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Effects of Blended NPSB Fertilizer Rates on Growth, Yield and Yield

Components of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Varieties in Miserak
Badawacho District, Hadiya Zone, Southern Ethio...

Article in Agricultural Science Digest - A Research Journal · January 2024

DOI: 10.18805/ag.DF-556

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 DF-556
[1-10]

RESEARCH ARTICLE Agricultural Science Digest

Effects of Blended NPSB Fertilizer Rates on Growth, Yield and

Yield Components of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Varieties
in Miserak Badawacho District, Hadiya Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Yohannes Abato1, Degife A. Zebire1 10.18805/ag.DF-556

ABSTRACT
Background: Macro and micronutrients are the most limiting factors in the production of potato in most part of the country. Therefore,
this study was conducted to determine the effect of blended NPSB fertilizer rates on yield and yield components of potato varieties
in Hadiya zone, Southern Ethiopia in 2021-2022 cropping season.
Methods: The experiment was conducted as a factorial combination of five levels of blended NPSB fertilizer rates (0, 100, 150, 200,
250 kg ha-1) and four potato varieties in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Data collected on
growth, yield and yield-related traits were subjected to analysis of variance.
Result: The results of the study revealed that variety and blended NPSB fertilizer showed a significant effect on crop phenology,
growth, tuber yield and yield components. The interaction effect of variety and blended NPSB fertilizer also showed a significant
effect on most of the traits measured except for days to 50% flowering and unmarketable tuber yield. The variety Belete showed the
highest marketable tuber yield and total tuber yield with the application of 200 kg ha-1 NPSB fertilizer rate followed by variety
Gudene). In terms of economic performance, 150 kg ha-1 NPSB fertilizer was found to show the marginal rate of return acceptable
net benefit in variety Belete. Therefore, potato-growing farmers are advised to apply 150 kg ha-1 of NPSB fertilizer to grow Belete
variety. In addition, Gudene variety at 250 kg ha-1 NPSB fertilizer application rate was found to show the highest marginal rate of
return and net benefit can be considered as an alternative recommendation to increase the productivity of potato in the study area.

Key words: NPSB, Phenology, Potato, Yield.

INTRODUCTION 1
Department of Plant Science, College of Agricultural Sciences,
Potato is one of the most important cold-season vegetable
Arba Minch University, P.O. Box 21, Arba Minch, Ethiopia.
crops consumed worldwide. It is considered as an inexpensive
and nutritive food security crop, as it produces more dry Corresponding Author: Degife A. Zebire, Department of Plant
matter, protein and calories per unit area and time than the Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, Arba Minch University,
major cereal crops (Rai and Yadav, 2005). In Ethiopia, potato P.O. Box 21, Arba Minch, Ethiopia. Email: [email protected]
ranks first among the major tuber crop in the volume of How to cite this article: Abato, Y. and Zebire, D.A. (2024). Effects
production and consumption followed by enset, sweet potato, of Blended NPSB Fertilizer Rates on Growth, Yield and Yield
yam and taro (Olango, 2008). Potato is the fourth most Components of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Varieties in Miserak
important food crop next to rice, wheat and maize and has a Badawacho District, Hadiya Zone, Southern Ethiopia. Agricultural
great contribution to food and nutrition security in the world Science Digest. DOI: 10.18805/ag.DF-556.
(FAOSTAT, 2016). The annual production of the world and Submitted: 22-05-2023 Accepted: 02-01-2024 Online: 22-01-2024
Africa in the year 2018 was about 368.2 and 26 million tons,
respectively (FAO, 2020). Potato production in Ethiopia
reached about 76,677.64 ha with a yield of 13.62 t/ha, in feeder of nutrient that requires a large amount of organic
2019 cropping season and it was 70362.22 ha with and inorganic nutrients, predominantly nitrogen,
productivity of 13.13 t/ha in 2020 cropping season (CSA, phosphorous and potassium (NPK) (Atanaw and Israel,
2020). This trend showed that there is a reduction in 2021). From these nutrients, phosphorus considered one
productivity of potato in the two cropping seasons mainly due of the required elements for the whole function of plants,
to soil fertility and crop variety problem. Similarly Biruk (2018) especially for tuber formation, dry matter accumulation and
reported that, about 1162.9 ha of land in the Badwacho district, hardening of potato stalks (Aarakit, 2021). N fertilization has
Southern Ethiopia was covered by potato with average been reported to increase the average fresh tuber, plant
productivity of 9 t ha-1 under rain-fed conditions in 2017/2018, height, leaf number and tuber weight per plant (Kandil, 2011).
which is very low compared to world productivity (19.5 t ha-1) Sulfur is one of the 16 essential nutrient elements and the
and the national average yield (13.5 t ha-1) of potato. fourth major nutrient after NPK, required by plants for proper
Low nutrient availability is one of the major limiting growth and yield as it has known to take part in many
factors for productivity of potato. Naturally, potato is heavy reactions in all living cells (Sud and Sharma, 2002). A steady

Volume Issue 1
Effects of Blended NPSB Fertilizer Rates on Growth, Yield and Yield Components of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Varieties in...

