MOLE CONCEPT

PROBLEM 1 A crystalline hydrated salt on being rendered anhydrous, loses 45.6% of its weight. The
percentage composition of anhydrous salt is: Al = 10.5%, K = 15.1%, S = 24.8% and O = 49.6%. Find
the empirical formula of the anhydrous and crystalline salt.
PROBLEM 2 How much quantity of zinc will have to be reacted with excess of dilute HCl solution to
produce sufficient hydrogen gas for completely reacting with the oxygen obtained by decomposing
5.104 g of potassium chlorate?
PROBLEM 3 A 1.85 g sample of mixture of CuCl 2 and CuBr 2 was dissolved in water and mixed
thoroughly with 1.8 g portion of AgCl. After reaction, the solid which now contain AgCl and AgBr was
filtered, dried and weighed to be 2.052 g. What was the % by weight of CuBr 2 in the mixture?
PROBLEM 4 1.0 g of a sample containing NaCl, KCl and some inert impurity is dissolved in excess of
water and treated with excess of AgNO 3 solution. A 2.0 g precipitate of AgCl separate out. Also sample
is 23% by mass in sodium. Determine mass percentage of KCl in the sample.
PROBLEM 5 A one gram sample containing CaBr 2 , NaCl and some inert impurity was dissolved in
enough water and treated with excess of aqueous silver nitrate solution where a mixed precipitate of
AgCl and AgBr weighing 1.94 g was obtained. Precipitate was washed, dried and shaken with an
aqueous solution of NaBr where all AgCl was converted into AgBr. The new precipitate which contain
only AgBr now weighed to be 2.4 g. Determine mass percentage of CaBr 2 and NaCl in the original
sample.
PROBLEM 6 Sulphur combines with oxygen to form two oxide SO 2 and SO 3 . If 10 g of S is mixed with
12 g of O 2 , what mass of SO 2 and SO 3 will be formed, so that neither S nor oxygen will be left at the end
of reaction?
PROBLEM 7 An aqueous solution of ethanol has density 1.025 g/mL and it is 8.0 M. Determine
molality m of this solution.
PROBLEM 8 An aqueous solution of acetic acid has density 1.12 g/mL and it is 5.0 m. Determine
molarity (M).
PROBLEM 9 Octane is a component of gasoline. Incomplete combustion of octane produces some CO
along with CO 2 and H 2O, which reduces efficiency of engine. In a certain test run, 1.0 gallon of octane is
burned and total mass of CO, CO 2 and H 2O produced was found to be 11.53 kg. Calculate efficiency of
the engine, density of octane is 2.65 kg/gallon.
PROBLEM 10 The formula of a hydrated salt of barium is BaCl 2 ⋅ xH 2O. If 1.936 g of this compound
gives 1.846 g of anhydrous BaSO 4 upon treatment with H 2SO 4 , calculate x.
PROBLEM 11 A mixture of CuSO 4 ⋅ 5H 2O and MgSO 4 ⋅ 7H 2O was heated until all the water was
driven-off. If 5.0 g of mixture gave 3 g of anhydrous salts, what was the percentage by mass of
CuSO 4 ⋅ 5H 2O in the original mixture?
PROBLEM 12 A sample of clay contain 15% moisture, and rest are CaCO 3 and non-volatile SiO 2 . This
on heating loses part of its moisture, but CaCO 3 is completely converted into CaO. The partially dried
sample now contain 7.35% moisture and 51.5% SiO 2 . Determine mass percentage of CaCO 3 in the
original sample.
PROBLEM 13 Chlorine dioxide (ClO 2 ), has been used as a disinfectant in air conditioning systems. It
reacts with water according to the reaction:
ClO 2 + H 2O → HClO 3 + HCl
In an experiment, a 10.0 L sealed flask containing ClO 2 and some inert gas at 300 K and 1.0
