8085 Microprocessor - Unit II: Important Questions & Answers (Expanded Version)

Q1. Data Transfer Instructions (10 Marks)

Data transfer instructions are the backbone of microprocessor programming. These instructions are used to

move data between registers, memory, and I/O devices. They do not change the content of the source but copy

it to the destination.

Types of Data Transfer Instructions:

1. Register to Register Transfer:

MOV instruction is used to transfer data between registers.

Example: MOV A, B - copies data from B to A.

2. Memory to Register / Register to Memory:

MOV M, A - store A into memory addressed by HL.

MOV A, M - load A from memory addressed by HL.

3. Immediate Addressing:

MVI A, 25H - loads 25H into A.

4. Direct Addressing:

LDA 2050H - loads A from memory location 2050H.

STA 2070H - stores A into memory location 2070H.

5. Register Pair Transfer:

LXI H, 2500H - loads 2500H into HL.

LDAX B - loads A from memory addressed by BC.

6. I/O Transfer:

IN 01H - receives data from port 01H into A.

OUT 02H - sends A to port 02H.

7. Instruction Summary:

| Instruction | Description | Example |

|-------------|-------------|---------|

| MOV | Reg <-> Reg/Mem | MOV B, C |

| MVI | Load immediate | MVI A, 20H |

| LXI | Load RP | LXI H, 3000H |

| LDA/STA | Direct Mem | LDA 3050H |

| IN/OUT | I/O Ports | IN 01H |

These instructions enable effective data handling and are widely used in all types of programs.

Q1. Data Transfer Instructions (10 Marks)

Data transfer instructions are the backbone of microprocessor programming. These instructions are used to

move data between registers, memory, and I/O devices. They do not change the content of the source but copy

it to the destination.

Types of Data Transfer Instructions:

1. Register to Register Transfer:

Example: MOV A, B - copies data from B to A.

2. Memory to Register / Register to Memory:

MOV M, A - store A into memory addressed by HL.

MOV A, M - load A from memory addressed by HL.

3. Immediate Addressing:

MVI A, 25H - loads 25H into A.

4. Direct Addressing:

LDA 2050H - loads A from memory location 2050H.

STA 2070H - stores A into memory location 2070H.

5. Register Pair Transfer:

LXI H, 2500H - loads 2500H into HL.

STAX D - stores A into memory addressed by DE.

LDAX B - loads A from memory addressed by BC.

6. I/O Transfer:

IN 01H - receives data from port 01H into A.

OUT 02H - sends A to port 02H.

7. Instruction Summary:

| Instruction | Description | Example |

|-------------|-------------|---------|

| MOV | Reg <-> Reg/Mem | MOV B, C |

| LXI | Load RP | LXI H, 3000H |

| LDA/STA | Direct Mem | LDA 3050H |

| IN/OUT | I/O Ports | IN 01H |

These instructions enable effective data handling and are widely used in all types of programs.

Q1. Data Transfer Instructions (10 Marks)

Data transfer instructions are the backbone of microprocessor programming. These instructions are used to

move data between registers, memory, and I/O devices. They do not change the content of the source but copy

it to the destination.

Types of Data Transfer Instructions:

1. Register to Register Transfer:

MOV instruction is used to transfer data between registers.

Example: MOV A, B - copies data from B to A.

2. Memory to Register / Register to Memory:

MOV M, A - store A into memory addressed by HL.

MOV A, M - load A from memory addressed by HL.

3. Immediate Addressing:

MVI A, 25H - loads 25H into A.

4. Direct Addressing:
LDA 2050H - loads A from memory location 2050H.

STA 2070H - stores A into memory location 2070H.

5. Register Pair Transfer:

LXI H, 2500H - loads 2500H into HL.

STAX D - stores A into memory addressed by DE.

LDAX B - loads A from memory addressed by BC.

6. I/O Transfer:

IN 01H - receives data from port 01H into A.