and prolonged supply of Boron throughout their growing of 19% N, 38% P2O5, 7% S and B 0.1%, substituting DAP
period is necessary for potato where translocation of (MoA, 2013). This blended fertilizer has been currently
photosynthates from source to sink is needed for a longer distributed in the Ethiopian crop production system (MoA,
period (Sarkar et al., 2007). The increase in total tuber yield 2013). Based on the soil fertility map, 13 blended fertilizers
in response to the increased application of the combined containing N, P, K, S, B, Zn and Cu in different blends have
NPSB fertilizers is asso ciated with the increased been recommended for the region (Ethiosis, 2014). In this
photosynthetic activity and translocation of photosynthetic regard, limited information on soil fertility studies for potato
product to the root, which might have helped in the initiation production and soil nutrient management practices in the
of more stolen on potato (Karenlampi and W hite, 2009). study area are the major problems. Therefore, a study on
Therefore, the efficient usage of these nutrients is crucial to the response of potato varieties to different rates of NPSB
improve productivity. fertilizers under this specific agro-ecology is required to
Ethiopian soils are very diverse in terms of inherent come up with optimum fertilizer recommendations. This
and dynamic soil quality (Zelleke et al., 2019). Therefore, study was, therefore, undertaken to investigate the rates of
fertilizer recommendations made based on preliminary blended NPSB fertilizer effect on productivity of potato
studies across diverse agro-ecologies in the country are varieties in the rainy season in Southern Ethiopia.
crucial. Economically feasible fertilizer amount varies with
soil type, fertility status, moisture amount, climatic variables, MATERIALS AND METHODS
crop variety, crop rotation and crop management practices The experiment was conducted in the Miserak Badawacho
(Woldegiorgis et al., 2013). However, Ethiopian farmers rely district at W era gera Kebele, Hadiya Zone, Southern
on only two fertilizer types (UREA and DAP) to supplement Ethiopia in the 2021/2022 main cropping season. The area
the nutrient requirement of the crops. Farmers in the study is geographically located at 7  14  00  N latitude and
area use blanket application without considering the fertility 37 95 00 E longitude with an altitude range of 1966 meters
status of the soil, the environment and the type of varieties. above sea level. It receives a mean annual rainfall of 1800
The Ethiopian agricultural Institution (EIAR), recommends mm with a mean maximum temperature of 16-24C and a
farmers generally to use a rate of 195 kg ha-1 of di-ammonium minimum of 16C (Fig 1).
phosphate (DAP) and 165 kg ha-1 of urea, which sums up to Three potato varieties (Gudene, Belete and Jalene)
account for 111 kg N ha-1 and 90 kg P2O5 ha-1 to satisfy the collected from Holeta Agricultural Research centre, Ethiopia
phosphorous and nitrogen requirements of potato, and one local check from the district were used for the
respectively (Tewodros, 2014). However, studies revealed experiment. The growing conditions and detail descriptions
that the Ethiopian soils lack most of the macro and of each of the varieties are explained in Table 1. The varieties
micronutrients that are required to sustain optimal growth were selected based on their adaptation, better performance
and development of crops (Shiferaw, 2014). and disease resistance in the area. NPSB blended fertilizer
Consequently, the yield and productivity of crops with nutritional composition of 19% Nitrogen, 38% P2O5, 7%
including potato in Ethiopia are much lower than in other Sulfur and 0. 1% Boron was used in the study.
countries. Recently ministry of agriculture (MoA) introduced The four potato varieties (Gudene, Jalene, Belete and
a new brand of NPSB blended fertilizer having a proportion local) and five rates of blended NPSB fertilizer (0, 100, 150,

Fig 1: Observed annual cycle of climatology description of the study area.

2 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE DIGEST - A Research Journal of Agriculture, Animal and Veterinary Sciences
Effects of Blended NPSB Fertilizer Rates on Growth, Yield and Yield Components of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Varieties in...

200 and 250 kg ha-1) were calculated on the basis of the N 70 DAP were collected from 10 representative plants per
and P2O5 fertilizer application rates of recommendation for plot. The remaining parameters like marketable tuber
potato production in the area which is 195 kg ha -1 number per hill, unmarketable tuber number per plant, total
Diammonium Phosphate (DAP) and 165 kg ha-1 urea (Biruk, tuber number per hill, unmarketable tuber yield (t ha-1) and
2018). The experiment was conducted using a randomized total tuber yield (t ha-1) were measured and calculated at
complete block design (RCBD) in factorial arrangements with 100-110 DAP. The averages of 10 plants were used for
three replications. Each plot was arranged with 3 meters wide statistical analysis for each parameter. All the data collected
and 3 meters long and 1 m between blocks. Then the plots were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) procedure
were divided into 4 rows having 10 plants per row. Medium- using GenStat 16 th edition software (GenStat, 2014).
sized, healthy and well-sprouted potato tubers were planted Comparisons among treatment mean with a significant
at the spacing of 30  75 cm accommodating a total population difference for measured characters were done by using
of 40 plants per plot. Plants in the two outer rows, as well as Fisher’s protected least significant difference (LSD) test at
those at both ends of each row were not considered for data a 5% level of significance.
collection to avoid border effects. The treatment combinations The economic analysis was carried out by using the
(Table 2) were formed following the proportion of NPSB methodology described by CIMMYT (1988) in which
percent distribution 19% N, 38% P2O5, 7% S and 0.1% B, prevailing market prices for inputs at planting and outputs
respectively as described by (Ethiosis, 2014). at harvesting were used. All costs and benefits were
Data on different growth and yield components were calculated on a hectare basis in Birr. The concepts used in
recorded on sampled plants and plot basis. Days to 90% the partial budget analysis were the mean tuber yield of
flowering at 50-60 days after planting (DAP), Days to maturity each treatment, the gross benefit (GB) per hectare (the mean
at 90-105 DAP, Plant height (cm) at 70 DAP, Number of yield for each treatment) and the field price of fertilizers (the
leaves/ plants at 70 DAP, Main stems number per plant at costs of NPSB, tuber seed and the application costs).

