that it was a Penicillium mould, now known to be Penicillium notatum. Fleming
coined the term "penicillin" to describe the filtrate of a broth culture of the Penicillium mould.

Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.

Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin by on September 28, 1928. He found that

the growth of bacteria on a petri dish was by a blue-green mould that had contaminated
the culture. He realised that the mould was producing a substance that was responsible for
bacterial growth.

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BÀI 06. TABLE/ FLOW CHART COMPLETION

The world's friendliest city
A. A team of social psychologists from California has spent six years studying the reactions of
people in cities around the world to different situations. The results show that cities where
people have less money generally have friendlier populations. Rio de Janeiro in Brazil,
which is often known for its crime, comes out top, and the capital of Malawi, Lilongwe, comes
third.

B. They carried out a study into the way locals treated strangers in 23 cities around the world.
The team conducted their research through a series of tests, where they dropped pens or
pretended they were blind and needed help crossing the street.

C. The study concludes that people are more helpful in cities with a more relaxed way of
life such as Rio. While they were there, researchers received help in 93 percent of cases, and
the percentage in Lilongwe was only a little lower. However, richer cities such as Amsterdam
and New York are considered the least friendly. Inhabitants of Amsterdam helped the
researchers in 53 percent of cases and in New York just 44 percent. The psychologists found
that, in these cities, people tend to be short of time, so they hurry and often ignore strangers.

Now complete the table. Choose ONE word from the passage for each answer.

% of help
City Positive aspects Negative aspects
received
• People don’t have so
• Friendly inhabitants
Rio de much (2)……….
• More 93%
Janeiro • Has reputation for
(1)… ............. lifestyle
(3)……………….
• People have little Amsterdam:
Amsterdam
(4)….. 53%
and New richer
• Don’t pay attention to New York:
York
(5)….. 44%

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Freya Stark, explorer and writer

Stark was born in Paris in 1893. Although she had no formal education as a child, she moved
about with her artist parents and learned French, German and Italian. She entered London
University in 1912, but at the start of World War I, she joined the nurse corps and was sent to
Italy. After the war, she returned to London and attended the School of Oriental Studies.

Her studies there led to extensive travel in the Middle Studies, enabling her to eventually
become fluent in Persian, Russian and Turkish. Stark became well known as a traveller and
explorer in the Middle East. She travelled to the Lebanon in 1927 at the age of 33 when she
had saved enough money, and while there, she studied Arabic .

In 1928, she travelled by donkey to the Jebel Druze, a mountainous area in Syria. during
another trip, she went to a distant region of the Elburz, a mountain range in Iran, where she
made a map. She was searching for information about an ancient Muslim sect known as the
Assassins, which she wrote about in Valley of the Assassins (1934), a classic for which she
was awarded a Gold Medal by Royal Geographic Society.

For the next 12 years , she continued her career as a traveller and writer, establishing a style
which combined an account of her journey with personal commentary on the people, places,
customs, history and politics of the Middle East.

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Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each
answer.

Freya Stark
Born in Paris in 1893

First formal education at (1)………………………..

Worked as a (2) .......................................in Italy

Studied at School of oriental Studies

Travelled to the Lebanon where she learned (3) ………………………..

Made a journey to the Syrian mountains on a (4) ………………………..

In 1934 won a (5) ....................................... for a book

Spent a further (6) ....................................... in the Middle East.

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BÀI 07 - PLAN/ MAP/ DIAGRAM COMPLETION

The electric revolution
A. The plan is simple but revolutionary. It starts with the installation of a home charge point,
and through this, the vehicle will be plugged into the electricity grid whenever it is in the
garage, typically at night. In the morning, with the fully charged battery, the car is capable of
as much as 160 km in urban motoring conditions. In addition to the home charge point, the
battery can be topped up by charge point at work and at supermarkets.

B. The battery is linked to a control centre by smart technology inside the vehicle. Better
Place can then ensure that the car is charged with electricity from renewable sources at the
cheapest price. For longer trips, a navigation system directs the driver to the nearest switch
station, where the depleted battery can be replaced with a charged one by a robot within a
couple of minutes.

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BÀI 08. TRUE/ FALSE/ NOT GIVEN – YES/ NO/ NOT GIVEN
Read the following passage about "mass media".
In the late 20th century, mass media could be classified into eight mass media industries:
books, the Internet, magazines, movies, newspapers, radio, recordings, and television. The
explosion of digital communication technology in the late 20th and early 21st centuries gave
rise to the question: what forms of media should be classified as "mass media"? For example,
it is controversial whether to include cell phones and video games in the definition.
Each mass medium has its own content types, creative artists, technicians, and business
models. For example, the Internet includes blogs, podcasts, web sites, and various other
technologies built atop the general distribution network. Internet and mobile phones are often
referred to collectively as digital media, and radio and TV as broadcast media. Some argue
that video games have developed into a distinct mass form of media, in the sense that they
provide a common experience to millions of people across the globe and convey the same
messages and ideologies to all their users.
Are the statements below true, false or not given?
1 In the 21st century, it is widely accepted that there are now more than eight mass
media industries.
2 Digital media can be subdivided into various content types.
3 Video games are the newest mass media platform.