atmosphere pressure is opened in a bath containing excess of water and all ClO 2 is reacted quantitatively.
The resulting solution required 200 mL 0.9 M NaOH solution for neutralization. Determine mole
fraction of ClO 2 in the flask.
PROBLEM 14 Potassium salt of benzoic acid (C 6 H 5COOK) can be made by the action of potassium
permanganate on toluene as follows:
C 6 H 5CH 3 + KMnO 4 → C 6 H 5COOK + MnO 2 + KOH + H 2O
If the yield of potassium benzoate can’t realistically be expected to be more than 71%, what is the
minimum number of grams of toluene needed to achieve this yield while producing 11.5 g of
C 6 H 5COOK?
PROBLEM 15 Manganese trifluoride can be prepared by the following reaction:
MnI 2 ( s) + F2 ( g ) → MnF3 + IF5
What is minimum number of grams of F2 that must be used to react with 12.0 g of MnI 2 if overall
yield of MnF3 is no more than 75%.
PROBLEM 16 A compound containing Ca, C, N and S was subjected to quantitative analysis and
formula mass determination. A 0.25 g of this compound was mixed with Na 2CO 3 to convert all Ca into
0.16 g CaCO 3 . A 0.115 g sample of compound was carried through a series of reactions until all its S was
changed into SO 2–
4 and precipitated as 0.344 g of BaSO 4 . A 0.712 g sample was processed to liberate all
of its N as NH 3 and 0.155 g NH 3 was obtained. The formula mass was found to be 156. Determine the
empirical and molecular formula of the compound.
PROBLEM 17 A 0.2 g sample, which is mixture of NaCl, NaBr and NaI was dissolved in water and
excess of AgNO 3 was added. The precipitate containing AgCl, AgBr and AgI was filtered, dried and
weighed to be 0.412 g. The solid was placed in water and treated with excess of NaBr, which converted
all AgCl into AgBr. The precipitate was then weighed to be 0.4881 g. It was then placed into water and
treated with excess of NaI, which converted all AgBr into AgI. The precipitate was then weighed to be
0.5868 g. What was the percentage of NaCl, NaBr and NaI in the original mixture.
PROBLEM 18 A mixture of NaI and NaCl when heated with H 2SO 4 produced same weight of Na 2SO 4
as that of original mixture. Calculate mass percentage of NaI in the original mixture.
PROBLEM 19 Ammonia is manufactured by the reaction of N 2 and H 2 . An equilibrium mixture
contains 5.0 g of each N 2 , H 2 and NH 3 . Calculate mass of N 2 and H 2 present initially and maximum
amount of NH 3 that can be produced.
PROBLEM 20 Consider the following reactions:
XeF2 + F2 → XeF6
and XeF6 + —( CH 2 —CH 2— ) n → —( CF2 —CF2 — ) n + HF + XeF4
Determine mass of F2 ( g ) required for preparation of 1.0 kg fluorinated polymer.
PROBLEM 21 2.5 g of a sample containing Na 2CO 3 ; NaHCO 3 and some non-volatile impurity on
gentle heating loses 12% of its weight. Residue is dissolved in 100 mL water and its 10 mL portion
required 15 mL 0.1 M aqueous solution of BaCl 2 for complete precipitation of carbonates. Determine
mass percentage of Na 2CO 3 in the original sample.
PROBLEM 22 2.0 g of a sample containing NaCl, NaBr and some inert impurity is dissolved in enough
water and treated with excess of AgNO 3 solution. A 3.0 g of precipitate was formed. Precipitate on
shaking with aqueous NaBr gain 0.76 g of weight. Determine mass percentage of NaCl in the original
sample.
PROBLEM 23 Based on the following information, determine value of x and y:
AgNO3
(CH 3 ) x AlCl y → xCH 4 ( g ) + yCl – + Al 3+ → AgCl( s)
0.643 g 0.222 g 0.996 g