Table 1: List of potato varieties used in the experiment.

Variety Accession code Year of release Altitude (m.a.s.l) Days to maturity
Belete CIP-393371.58 2009 1600-2800 110-120
Gudene CIP-393371.58 2006 1600-2800 110-120
Jalene CIP-384321.19 2002 1600-2800 110-120
Local - - 1500-2900 90-100
Source: (MOANR, 2016) *HARC= Holetta Agricultural Research Centre.

Table 2: The combination of Fertilizer of experimental treatments and potato varieties.

Elemental composition
Varieties Treatment combination
N P2O 5 S B
Gudene 0 kg NPSB/ha + 0 kg urea/ha 0 0 0 0
Gudene 100 kg NPSB/ha +165 kg urea/ha 94.9 38 7 0.1
Gudene 150 kg NPSB/ha +165 kg urea/ha 104.4 57 10.5 0.15
Gudene 200 kg NPSB/ha +165 kg urea/ha 113.9 76 14 0.2
Gudene 250 kg NPSB/ha +165 kg urea/ha 123.4 95 17.5 0.25
Jalene 0 kg NPSB/ha + 0 kg urea/ha 0 0 0 0
Jalene 100 kg NPSB/ha +165 kg urea/ha 94.9 38 7 0.1
Jalene 150 kg NPSB/ha +165 kg urea/ha 104.4 57 10.5 0.15
Jalene 200 kg NPSB/ha +165 kg urea/ha 113.9 76 14 0.2
Jalene 250 kg NPSB/ha +165 kg urea/ha 123.4 95 17.5 0.25
Belete 0 kg NPSB/ha + 0 kg urea/ha 0 0 0 0
Belete 100 kgNPSB/ha +165 kg urea/ha 94.9 38 7 0.1
Belete 150 kg NPSB/ha +165 kg urea/ha 104.4 57 10.5 0.15
Belete 200 kg NPSB/ha +165 kg urea/ha 113.9 76 14 0.2
Belete 250 kg NPSB/ha +165 kg urea/ha 123.4 95 17.5 0.25
Local 0 kg NPSB/ha + 0 kg urea/ha 0 0 0 0
Local 100 kg NPSB/ha +165 kg urea/ha 94.9 38 7 0.1
Local 150 kg NPSB/ha +165 kg urea/ha 104.4 57 10.5 0.15
Local 200 kg NPSB/ha +165 kg urea/ha 113.9 76 14 0.2
Local 250 kg NPSB/ha +165 kg urea/ha 123.4 57 17.5 0.25

Volume Issue 3
Effects of Blended NPSB Fertilizer Rates on Growth, Yield and Yield Components of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Varieties in...

*, ** and ns probability level at 5%, 1% and non-significant, respectively. D 50% F= Days to 50% flowering; DM= Days to 90% maturity, PH= Plant height (cm), NMS= Number of main
stem hill-1, LN= Leaf number hill-1, ATN= Average tuber number hill-1, ATW = Average tuber weight (g/tuber), MTN= Marketable tuber number hill-1, UMTN= Unmarketable tuner number
The net benefit (NB) was calculated as the difference

2446.22**
540.86**
between the gross benefit and the total cost that varies (TCV)

73.11**
2.267
1.84
TTY

7.2
Appendix Table 1: Mean square of growth, yield and yield components of potato varieties as influenced by NPSB fertilizer rate at Mera Gera kebele 2021 cropping season.
using the formula as described by CIMMYT (1988).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

2207.89**
481.61**

68.61**
The analysis of variance showed that days to 50% flowering

MTY
2.73

2.44
8.2
and 90% maturity were significantly influenced by variety
and blended NPSB fertilizer rates. Similarly, the interaction
effect of variety  NPSB fertilizer rates were significantly
(P<0.05) and highly significantly (P<0.001) affected the days

0.12ns
UMTN

0.71**
0.12ns

0.17
39.8
0.11
to 50% flowering and days to 90% maturity, respectively
(Appendix Table 1). All the tested varieties of potato in the
plots that did not receive fertilizer (control plot) and 100 kg ha-1
NPSB fertilizer showed earliness to maturity, these could

112.68**
38.87**
be related to the characteristics of most plants that produces

6.34**
MTN
0.47

0.42
8.7
flower under stress condition to perpetuate themselves. On
the other hand, potato varieties in all other plots that received
(200 and 250 kg ha-1 NPSB) blended fertilizer rates showed