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“All our life, so far as it has definite form, is but a mass of habits,” William James wrote in
1892. Most of the choices we make each day may feel like the products of well-considered
decision making, but they’re not. They’re habits. And though each habit means relatively little
on its own, over time, the meals we order, what we say to our kids each night, whether we
save or spend, how often we exercise, and the way we organize our thoughts and work
routines have enormous impacts on our health, productivity, financial security, and happiness.
One paper published by a Duke University researcher in 2006 found that 40 percent or more
of the actions people performed each day weren’t actual decisions, but habits.
Do the statements below agree with the ideas expressed by the author? Write YES, NO
or NOT GIVEN.
4 The majority of choices we make on a daily basis are conscious decisions.
5 Saving money is the key to financial security.
6 Habits account for at least 40 percent of the things we do each day.

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BÀI 09. MATCHING FEATURES

Here today, gone tomorrow
A. In addition, it seems that a high number of visitors return to the poles. ‘ Looking at six
years’ worth of data, of the people who have been to the polar regions, roughly 25 percent go
for a second time ,’ says Louisa Richardson, a senior marketing executive at tour operator
Exodus.

B. Although polar tourism is widely accepted, there have been few regulations up until
recently. At the meeting of the Antarctic Treaty in Baltimore, the 28 member nations adopted
proposals for limits to tourist numbers. These included safety codes for tourist vessels in
Antarctic waters, and improved environmental protection for the continent. They agreed to
prevent ships with more than 500 passengers from landing in Antarctica, as well as limit the
number of passengers going ashore to a maximum of 100 at any one time, with a minimum of
one guide for every 20 tourists. ‘ Tourism in Antarctica is not without its risks ,’ says Downie.
After all, Antarctica doesn’t have a coastguard rescue service.’

C. ‘ So far, no surveys confirm that people are going quickly to see polar regions before they
change ,’ says Frigg Jorgensen, General Secretary of the Association of Arctic Expedition
Cruise Operators (AECO). ‘However, Hillary Clinton and many other big names have been to
Svalbard in the northernmost part of Norway to see the effects of climate change . The
associated media coverage could influence others to do the same.’

D. These days, rarely a week passes without a negative headline in the newspapers. The
suffering polar bear has become a symbol of a warming world, its plight a warning that the
clock is ticking. It would seem that this ticking clock is a small but growing factor for some
tourists. ‘ There’s an element of “do it now” ,’ acknowledges Prisca Campbell, Marketing
director of Quark Expeditions, which takes 7,000 People to the poles annually. Leaving the
trip until later, it seems, may mean leaving it too late.

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Questions 8-12
Look at the following statements and the list of people below.

Match each statement with the correct person, A-D.

NB You may use any letters more than once

8. Some tourists believe they should not delay their trip to the poles.
9. There are some dangers to travelling in Antarctica.
10. Some famous people have travelled to polar regions to look at the impacts of global
warming.
11. Some tourists make more than one trip to the poles.
12. There is no evidence that visitors are hurrying to the poles.

List of People
A. Lousia Richardson
B. Rod Downie
C. Frigg Jorgensen
D. Prisca Campbell

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BÀI 10. MATCHING SENTENCE ENDINGS

The Rorschach Test
The Rorschach test, also known as the Rorschach inkblot test, the Rorschach technique, or
simply the inkblot test, is a psychological test in which subjects' perceptions of inkblots are
recorded and then analysed using psychological interpretation, complex algorithms, or both.
Some psychologists use this test to examine a person's personality characteristics and
emotional functioning, especially in cases where patients are reluctant to describe their
thinking processes openly. The test is named after its creator, Swiss psychologist Hermann
Rorschach.

Using interpretation of "ambiguous designs" to assess an individual's personality is an idea

that goes back to Leonardo da Vinci and Botticelli. Rorschach’s test, however, was the first
systematic approach of this kind. The subject, or person taking the test, is shown a set of
inkblot images, and his or her responses are recorded and interpreted by the psychologist.
The underlying assumption is that an individual will class external stimuli based on person-
specific needs, motives and conflicts.

It has been suggested that Rorschach's use of inkblots may have been inspired by German
doctor Justinus Kerner who, in 1857, had published a popular book of poems, each of which
was inspired by an accidental inkblot. French psychologist Alfred Binet had also experimented
with inkblots as a creativity test, and, after the turn of the century, psychological experiments
where inkblots were utilised multiplied, with aims such as studying imagination and
consciousness.

In fact, Rorschach never intended the inkblots to be used as a general personality test, but
developed them as a tool for the diagnosis of schizophrenia. It was not until 1939 that the test
was used as a projective test of personality, a use of which Rorschach had always been
skeptical.

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Complete the following sentences by choosing the correct sentence endings from the box
below.

1) The Rorschach test is often used by psychologists to

2) The test is based on the belief that people will

3) Rorschach’s original aim was not to assess personality, but to

A) test people’s creativity.

B) interpret ambiguous images according to their own specific perceptions of life.

C) diagnose a mental disorder.

D) assess subjects who are unwilling to express their thoughts.