PROBLEM 24 An organic compound containing C, H, O, N and Cl was analyzed and 0.15 g of sample
on combustion produced 0.138 g of CO 2 and 0.0566 g of H 2O. All the nitrogen in different 2.0 g sample
of compound was converted into NH 3 which was found to weigh 0.238 g. Finally the chlorine in a 0.125
g sample of compound was converted to Cl – and by reacting with AgNO 3 , 0.251 g AgCl was obtained.
Deduce the empirical formula of the starting organic compound.
PROBLEM 25 A 5.0 g sample of felspar containing Na 2O, K 2O and some inert impurity is dissolved in
dilute HCl solution and NaCl and KCl formed are separated by fractional crystallization. During
crystallization some less soluble impurities also comes out. Mass of NaCl, KCl and impurity
accompanying these salts was found to be 6.47 g. Solid crystal was then re-dissolved and required 300
mL of 0.3 M AgNO 3 for complete precipitation of chlorides. The precipitate thus, obtained was found to
contain 4.23% insoluble impurity. Determine mass percentage of Na 2O and K 2O in the original sample.
PROBLEM 26 Potassium chlorate (KClO 4 ) is made in the following sequence of reactions:
Cl 2 ( g ) + KOH → KCl + KClO + H 2O
KClO → KCl + KClO 3
KClO 3 → KClO 4 + KCl
What mass of Cl 2 is needed to produce 1.0 kg of KClO 4 ?
PROBLEM 27 Titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) is heated in stream of hydrogen to give water and a new oxide
Ti x O y . If 1.598 g TiO 2 produces 1.438 g Ti x O y , what is the formula of new oxide.
PROBLEM 28 A solution of copper sulphate that contain 15% CuSO 4 by weight has a density of 1.169
g/mL. 25 mL portion of this solution was reacted with excess of ammonia solution to form a dark blue
solution. When cooled, filtered and dried, 6.127 g of dark blue solid was obtained. A 0.195g solid was
analyzed for ammonia and required 30.63 mL of 0.1036 M HCl solution to reach the equivalence point.
In a separate analysis, 0.200 g was heated at 110°C to drive off water, producing 0.185 g of anhydrous
material. Deduce formula of the compound crystallized out from blue solution assuming that it contain
only one copper atom per formula unit. Also determine the percentage yield of crystallization process.
PROBLEM 29 0.1152 g of a compound containing carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen are burned in
oxygen. The gases produced are treated further to convert nitrogen containing product into N 2 . The
resulting mixture of CO 2 , H 2O and N 2 is passed through a CaCl 2 drying tube, which gains 0.09912 g.
The gas stream was then bubbled through water where the CO 2 forms H 2CO 3 . Titration of this solution
required 28.8 ml 0.3283 M NaOH solution to reach the phenolphthalein end point. The excess O 2 was
removed by reaction with copper metal and the N 2 was collected in a 225 mL measuring bulb where it
exerted a pressure of 65.12 mm of Hg at 25°C. In a separate analysis, the molar mass of this compound
was found to be 146 g mol –1 . Deduce molecular formula of the starting compound.
PROBLEM 30 Pb(NO 3 ) 2 and KI reacts in aqueous solution to form an yellow precipitate of PbI 2 . In
one series of experiments, the masses of two reactants varied, but the total mass of the two was held
constant at 5.0 g. What maximum mass of PbI 2 can be produced in the above experiment ?
PROBLEM 31 An element X react with hydrogen leading to formation of a class of compounds that is
analogous to hydrocarbons. 5 g of X forms 5.628 g of a mixture of two compounds of X, XH 4 and X 2 H 6
in the molar ratio of 2 : 1. Determine molar mass of X.
PROBLEM 32 The mineral Argyrodite is a stoichiometric compound that contain silver, sulphur (– 2)
and an unknown element Y ( + 4). The mass-ratio of silver and Y in the compound is,
m( Ag) : m(Y ) = 11.88
Y forms a reddish brown lower sulphide on heating the mineral in stream of H 2 ( g ), in which Y is in
+ 2 state. The residue are Ag 2S and H 2S. To convert 10 g Argyrodite completely, 0.295 L of H 2 ( g )
measured at 400K and 1.0 atmosphere is required. Determine molar mass of Y and empirical formula of
mineral.
PROBLEM 33 Uranium is isolated from its ore by dissolving it as UO 2 (NO 3 ) 2 and separating it as
solid UO 2 (C 2O 4 ) ⋅xH 2O. A 1.0 g sample of ore on treatment with nitric acid yielded 1.48 g UO 2 (NO 3 ) 2
which on further treatment with 0.4 g Na 2C 2O 4 yielded 1.23 g UO 2 (C 2O 4 ) ⋅ xH 2O. Determine weight
percentage of uranium in the original sample and x.
PROBLEM 34 When iodine was added to liquid chlorine in cold condition, orange crystal of a
compound separate out. The amount of chlorine in a sample of crystal was determined by precipitating
AgCl. A 0.467 g sample of crystal gave 0.861 g of AgCl. Deduce empirical formula of the crystal.
PROBLEM 35 Urea is manufactured on large scale by passing CO 2 (g ) through ammonia solution
followed by crystallization. CO 2 for the above reaction is prepared by combustion of hydrocarbons. If
combustion of 236 kg of a saturated hydrocarbon produces as much CO 2 as required for production of
1000 kg of urea, deduce molecular formula of hydrocarbon.
PROBLEM 36 Sodium bicarbonate can be purified by dissolving it in hot water (at 60°C), filtering to
remove insoluble impurities, cooling to 0°C to precipitate solid NaHCO 3 and the filtering to remove the
solid leaving soluble impurities in solution. Some NaHCO 3 that remain in solution is not recovered. The
solubility of NaHCO 3 in water at 60°C is 164 g/L. Its solubility in cold water at 0ºC is 69 g/L. If a 250 g
impure sample of NaHCO 3 was purified by this method by dissolving first in 250 mL water at 60°C and
then crystallizing NaHCO 3 from 100 mL water at 0°C, 150 g NaHCO 3 was recovered. Determine
percentage purity of original sample.
PROBLEM 37 A 100 g solution was prepared by dissolving 46 g CuSO 4⋅xH 2O in 54 g of water and
mole fraction of CuSO 4 in solution was found to be 0.05. Determine x.
PROBLEM 38 An ore of iron contain FeS and non-volatile impurity. Roasting of this ore converts all
FeS into Fe 2 O3 and a 4% loss in weight was observed. Determine mass percentage of FeS in ore.
PROBLEM 39 Optical measurement is a very efficient method of determining molar mass of unknown
material. In one experiment, 3.0 g of an unknown polymeric material was dissolved in 100 mL of CCl 4
and transmittance of this solution was found to be 72%. Transmittance of a 0.001 M standard solution in
the same solvent, under identical experimental condition was 60%. Determine molar mass of unknown
polymer.
PROBLEM 40 A crystalline polymer molecule is uniform prismatic in shape with dimensions as
shown below,