3803.85**
delayed 90% maturity (Table 3). The differences in the days

335.33**

14.47**
13.86

13.91
ATW

7.2
to 50% flowering and days to 90% maturity among the
varieties can be due to their genetic variability in response

hill-1, MTY= Marketable tuber yield (t ha-1), UMTY= Unmarketable tuber yield (t ha-1), TTY= Total tuber yield (t ha-1).
to the different application rates of blended NPSB fertilizer.
Mekonnen (2019) also reported that delayed days to 50%

117.01**
42.38**

6.54**
flowering and 90% maturity in plants were increased with
0.24

0.23
ATN

5.8
increased blended NPSB fertilizer rates. The increment in
days to 50% flower initiation and 90% of physiological
maturity, with the increasing application of blended fertilizer,
27665.43**
11940.26**
this might be attributed to the positive effect of nitrogen that 819.57**
46.08

stimulated growth and prolonged vegetative phase (Khan 17.94

1.6
LN

et al., 2009). Similarly, Biruk (2018) also reported that

increasing NPSB application from 0 to 200 kg ha-1 prolonged
the days to 50% flowering and 90% maturity of plants by
14.29**
8.37**

1.16**

two and three days, respectively compared to the control

NMS
0.07

0.09
6.3

plots. The result also in agreement with Sharma et al. (2015)

and Belachew (2016), who reported that the application of
NPSB fertilizer delayed the flowering stage.
2114.14**
565.17**
PH (cm)

38.73**
0.1996
36.09

Plant height and number of the main stem

4.1

Plant height and number of main stems/hills were

significantly affected by variety and blended NPSB fertilizer
rates. The interaction of variety  NPSB fertilizer had also a
209.18**

significant effect on these traits (Appendix Table1). Variety

9.09**

1.18**
0.19
DM

0.2
0.4

Belete had significantly highest number of main stems/hills

and tallest plant height with application of 250 kg h-1 NPSB
fertilizer rates (Table 4). Gudene variety also had a
D 50% F

significantly higher number of main stems/hills than the local

8.39**
2.99**
0.45*
0.15

0.21
0.9

did and Jalene varieties on the same level 250 kg ha-1 NPSB
fertilizer rates (Table 4), this demonstrates that potato
varieties had differential response to the applied NPSB
fertilizer rates. The variety Gudene gave the highest (84.4 cm)
DF

12
38
2
4
3

plant height at 250 kg NPSB ha-1 fertilizer application rates,

followed by Belete (82.27) on the same level of NPSB. The
increase in plant height in relation to increased application
NPSB*Variety

of NPSB fertilizer rates may be attributed to the influence of

NPSB fer

the nutrients contained on enhancing plant growth owing to

CV (%)
Variety

their contribution to enhanced cell division and stem

Error
SOV
Rep

elongation promoting leaf expansion and vegetative growth

4 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE DIGEST - A Research Journal of Agriculture, Animal and Veterinary Sciences
Effects of Blended NPSB Fertilizer Rates on Growth, Yield and Yield Components of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Varieties in...

of plants. According to Mekonnen (2019) the tallest plants of more stem. Increasing the rate of NPSB fertilizer increased
(67.13 cm) were recorded in plots that received 300 kg ha-1 plant height and main stem number per hill linearly in all the
NPSB fertilizer which was statically at par with 250 kg ha-1 four varieties. Increasing the rate of the fertilizer application
NPSB fertilizer, while variety Belete attained shortest plant from 0 to 250 kg NPSB ha-1 increased the plant height and
height (54.21 cm) in plots which received 0 NPSB fertilizer. main stems number per hill (Table 5). Nitrogen uptake by
Gudene and Belete varieties also attained the highest plant roots from the soil might sufficiently enhanced
main stem number (6.8 and 7.7 hill-1, respectively) from 250 vegetative growth. Moreover, Belachew (2016) reported that
kg ha-1 NPSB fertilizer application rates while the shortest plant height is increased with increasing application of NPSB
plants (37.8 cm) and lowest main stem number (3.13 hill-1) fertilizer from 0 to 350 kg ha-1. Similarly, Habtamu et al.
were registered at the local variety in the unfertilized plot (2016) demonstrated that increasing the rate of phosphorus
(Table 4). This indicated that low rate of fertilizer application from nil to 230 kg P 2O 5 ha-1 resulted in highly significant
retarded plant height and reduced potato plant in production increase in plant height.