OUT 02H - sends A to port 02H.

7. Instruction Summary:

| Instruction | Description | Example |

|-------------|-------------|---------|

| MOV | Reg <-> Reg/Mem | MOV B, C |

| MVI | Load immediate | MVI A, 20H |

| LXI | Load RP | LXI H, 3000H |

| LDA/STA | Direct Mem | LDA 3050H |

| IN/OUT | I/O Ports | IN 01H |

These instructions enable effective data handling and are widely used in all types of programs.

Q2. Arithmetic and Logical Instructions (Short Answer)

8085 microprocessor supports arithmetic (ADD, SUB, INR, DCR) and logical (ANA, ORA, XRA, CMP)

operations.
Examples:

- ADD B: Adds content of B to A.

- CMP C: Compares A and C.

- ANA D: AND operation.

- ORA B: OR operation.

Flags are affected after these operations.

Q3. Jump, Call and Return Instructions (10 Marks)

Control transfer instructions allow the microprocessor to change the sequence of execution.

1. Unconditional Jump:

JMP 2050H - program control jumps to 2050H.

2. Conditional Jumps:

JC 2050H - if carry flag is set, jump to 2050H.

Other examples: JZ, JNZ, JP, JM

3. Call Instructions:

CALL 3000H - calls subroutine.

CC 3000H - conditional call if carry set.

4. Return Instructions:

RET - return from subroutine.

RC - return if carry is set.

5. RST Instructions:
RST 0 to RST 7 - software interrupts.

These instructions help in modular programming, looping, conditional execution, and interrupt servicing.

Q3. Jump, Call and Return Instructions (10 Marks)

Control transfer instructions allow the microprocessor to change the sequence of execution.

1. Unconditional Jump:

JMP 2050H - program control jumps to 2050H.

2. Conditional Jumps:

JC 2050H - if carry flag is set, jump to 2050H.

Other examples: JZ, JNZ, JP, JM

3. Call Instructions:

CALL 3000H - calls subroutine.

CC 3000H - conditional call if carry set.

4. Return Instructions:

RET - return from subroutine.

RC - return if carry is set.

5. RST Instructions:

RST 0 to RST 7 - software interrupts.

These instructions help in modular programming, looping, conditional execution, and interrupt servicing.
Q3. Jump, Call and Return Instructions (10 Marks)

Control transfer instructions allow the microprocessor to change the sequence of execution.

1. Unconditional Jump:

JMP 2050H - program control jumps to 2050H.

2. Conditional Jumps:

JC 2050H - if carry flag is set, jump to 2050H.

Other examples: JZ, JNZ, JP, JM

3. Call Instructions:

CALL 3000H - calls subroutine.

CC 3000H - conditional call if carry set.

4. Return Instructions:

RET - return from subroutine.

RC - return if carry is set.

5. RST Instructions:

RST 0 to RST 7 - software interrupts.

These instructions help in modular programming, looping, conditional execution, and interrupt servicing.

Q4. Stack and Stack-related Operations (5 Marks)

Instructions:

- PUSH RP: Push content of register pair to stack.

- POP RP: Pop content from stack to register pair.

- XTHL: Exchange top of stack with HL.

- SPHL: Copy HL to stack pointer.

Used in function calls, interrupt service routines, and temporary storage.

Q5. Machine Control Instructions (5 Marks)

These instructions control internal operations of the microprocessor.

- HLT: Halts the processor.

- NOP: No operation.

- DI: Disable interrupts.

- EI: Enable interrupts.

- SIM: Set interrupt mask.

- RIM: Read interrupt mask.

Used for managing execution, interrupts, and communication control.

Q6. Addressing Modes (Short Answer)

1. Immediate: Data provided in instruction (MVI A, 20H)

2. Register: Data from registers (MOV A, B)

3. Direct: Address given (LDA 2050H)

5. Implied: Operation implied (CMA, RAL)