300 Å

100Å

If density of this polymer is 1.2 g/cm 3 , determine molar mass.

PROBLEM 41 A mother cell disintegrate into sixty identical cells and each daughter cell further
disintegrate into 24 smaller cells. The smallest cells are uniform cylindrical in shape with diameter of
120 Å and each cell is 6000 Å long. Determine molar mass of the mother cell if density of the smallest
cell is 1.12 g/cm 3 .
PROBLEM 42 A sample of rock taken for analysis weigh 1.0 g on air dried basis. After drying for one
hour at 110°C, the sample weigh 0.9437 g. The calcium is precipitated as oxalate but weighed as CaSO 4 ;
that weigh 0.5g. The magnesium is precipitated as MgNH 4 PO4 which finally ignited to 0.5 g Mg 2 P2O 7 .
Find the percentage of CaO and MgO on oven dried basis and percentage of them and H 2O on air dried
basis.
PROBLEM 43 A sample is a mixture of Mohr’s salt and (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 . A 0.5 g sample on treatment with
excess of BaCl 2 solution gave 0.75 g BaSO 4 . Determine percentage composition of the salt mixture.
What weight of Fe 2O 3 would be obtained if 0.2 g of the sample were ignited in air?
PROBLEM 44 A chloride mixture is prepared by grinding together pure BaCl 2⋅2H 2O, KCl and NaCl.
What is the smallest and largest volume of 0.15 M AgNO 3 solution that may be used for complete
precipitation of chloride from a 0.3g sample of the mixture which may contain any one or all of the
constituents?
 Solutions
MOLE CONCEPT
1. Empirical formula :  Al K S O Elements