Table 3: Interaction effect of blended NPSB fertilizer and potato varieties on days to 50% flowering and 90% maturity at Miserak Badawacho
district during the 2022 cropping season.
NPSB (kg-ha) Gudene Belete Jalene Local
Days to 50% flowering
0 52.7±0.1bcd 51.9±0.3a 53.2±0.2cdefg 51.9±0.1a
bcde b efghi
100 53.1±0.1 52.6±0.1 53.5±0.3 52.7±0.2bc
bcde bcde fhij
150 53.1±0.1 53.0±0.1 53.7±0.2 53.1±0.2bcde
efghij bcde k
200 53.5±0.5 53.1±0.2 54.3±0.2 53.0±0.0bcde
jk cdef ijk
250 54.0±0 53.2±0.2 53.9±0.1 53.3±0.1defgh
LSD (0.05) 0.5
Mean 53.1
CV (%) 0.9
Days to 90% maturity
0 93.1±0.1g 99.7±0.5de 99.1±0.1e 101.5±0.3c
g d e
100 93.2±0.3 100.4±0.2 99.0±0.1 101.9±0.1abc
fg abc d
150 93.8±0.1 101.9±0.5 99.9±0.5 101.7±0.3bc
f abc c
200 94.5±0.1 102.3±0.1 101.5±0.3 101.5±0.2c
f a abc
250 94.4±0.1 102.7±0.2 102.0±0.0 102.5±0.1ab
LSD (0.05) 0.7
Mean 99.3
CV (%) 0.4
Mean values with standard error of the mean followed by the same letter(s) within columns did not show significant differences at a 5%
probability level. LSD (5%) = Least significant difference at P<0.05.

Table 4: Interaction effect of blended NPSB fertilizer and potato variety on plant height (cm) and Main stem number per hill at Miserak
Badawacho district during the 2022 cropping season.
NPSB Plant height (cm) Main stem number
-ha
(kg ) Gudene Belete Jalene Local Gudene Belete Jalene Local
0 60.7±1.0de 60.6±1.3de 50.1±1.9h 37.8±2.5j 4.1±0.2gh 3.6±0hi 4.3±0.2fg 3.1±0.2i
100 62.7±1.2cd 62.7±1.5cd 51.3±0.7h 45.1±1.0i 4.5±0.2fg 4.5±0.1cd 4.8±0.4ef 3.7±0.1hi
150 66.7±2.0c 65.5±2.7c 52.6±1.3gh 44.3±1.2i 5.7±0.2cd 5.7±0.1cd 5.2±0.2de 3.5±0.1i
200 76.6±1.0b 74.7±1.7a 57.1±1.2ef 50.2±2.2h 6.4±0.3b 5.6±0.1cd 5.6±0.1cd 3.3±0.2i
250 84.4±0.3a 82.3±1.2b 56.1±0.9fg 52.8±1.9gh 6.8±0.1ab 5.8±0.2c 5.7±0.1c 3.7±0.1hi
LSD (0.05) 4.0 0.51
Mean 59.7 6.3
CV (%) 4.1 4.9
Means with standard error in columns and rows followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different at 5% level of significance;
LSD (0.05) = Least significant difference at 5% level; CV = Coefficient of variation.

Volume Issue 5
Effects of Blended NPSB Fertilizer Rates on Growth, Yield and Yield Components of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Varieties in...

Number of leaves per hill tubers (Appendix Table 1). The average tuber number per
Number of potato leaf was highly significantly (P<0.001) hill increased with an increase blended NPSB fertilizer rates.
influenced by rates of NPSB fertilizers and varieties. The The highest tuber number per hill 14.3, 12.8, 8.8 and 6.0
interaction of variety  NPSB fertilizer had also a significant were obtained from Gudene, Belete, Jalene and local
effect on the number of leaves (Appendix Table 1). The varieties, respectively at 250 kg NPSB ha -1 fertilizer
maximum number of leaf (342.9, 334.2, 314.6 and 272.5) on application rate compared to the number of tubers per hill
Gudene, Belete Jalene and local, respectively were recorded produced by those varieties at 0 kg of NPSB ha-1 (Table 6)
from plots with 250 kg ha-1 NPSB application followed by 200 demonstrating potato varieties showed high response to
and 150 kg ha-1 application rates, this could be due surplus NPSB fertilizer.
application of blended fertilizer while the lowest number of The current results are similar to the findings of
leaves were recorded from unfertilized plot (Table 5). This Habtamu et al. (2016), who reported that increasing the
result is in line with the report of Diriba and Tilaye (2020), application of nitrogen and phosphorus increased the total
who reported the maximum number of leaves from the plot tuber number per hill. The highest (9.00) average tuber
received 200 kg ha-1 NPSB, followed by 150 and 100 kg ha-1 number was recorded from Belete variety while the lowest
of NPSB application rates. W hereas, the lowest number of (8.61) was recorded from variety Gudene with zero fertilizer
leaves was recorded from unfertilized plots followed by plots application (Shunka, 2021). In their study, the highest
fertilized with 50 kg ha-1 Gudene variety. (10.36/hill) average tuber number was recorded from
variety Belete at 200 NPSB + 150 urea kg/ha treatment
Average tuber number per hill and the lowest (7.00/hill) average tuber number produced
Average number tubers were highly significantly (P<0.001) from Belete variety grown without fertilizers while Gudene
influenced by the rates of NPSB fertilizers and varieties. provided the highest 10.83 average tuber number per hill
The interaction effect of blended NPSB fertilizer rates and at 300 NPSB + 150 urea kg/ha and the lowest (6.24)
variety also significantly influenced the average number recorded at control treatment.