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BÀI 11. MATCHING HEADINGS

Traffic Jams — No End in Sight
There are no easy answers to the problems of traffic congestion.
A. Traffic congestion affects people throughout the world. Traffic jams cause smog in dozens
of cities across both the developed and developing world. In the U.S., commuters spend an
average of a full work week each year sitting in traffic, according to the Texas Transportation
Institute. While alternative ways of getting around are available, most people still choose their
cars because they are looking for convenience, comfort and privacy.

B. The most promising technique for reducing city traffic is called congestion pricing, whereby
cities charge a toll to enter certain parts of town at certain times of day. In theory, if the toll is
high enough, some drivers will cancel their trips or go by bus or train. And in practice it seems
to work: Singapore, London and Stockholm have reduced traffic and pollution in city centers
thanks to congestion pricing.

C. Another way to reduce rush hour traffic is for employers to implement flexitime, which lets
employees travel to and from work at off-peak traffic times to avoid the rush hour. Those who
have to travel during busy times can do their part by sharing cars. Employers can also allow
more staff to telecommute (work from home) so as to keep more cars off the road altogether.

List of headings
i. A solution which is no solution
ii. Changing working practices
iii. Closing city centres to traffic
iv. Paying to get in
v. A global problem

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BÀI 12. WHICH PARAGRAPH CONTAINS

Amundsen's South Pole expedition
A. The first expedition to reach the geographic South Pole was led by the Norwegian
explorer Roald Amundsen. He and four others arrived at the pole on 14 December
1911,[n 1] five weeks ahead of a British party led by Robert Falcon Scott as part of the
Terra Nova Expedition. Amundsen and his team returned safely to their base, and later
learned that Scott and his four companions had died on their return journey.

B. Amundsen's initial plans had focused on the Arctic and the conquest of the North Pole
by means of an extended drift in an icebound ship. He obtained the use of Fridtjof
Nansen's polar exploration ship Fram, and undertook extensive fundraising.
Preparations for this expedition were disrupted when, in 1909, the rival American
explorers Frederick Cook and Robert E. Peary each claimed to have reached the North
Pole. Amundsen then changed his plan and began to prepare for a conquest of the
South Pole; uncertain of the extent to which the public and his backers would support
him, he kept this revised objective secret. When he set out in June 1910, he led even
his crew to believe they were embarking on an Arctic drift

C. The expedition's success was widely applauded. The story of Scott's heroic failure
overshadowed its achievement in the United Kingdom, unable to accept that a
Norwegian had been the first person to set foot in the South Pole, but not in the rest of
the world. Amundsen's decision to keep his true plans secret until the last moment was
criticised by some. Recent polar historians have more fully recognised the skill and
courage of Amundsen's party; the permanent scientific base at the pole bears his
name, together with that of Scott.

Which paragraph contains the following information?

Write the correct letter A—C on your answer sheet.
NB You may use any letter more than once.

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1. The success of Roald Amundsen was celebrated worldwide, except in one country.
2. Amundsen only heard about the death of Scott after he has reached the South Pole.
3. The base at the South Pole bears both Amundsen’s name and Scott’s.
4. Amundsen had originally planned an exhibition to the North Pole.
5. When Amundsen decided to aim for the South Pole he did not reveal his intentions.

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BÀI 13. MULTIPLE CHOICE

Example 1. Part of the passage:
There is one stubborn question for which archaeology has yet to provide any answers: how
did the Lapita accomplish the ancient equivalent of a moon landing, many times over? No-one
has found one of their canoes or any rigging, which could reveal how the canoes were sailed.
Nor do the oral histories and traditions of later Polynesians offer any insights, for they turn into
myths long before they reach as far back in time as the Lapita.

Question:
According to the writer, there are difficulties explaining how the Lapita* accomplished
their journeys because
A) the canoes that have been discovered offer relatively few clues.
B) archaeologists have shown limited interest in this area of research.
C) little information relating to this period can be relied upon for accuracy.
D) technological advances have altered the way such achievements are viewed.

Example 2. Read the following excerpt from a passage about etymology.

Etymology is the study of the history of words, their origins, and how their form and meaning
have changed over time. For a language with a long written history, etymologists make use of
texts in these languages, and texts about the languages, to gather knowledge about how
words were used during earlier periods of their history and when they entered the languages
in question.
Etymologists also apply the methods of comparative linguistics to reconstruct information
about languages that are too old for any direct information to be available. By analysing
related languages with a technique known as the comparative method, linguists can make
inferences about their shared parent language and its vocabulary. In this way, word roots
have been found that can be traced all the way back to the origin of, for instance, the Indo-
European language family.

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The word etymology is derived from the Greek word ἐτυµολογία, etymologia, itself from
ἔτυµοv, etymon, meaning "true sense", and the suffix -logia, denoting "the study of".
Which TWO of the following statements agree with the information above?
A) Etymology involves the study of historical texts.
B) Some languages are too old for linguists to understand.
C) The ancient Greeks were the first to study the origins of words.
D) Most words have their origins in Indo-European languages.
E) The word ‘etymology’ derives from a word meaning ‘the study of true sense’.

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