 10.5 15.1 24.8 49.6 Mass percentage


= KAlS 2O 8  0.388 0.387 0.775 3.1 Mole ratio

 1 1 2 8 Simple ratio

Empirical formula weight = 258
From weight loss information : 54.4 g anhydrous salt ≡ 45.6 g H 2O
⇒ 258 g anhydrous salt ≡ 238.89 g = 13.27 mol H 2O
⇒ Empirical formula of hydrated salt = KAlS 2O 8 ⋅ 13H 2O
2. 1.0mole of KClO 3 ≡ 3.0 mole of Zn
5.104 3 × 5.104 3 × 5.104 × 65
mole KClO 3 ≡ mole of Zn = = 8.124 g Zn
122.5 122.5 122.5
3. Apply conservation of moles of silver before and after precipitate exchange reaction as :
1.8 x 2.052 − x
= +
143.5 188 143.5
where, x is mass of AgBr in mixed precipitate.
⇒ x =1.064
1 1 x
Also, moles of CuBr 2 = moles of AgBr = ×
2 2 188
1 x
⇒ Mass of CuBr 2 = × × 223.5 = 0.6324 (on substituting x)
2 188
Mass % of CuBr 2 = 34.18
4. Moles of NaCl in sample = 0.01 = moles of AgCl from NaCl in precipitate.
2
Total moles of AgCl precipitate = = 0.01393
143.5
⇒ Moles of AgCl from KCl = 0.00393 = moles of KCl
⇒ Mass of KCl in sample = 0.00393 × 74.5 = 0.2928 g
Mass % of KCl in the sample = 29.28
5. Apply conservation of moles of Ag before and after precipitate exchange reaction:
x 1.94 – x 2.4
+ = gives x = 1.483 g AgCl in mixed precipitate.
143.5 188 188
x
⇒ Mass of NaCl = × 58.5 = 0.6047 g
143.5
1 1.94 – x
⇒ Mass of CaBr 2 = × × 200 = 0.243 g
2 188
⇒ Mass % NaCl = 60.47, CaBr 2 = 24.3
 6. Apply conservation of mass : If product contain x g SO 2 , mass of SO 3 = (22 − x ) g.
x 2 (22 − x )
Computing total mass of S : + = 10
2 5
⇒ x =12 ⇒ SO 2 = 12 g, SO 3 = 10 g
7. Mass of 1.0 L solution = 1025 g
Mass of ethanol in 1.0 L solution = 8 × 46 = 368 g
Mass of solvent in 1.0 L solution = 657 g
8
⇒ Molality ( m) = × 1000 = 12.17
657
8. 5.0 moles (300 g) of acetic acid is present in 1.0 kg solvent.
⇒ 1300 g solution contain 5.0 moles of solute.
⇒ 1300/1.12 = 1160.7 mL solution contain 5.0 moles of solute.
5
⇒ Molarity ( M ) = × 1000 = 4.3
1160.7
9. Let the combustion reaction is :
C 8 H18 + nO 2 → xCO + (8 − x ) CO 2 + 9H 2O
1 2650
n = (25 − x ) ; moles of octane = = 23.246
2 114
Computing mass of product = 23.246 × 28 x + (8 – x ) × 44 × 23.246 + 9 × 23.246 × 18 = 11530
⇒ x =1.125 ⇒ n =11.9375
In case of complete combustion :
25
C 8 H18 + O 2 → 8CO 2 + 9H 2O
2
Efficiency = ( n/12.5) × 100 = 95.5%
1.846
10. Moles of BaSO 4 = = moles of BaCl 2 ⋅ xH 2O = 7.923 × 10 –3
233
⇒ 7.923 × 10 –3 × (208 +18x ) = 1.936 ⇒ x≈2
11. Let the mixture contain x g CuSO 4 ⋅5H 2O.
x 5−x
⇒ × 159 + × 120 = 3 ⇒ x = 3.72
249 246
⇒ Mass percentage of CuSO 4 ⋅ 5H 2O = 74.4
12. In the two sample mass ratio of Ca to SiO 2 will remain same since both are non-volatile.
2x
Before heating, let x% CaCO 3 is present ⇒ % Ca is present. ⇒ (85 − x )% SiO 2 is present.
5
After heating, 51.5% SiO 2 and 41.15% CaO are present.
40
⇒ × 41.15 = 29.39% Ca is present.
56
 Now : mass of Ca/SiO 2 before heating = mass of Ca/SiO 2 after heating.
2x 29.39
⇒ = ⇒ x = 49.97%
5 (85 – x ) 51.5
13. In the reaction of ClO 2 with water, products HClO 3 , HCl as well as reactant ClO 2 contain one
chlorine atom each, per formula unit. Hence, total moles of acid produced will be equal to moles of
ClO 2 hydrolysed. Therefore, there is no need of balancing the reaction for computation of moles of
ClO 2 .