Table 5: Interaction effect of blended NPSB fertilizer rates and potato variety on leaf number at Miserak Badawacho district during the
2022 cropping season.
Blended NPSB Average number of leaves per hill
-1
(kg ha ) Gudene Belete Jalene Local
0 204.9±1.5j 210.4±0.5j 203.9±1.3j 182.3±1.4k
100 246.2±0.5h 255.6±3.8g 240.8±5.2h 210.2±0.8j
150 322.3±2.3d 321.1±1.6de 256.4±4.4g 229.7±4.5i
200 340.1±1.7ab 329.9±1.4c 274.6±3.5f 268.4±2.7f
250 342.9±1.6a 334.2±1.3bc 314.6±1.6e 272.5±1.6f
LSD (5%) 7.0
Mean 268.1
CV% 1.6
Means with standard error in columns and rows followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different at a 5% level of significance;
LSD (0.05) = Least significant difference at a 5% level; CV = Coefficient of variation.

Table 6: Interaction effect of blended NPSB fertilizer and variety on average tuber number at Miserak Badawacho district during 2022
cropping season.
NPSB rates Average tuber number per hill
-1
(kg ha ) Belete Gudene Jalene Local
0 8.7±0.5ij 5.5±0.2ef 6.2±0.5hi 4.2±0.4k
100 9.7±0.1gh 6.9±0.2 d 6.7±0.2h 3.8±0.4k
150 11.5±0.3bc 12.0±0.3c 6.5±0.1h 5.1±0.1j
200 12.3±0.2b 12.3±0.2bc 7.7±0.2fg 5.1±0.2j
250 12.8±0.1b 14.3±0.3a 8.8±0.3e 6.0±0.2hi
LSD (5%) 0.80
Mean 8.32
CV (%) 5.8
Means with standard error in columns and rows followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different at 5% level of significance;
LSD (0.05) = Least significant difference at 5% level; CV = Coefficient of variation.

6 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE DIGEST - A Research Journal of Agriculture, Animal and Veterinary Sciences
Effects of Blended NPSB Fertilizer Rates on Growth, Yield and Yield Components of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Varieties in...

Table 7: Interaction effects of blended NPSB fertilizer and potato variety on average tuber weight (g) at Miserak Badawacho district
during 2022 cropping season.
NPSB rates Average tuber weight (g)
-1
(kg ha ) Belete Gudene Jelene Local
0 64.3±0.3b 43.9±1.0fg 35.8±3.4hi 29.6±3.9i
100 72.5±0.8a 53.0±0.4de 41.8±1.2fgh 35.7±3.8hi
150 74.3±0.3a 55.6±0.6cd 46.5±3.3ef 38.6±2.5gh
200 76.2±0.4a 60.3±0.1bc 48.6±1.3ef 37.7±3.7gh
250 76.0±0.6a 64.5±1.0b 46.6±0.4ef 38.5±3.5gh
LSD (5%) 6.17
Mean 52.0
CV% 7.20
Mean values with standard error followed by the same letter(s) in columns and rows of each traits had nonsignificant differences at a 5%
probability level. LSD (5%) = Least significant difference at P<0.05.

Table 8: Unmarketable tuber yield (t ha-1) of potato varieties at Miserak average tuber weight is obtained in response to the
Badawacho district during 2022 cropping season. increased supply of blended NPSB fertilizer might be due
Varieties Unmarketable tuber yield (t ha-1) to more fast growth, more foliage and increase in leaf area
Gudene 2.9±0.3a
and higher supply of phosphorous-containing fertilizer, which
may have induced formation of bigger tubers thereby
Belete 2.7±0.4a
resulting in higher average tuber weight. Boron does have
Jalene 1.3±1.5b
a direct influence on yield or related attributes as it plays a
Local 1.6±0.2b
great role in root development through which, it facilitates
CV % 39.1
more nutrient-up take and more stolen development used
LSD (5%) 0.69
to produce more tubers.
Mean 2.1
Unmarketable tuber yield (t ha-1)
Means with standard error in column followed by the same letter(s)
are not significantly different at a 5% level of significance; LSD The analysis of variance showed that the effect of rates of
(0.05) = Least significant difference at a 5% level; CV = Coefficient blended fertilizer was non-significant but variety had a
of variation. significant effect (p<0.001) on unmarketable tuber yield of
potato. This indicates the performance of variety is not
Average tuber weight (ATW) per hill dependent on the different application of blended NPSB
fertilize for this trait. The heaviest unmarketable tuber yield
The ANOVA result revealed that ATW highly significantly
(2.88 and 2.68 t ha-1) was recorded from Gudene and Belete
(P<0.001) influenced by the rates of NPSB fertilizers and
varieties, respectively (Table 8). Inconsistent with this result
varieties. This trait was also influenced by the interaction
(Fantaw et al., 2019) stated that a minimum unmarketable
effect of blended NPSB fertilizer rates and variety (Appendix
tuber yield was recorded from the application of 55-9.87-25.4
Table 1). Increased rates of blended NPSB fertilizer
kg ha-1 of blended NPS fertilizer (N 2/S 2/P 2O 5), while the
increased average tuber weight for all varieties that can be
maximum unmarketable yield was measured from unfertilized
associated with enhanced fertility allow tuber expansion. The
treatments in the Northern part of Ethiopia. However, the mean
highest tuber weights were recorded from Belete (76.00 g)
values of unmarketable tuber yields due to fertilizer types
and Gudene (64.5 g) and at a rate of 250 kg NPSB Kg ha-1
(NPS, NPSB and NPSZn) were not statistically different from
followed by Jalene variety (46.0 g) and the lowest was
each other (Diriba and Tilaye, 2020).
recorded at unfertilized plots and lower rates 0-100 kg NPSB
Kg ha-1 all varieties (Table 7). These results demonstrated Marketable and total tuber yields (t ha-1)
that high amount of NPSB fertilizer is important to attain The marketable tuber and total tuber yields were significantly
greater tuber weight as potato is heavy feeder of nutrient. affected by variety and blended NPSB fertilizer rates. The
The highest ATW 0.98 kg/hill observed on fertilizer rate 150 interaction of variety x NPSB fertilizer had also a significant
NPSB + 250 urea kg/ha and the lowest ATW 0.61 kg/hill effect (Appendix Table1). Increasing blended NPSB fertilizer
was reported in control plot. Similarly, Shunka (2021) application generally increased marketable tuber yields and
reported that the highest (1.00 kg/hill) ATW was recorded total tuber yields of the tested potato varieties. The highest
from variety Belete while lowest 0.72 kg/hill ATW was marketable tuber yield and total tuber yields of the Belete
recorded from variety Gudene. The finding of Mulubrhan variety (39.93 t ha-1 and 43.8 t ha-1) were recorded at the
(2004) also demonstrated that the application of N and P rate of (250 kg NPSB ha-1) fertilizer application, respectively
significantly increased average tuber weight (ATW ). (Table 9). However, the lowest marketable tuber yield and
According to the report of Muluneh (2018) the increment of total tuber yield of (4.23 t ha-1 and 5.34 t ha-1) were recorded