Moles of acid = moles of NaOH required = 0.18 = moles of ClO 2
10
Total moles of gas in the flask = = 0.406
0.082 × 300
0.18
Mole fraction of ClO 2 = × 100 = 44.33
0.406
14. The balanced chemical reaction is :
C 6 H 5CH 3 + 2KMnO 4 → C 6 H 5COOK + 2MnO 2 + KOH + H 2O
11.5 × 100
For preparation of 11.5 g C 6 H 5COOK, theoretical yield should be g
71
92 11.5 × 100
Mass of toluene needed = × = 9.31 g
160 71
15. Balanced chemical reaction is :
2MnI 2 +13F2 → 2MnF3 + 4IF5
Q 2 × 309 g MnI 2 ≡ 13 × 38 g F2
13 × 38
12 g MnI 2 ≡ × 12 = 9.59 g
2 × 309
Actual requirement of
100
F2 = 9.59 × = 12.78 g
75
0.16 100
16. Mass % of Ca = × 40 × = 25.6
100 0.25
0.344 32 × 100
Mass % of S= × = 41
233 0.115
0.155 14 × 100
Mass % of N= × = 17.9
17 0.712
⇒ Mass % of C = 15.48
Now :
Elements Ca S N C
Mass % 25.6 41 17.9 15.48
Mol ratio 0.64 1.28 1.28 1.29
Simple ratio 1 2 2 2
 Empirical formula = CaC 2 N 2S 2 , empirical formula weight = 156
Hence, molecular formula = CaC 2 N 2S 2
17. Working in backward direction :
In the last step moles of (AgBr + AgI) = moles of AgI
0.4881 – x x 0.5868
⇒ + = ⇒ x = 0.0933 g
188 235 235
0.0933 100
Mass % of NaI = × 150 × = 29.77
235 0.2
Now subtracting mass of AgI from 1st and 2nd precipitate gives :
Mass of (AgCl + AgBr) = 0.3187 g
and mass of AgBr = 0.3948 g
y 0.3187 – y 0.3948
Again + = ⇒ y = 0.245 g
143.5 188 188
0.245 100
⇒ Mass % of NaCl = × 58.5 × = 50
143.5 0.2
Mass % of NaBr = 20.23
18. Let us consider 100 g mixture of NaI and NaCl containing x g NaI.
 x 100 − x  142
Mass of Na 2SO 4 =  + × =100 ⇒ x = 30.25
150 58.5  2
14 3
19. 5.0 g NH 3 contains × 5 = 4.17 g N 2 and × 5 = 0.83 g H 2
17 17
Therefore, initially 9.17 g N 2 and 5.83 g H 2 were present.
Since N 2 is limiting reagent, maximum mass of NH 3 = 11.135 g
20. Balance the reaction in terms of ‘ n’ as :
4nXeF2 + —
( CH 2CH 2 —
)n → —( CF2CF2 )—
n + 4nHF + 4nXeF4
XeF2 + 2F2 → XeF6
Formula weight of one unit of fluorinated polymer =100 ⇒ for 1.0 kg, n = 10
⇒ 40 moles of XeF6 would be required and for this 80.00 moles of F2 would be consumed.
⇒ m (F2 ) = 80 × 38 = 3040 g = 3.04 kg
21. Weight loss is due to conversion of NaHCO 3 into Na 2CO 3 : 31 g weight is lost per mole of
NaHCO 3 .
0.3 0.3
⇒ 0.3 g wt loss from mol of NaHCO 3 producing moles of Na 2CO 3 .
31 62
Total moles of carbonate = 15 × 10 –3
3
⇒ Moles of carbonate in original sample = 0.015 − = 0.01
620
Mass of Na 2CO 3 in original sample = 1.06 ⇒ 42.4% Na 2CO 3 .
 x 3 − x 3.76 2.45
22. + = ⇒ x = 2.45 ⇒ m (NaCl) = × 58.5 = 1.0 g m% NaCl = 50%
1435 . 188 188 143.5
23. If M is molar mass of (CH 3 ) x AlCl y
0.643 x
m(CH 4 ) = × 16 = 0.222
M
0.643 y
and m (AgCl) = × 143.5 = 0.996
M
x 355
. x
dividing : = 2, Also M = 15x + 27 + 35.5 y = 15x + 27 + = 32.75x + 27
y 2
0.643x × 16
⇒ = 0.222 ⇒ x = 1.98 ≈ 2 ⇒ y=1
32.75x + 27
24. Element C H N Cl O
Mass % 25 4.2 9.8 49.6 11.4
Mol % 2.08 4.2 0.7 1.39 0.7
Simple ratio 2.9 6 1 2 1
Empirical formula C 3 H 6 NCl 2O
25. Mass of AgCl = 0.09 × 143.5 = 12.915 gwhich is 95.77% of total ppt.
⇒ Total mass of precipitate = 13.485 g and mass of impurity = 0.57 g
⇒ Mass of NaCl + KCl = 5.9 g
x 5.9 – x
⇒ + = 0.09 ⇒ x = 2.94 g NaCl, 2.96 g KCl
58.5 74.5
m (Na 2O) = 1.558 g ⇒ m % (Na 2O) = 31.16
m (K 2O) = 1.867 g ⇒ m % (K 2O) = 37.34
26. Cl 2 + 2KOH → KCl + KClO + H 2O ...(i)

3KClO → 2KCl + KClO 3 ...(ii)

4KClO 3 → 3KClO 4 + KCl ...(iii)
Multiply Eq. (i) by 12 and Eq. (ii) by 4 and add Eqs. (i), (ii) and (iii) to obtain
12Cl 2 + 24KOH → 21KCl + 3KClO 4 +12H 2O
852 415.5
1000 g KClO 4 will be produced from
852
× 1000 = 2050.54 g = 2.05 kg
415.5
1
27. 1.598 g TiO 2 loses 0.16 g oxygen therefore 80 g TiO 2 will lose 8 g of oxygen ( 2 mole of oxygen
atom).
⇒ Formula of new oxide = TiO 1 = Ti 2O 3
2–
2
28. Since, the compound contain only one copper atom per formula unit, its formula can be assumed to
be as:
Cu(NH 3 ) x SO 4 ⋅ yH 2O : M = 159.5 + 17x + 18 y
0.195
Moles of compound present in 0.195 g =
M
0.195
⇒ Moles of HCl required = x = 30.63 × 0.1036 × 10 –3 …(i)
M
Also M g of compound contain 18y g of water
18 y
0.2 g of compound will contain × 0.2 g of water = 0.015 …(ii)
M
From Eqs (i) and (ii),
18 y M 0.015
× 0.2 × = ⇒ 18 y = 4.6x
M 0.195x 30.63 × 0.1036 × 10 –3
Substituting in Eq. (ii)
18 y × 0.2
= 0.015 ⇒ 61.33x = 159.5 + 21.6x and x = 4, y =1
159.5 + 17x + 18 y
Formula of salt = Cu(NH 3 ) 4⋅SO 4⋅H 2O
Percentage yield : Molarity of CuSO 4 solution =1.1 M
⇒ moles of Cu(NH 3 ) 4⋅SO 4⋅H 2O precipitate (theoretically) = 25 × 1.10 × 10 –3 = 27.50 × 10 –3
⇒ Theoretical mass of solid = 27.5 × 10 –3 × 245.5 = 6.751g
6.127 × 100
⇒ Percentage yield = = 90.75%
6.751
29. Mass of water produced in the reaction = 0.09912 g
0.09912
⇒ mass of hydrogen = g = 11 mg
9
1 0.3283 × 28.8
m mol of CO 2 = 2 m mol of NaOH = = 4.73 = m mol of carbon
2
⇒ mass of carbon in starting compound = 4.73 × 12 = 56.76 mg
65.12 0.225
mass of nitrogen = 28 × × × 1000 = 22 mg
760 0.082 × 298
and mass of oxygen = 115.2 – (56.76 + 11 + 22) = 25.44 mg
Now:
Elements Mass mg. m moles Simple Ratio
C 56.76 4.73 3
H 11 11 7
N 22 1.57 1
O 25.44 1.59 1
 Empirical formula = C 3 H 7 NO
Empirical formula wt. = 73
⇒ Molecular formula = C 6 H14 N 2O 2
30. In order to obtain maximum yield from a reaction, the reactants must be supplied in stoichiometric
amount so that no reactant should be left unreacted.
The balanced chemical reaction is,
Pb(NO 3 ) 2 + 2KI → PbI 2 + 2KNO 3
Let x g of KI is taken
x x
⇒ moles of KI = ⇒ moles of Pb( NO 3 ) 2 present =
166 2 × 166
x 5– x x
⇒ = ⇒ x = 2.5 g ⇒ mass of PbI 2 = × 460 = 3.464 g
2 × 166 330 332
31. Let mixture contain x g XH 4 then (5.628 – x) g X 2 H 6 .
x x
⇒ moles of X H 4 = and, moles of X 2 H 6 =
M +4 2( M + 4)
x
⇒ 5.628 – x = (2 M + 6) …(i)
2( M + 4)
Mx 2 Mx
Also + =5 …(ii)
M + 4 2( M + 4)
Solving Eqs. (i) and (ii) we get M = 27.8
32. Let one formula unit of Argyrodite contain ‘a’ mol of silver and b mole of Y . Therefore, moles of
a 
sulphide per formula unit of mineral must be  + 2b .
2 
a
Hence, Ag a Y b S  a  + bH 2 → Ag 2S + bYS + bH 2S


+ 2 b 

2
2

PV
Also, moles of H 2 required = = 8.87 × 10 –3
RT
8.87 × 10 –3
⇒ moles of mineral present in its 10 g =
b