Volume Issue 7
Effects of Blended NPSB Fertilizer Rates on Growth, Yield and Yield Components of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Varieties in...

from unfertilized local variety plots respectively (Table 9), applied fertilizer differently and this could be the reason for
showing local varieties are also very responsive to inorganic difference in marketable tuber yield.
fertilizer application. The increase in the yield of tubers with Variety Belete showed the highest number of total tuber
an increase in applied fertilizer was associated with yield with 200 kg h-1 NPSB fertilizer application rates (Table 9).
increasing in the number of tubers in the medium and large Gudene also had a significantly higher total tuber yields than
categories at the expense of the small ones due to an the local and Jalene varieties on the same level 250 kg h-1
increase in the weight of individual tubers (Sharma et al., NPSB fertilizer rates. Increasing blended NPSB fertilizer
2015). The varieties exhibited differential yielding abilities application generally increased total tuber yields of the tested
in the study area. In general, Gudene and Belete varieties potato varieties. The highest total tuber yields of the Belete
are best performing in this study. The varieties utilized variety (43.8 t ha-1) were recorded at the rate of 200 kg NPSB ha-1

Table 9: Interaction effect of blended NPSB fertilizer and varieties on marketable tuber and total tuber yields t ha-1 of potato varieties at
Miserak Badawacho district during 2022 cropping season.
NPSB Marketable tuber yield (t ha-1) Total tuber yield (t ha-1)
-1
(kg ha ) Gudene Belete Jalene Local Gudene Belete Jalene Local
0 8.5±0.7i 21.8±1.6e 7.2±0.5i 4.2±0.8j 10.7±0.5hij 23.0±1.4f 8.4±0.7jk 5.3±0.7l
100 13.8±1.3gh 28.6±1.1d 11.4±1.0h 4.6±0.2j 16.4±0.4g 32.3±0.7de 12.5±0.9hi 6.0±0.8kl
150 27.6±1.4d 38.3±1.2ab 11.7±0.6h 7.4±0.7i 30.2±1.0e 39.9±0.8c 13.1±1.0h 8.6±0.7j
200 31.5±0.5c 40.3±1.2a 15.2±0.2fg 7.4±0.8i 33.8±1.4d 43.8±1.4a 16.6±0.2g 9.9±1.1ij
250 36.8±0.2b 39.9±0.6a 17.0±0.7f 8.1±0.9i 40.8±0.4bc 43.3±0.4ab 18.2±0.7g 10.1±0.7ij
CV (%) 8.2 7.1
LSD (5%) 2.6 2.5
Mean 19.1 21.1
Means with standard error in columns and rows followed by the same letter(s) are not significantly different at 5% level of significance;
LSD (0.05) = Least significant difference at 5% level; CV = Coefficient of variation.

Table 10: Partial budget analysis of effects of blended NPSB fertilizer rates and variety on yield-related traits and tuber yield of potato
Miserak Badawacho during 2022 cropping season.
Treatments AMTY AMTY TVC GB MRR
Variety (ETB ha-1)
NPSB (kg ha-1) (t/ha) (t ha-1) (ETB ha-1) (ETB ha-1) (%)
0 Gudene 8.53 7.67 36,600 76,700 40,100
100 Gudene 13.78 12.40 46,700 124,400 77,700 372.27
150 Gudene 27.57 24.81 48,900 248,100 199,200 5522.72
200 Gudene 31.46 28.31 49,120 283,100 233,980 1580.9
250 Gudene 36.79 33.04 51,320 330.400 279,080 2050
0 Belete 21.7 19.53 36,600 195,300 158,700 -
100 Belete 28.63 25.76 46,700 257,600 210,900 516.8
150 Belete 38.27 34.44 48,900 344,400 295,500 3845.4
200 Belete 40.33 36.29 49,120 362,900 313,780 840
250 Belete 39.99 36.00 51,320 360,000 308,680 D
0 Jalene 7.23 6.50 36,600 65,000 28,400 -
100 Jalene 11.43 10.28 46,700 102,800 56100 274.2
150 Jalene 11.73 10.55 48,900, 105,500 56600 22.72
200 Jalene 15.2 13.68 49,900 136,800 86,900 1377.27
250 Jalene 17.03 15.32 51320 153,200 101,880 680.9
0 Local 4.23 3.80 31,800 38,000 6200 -
100 Local 4.63 4.16 41,900 41,600 -300 D
150 Local 7.43 6.68 44,100 66,800 22700 1045.4
200 Local 7.43 6.68 46,300 66,800 20500 D
250 Local 8.13 7.3 48,500 73,000 24500 181.81
Where: Cost of fertilizer NPSB = 44 Birr kg-1, Cost of tuber seed = 10 Birr kg-1; Fertilizer application cost = 4400 Birr ha-1, potato tuber
local selling price = 10 Birr kg-1, AMTY= Adjusted marketable tuber yield, TVC = Total variable cost, GB = Gross benefit, NB = Net
benefit, MRR = Marginal rate of return, ETB = Ethiopian birr.

8 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE DIGEST - A Research Journal of Agriculture, Animal and Veterinary Sciences
Effects of Blended NPSB Fertilizer Rates on Growth, Yield and Yield Components of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Varieties in...

and Gudene variety (40.8 t ha-1) at a rate of 250 kg NPSB The result revealed that the different NPSB fertilizer
ha-1 fertilizer application (Table 9). Similarly, the findings of application rates and varieties showed differential response
Muluneh (2018) stated that the highest total tuber yield on the growth, yield and yield related traits of potato. The
(41.19 t ha-1) was recorded from 300 kg ha-1 NPSB applied highest marketable tuber yield (40.33 t ha-1) and total tuber
on variety Belete which was statistically at par with variety yield (43.80 t ha-1) were recorded in Belete variety with
Gudene; while the lowest total tuber yield (15.7 t ha-1) was application rate of 200 kg ha-1 NPSB fertilizer and the highest
recorded from unfertilized plots from Jalene, Gudene and marketable tuber yield (36.8 t ha-1) and total tuber yield (40.8
Belete varieties. Fikre (2018) reported that the increase in t ha-1) were recorded in Gudene variety with application rate
total tuber yield in response to the increased application of of 250 kg ha-1 NPSB fertilizer. In terms of economic feasibility,
the combined NPSB fertilizers might be due to the increased Gudene variety at 150 kg ha-1 NPSB fertilizer was found to
photosynthetic activity and translocation of photosynthetic show the highest marginal rate of return and net benefit. In
product to the root, which might have helped in the initiation addition, 150 kg ha-1 NPSB fertilizer for Belete variety showed
of more stolen on potato. a marginal rate of return with acceptable net benefit.
In the interaction of variety and rates, Belete gave its Therefore, potato-growing farmers are advised to apply 150
maximum 51.16 t/ha tuber yield at 300 kg/ha NPSB + 150 kg ha-1 of NPSB fertilizer to grow Gudene variety and the
kg/ha urea followed by 49.92 t/ha at 150 kg/ha NSB + 250 same application rate for Belete variety can be considered
kg/ha urea while the lowest 33.26 t/ha tuber yield was as an alternative recommendation to increase the
recorded from control. Application of 250 NPSB + 150 urea
productivity of potato in the study area. Thus, it is
kg/ ha to Gudene triggered to produce maximum yield 39.09
recommended to conduct further studies by considering the
kg/ha followed by 150 kg/ha NPSB + 250 kg/ha urea while
Belete and Gudene potato varieties and different rate of
the lowest yield 23.25 t/ha was obtained from control. Belete
NPSB fertilizer to make sound recommendations to enhance
variety showed tuber yield increment from 33.26 to 51.16 t/ha
productivity of potato in the area.
as a result of increasing fertilizers from 0-300 NPSB + 150
urea kg/ha which is 54% while Gudene provided the tuber
yield increase due to increasing fertilizers from 0 to150 kg/ha ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
NPSB + 250 kg/ha urea (Shunka, 2021). We would like to express our special appreciation to all staff
members of Miserak Badawacho District Agriculture and
Economic analysis
Natural resource office for technical, material and financial
According to CIMMYT (1988), the partial budget analysis support.
included the total variable costs and net benefits of each
Conflict of interest
treatment. In this study, the costs of fertilizer and cost for
transporting and application varied, while other costs were The authors declare there is no conflict of interest.
constant for each treatment. Therefore, the fertilizer and
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