8.87 × 10 –3 a  
⇒ 10 = 108a + bM +  2 + 2b 32
b  
Solving 1127b = 124a + b( M + 64) …(i)
108a 11.88
Also =11.88 ⇒ a = bM
bM 108
Substituting ‘a’ in Eq. (i),
124 × 11.88bM a
1127b = + b( M + 64) ⇒ M = 72.6 g mol –1 and =8
108 b
Empirical formula = Ag 8 YS 6
 1.48
33. Mass of uranium in the sample = × 238 = 0.894 g
394
Mass % of uranium in the sample = 89.4
Now UO 2 (NO 3 ) 2 + Na 2C 2O 4 + xH 2O → UO 2 (C 2O 4 ) xH 2O ↓ + 2NaNO 3
mmol 3.756 2.985
Here Na 2C 2O 4 is the limiting reagent, therefore, m mol of UO 2 (C 2O 4 ) ⋅xH 2O formed is 2.985.
1.23
⇒ M(UO 2 (C 2O 4 )) ⋅xH 2O = × 1000 = 412 = 238 + 32 + 88 + 18 x
2.985
54
⇒ x= =3
18
35.5
34. Mass of chlorine in 0.861 g AgCl = × 0.861 = 0.231g
143.5
mass of iodine in 0.467 g compound = 0.254 g
⇒ Iodine Chlorine
weight: 0.254 g 0.213 g
mole: 0.002 0.006
simple ratio, 1 3
⇒ Empirical formula = ICl 3
35. C n H 2n + 2 + O 2 → nCO 2 + H 2O
CO 2 + 2NH 2 → H 2 N  CO  NH 2 + H 2O
1000 × 1000
mole = = 16666.67
60
236 × 1000
moles of CO 2 produced = × n = 16666.67 ⇒ n =12.5
14n + 2
Formula of hydrocarbon = C12 H 26
250
36. Weight of NaHCO 3 dissolved at 60° C = 164 × = 41 g
1000
Weight of NaHCO 3 dissolved at 0°C = 6.9 g
Total weight of NaHCO 3 dissolved = 47.9 g
Weight of NaHCO 3 recovered =150 g
Total weight of NaHCO 3 present originally = 150 + 47.9 = 197.9 g
197.9
% purity = × 100 = 79.16
250
46
37. Mole of CuSO4 in solution =
159 + 18x
46x
mass of H 2Oin solution = 54 + × 18
159 + 18x
46x
⇒ moles of H 2O in solution = 3 +
159 + 18x
 46
159 + 18x
⇒ 0.05 =
46 46x
+3+
159 + 18x 159 + 18x
46 20 × 46
⇒ (1 + x ) + 3 =
159 + 18x 159 + 18x
46
⇒ 3= (19 – x ) ⇒ x = 3.97 ≈ 4
159 + 18x
38. The roasting reaction is,
7
2FeS + O 2 → Fe 2 O3 + 2SO2
2 × 88 = 176 2 2 × 56 + 48 = 160
From the above reaction,
16 g weight is lost by 176 g FeS
176
4 g weight will be lost by × 4 = 44 g FeS
16
⇒ ore contain 44% FeS by weight.
39. Absorbance of a solution is linear function of concentration.
A1 C1 40 0.001
⇒ = or = ⇒ C 2 = 00007
. M
A2 C 2 28 C2
3
⇒ mol. wt. of polymer = = 42857 amu
0.0007 × 0.1
3 2 3 3 3
40. Volume of one molecule = a h= (10 –6 ) 2 × 3 × 10 –6 cm 3 = × 10 –18 cm 3
4 4 4
3 3
Molar mass = × 10 –18 × 6.023 × 10 23 × 1.2 = 939 × 10 3 amu
4
41. Volume of smallest cell = πr 2 l = π (60 × 10 –8 cm ) 2 (6000 × 10 –8 cm ) = 6.785 × 10 –17 cm 3
mass of one smallest cell = 7.6 × 10 –17 g
⇒ Molar mass of mother cell = 7.6 × 10 –17 × 24 × 60 × 6.023 × 10 23 = 6.6 × 10 10 amu
42. Mass of CaSO 4 = 0.5 g
0.5
⇒ mass of CaO = × 56 = 0.2058 g
136
mass of Mg 2 P2O 7 = 0.5 g
0.5
⇒ mass of MgO = × 2 × 40 = 0.18 g
222
0.2058
⇒ mass % of CaO on oven dried basis = × 100 = 21.8%
0.9437
 0.18
mass % of MgO on oven dried basis = × 100 = 19.07%
0.9437
On air dried basis : CaO = 20.58% MgO = 18%, H 2O = 5.63%
43. Let the sample contain x g Mohr’s salt [FeSO 4 (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4⋅6H 2O]
x 0.5 – x 0.75
⇒ ×2+ =
392 132 233
0.23
Solving x = 0.23 g ⇒ Mohr’s salt = × 100 = 46% , (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 = 54%
0.50
x 0.2
Also moles of Fe in 0.2 g sample = × = 2.347 × 10 –4
392 0.5
2.347 × 10 –4
⇒ mass of Fe 2O 3 obtained on ignition of 0.2 g sample = × 160 = 18.77 mg
2
44. Smallest volume of AgNO3 would be required when the entire mass is due to highest molecular
weight constituent.
Hence, for smallest volume, the whole mass should be of BaCl 2 ⋅ 2H 2O
0.3
m mol of BaCl 2⋅2H 2O = × 1000 = 1.229 m mol
244
m mol of AgNO 3 required = 2 × 1.229 = 2.458
2.458
Volume of AgNO 3 required = = 16.38 mL (smallest)
0.15
Largest volume of AgNO 3 would be required when entire mass is due to lowest molecular weight
constituent, i.e., NaCl.
0.3
m mol of NaCl = × 1000 = 5.128 = m mol of AgNO 3 required.
58.5
5.128
⇒ Volume of AgNO 3 required = = 34.18 mL (largest).
0.15