Class 8th

Sst

Chapter 12th

Parliamentary Government

12.1 a

1. Give one reason why you think there should be universal adult franchise

One reason for universal adult franchise is that it ensures equal representation in government. Every adult citizen,
regardless of their background, has the right to have a say in the decisions that affect their lives. This promotes fairness
and equality, ensuring that all voices, particularly those of marginalized or minority groups, are heard in the political
process. It strengthens the foundation of democracy by reflecting the will of the entire population.

2. Do you think there would be any difference if the class monitor was selected by the teacher or elected by the student?
Discuss.

Yes, there would be a difference in how the class monitor is perceived. If selected by the teacher, the monitor might be
viewed as more authoritative and respected for their qualities deemed important by the teacher. However, if elected by
the students, the monitor could be seen as more relatable and trustworthy, as they were chosen by their peers, which
may foster a stronger sense of connection and cooperation within the class.

12.1b Think And Write

12.1c Think And Write

12.1d Discussion Activity

Class will be divided into 3 groups

Each group will be given a topic

Group a – 27% seats are reserved for socially and educationally backward class

Group b – 1/3rd seats are reserved for women

Group c- adult age being reduced from 18 to 16 in criminal cases

Students will answer the following questions according to the topics given :

a)Why is this law important?

b)Who benefits from it?

c) Should it be changed or improved? Why?

12.1e Think And Write 12.1f Video Activity

12.1g Think And Write

State Union
Government Government

Which political party/parties are currently

Who (name) is the current representative

Which political parties currently form the

When were elections last held?

When will the next elections be held.

ow man women representatives are there

12.2b Think And Speak

a) In the event of no party securing a majority in the Lok Sabha, the President should appoint as Prime Minister the
leader of the party or coalition that is most likely to command the majority support in the House, either through an
existing coalition or by securing the backing of smaller parties or independent members, ensuring they can prove their
majority in a confidence vote.

b) If I were given the power to change one rule about the President’s executive powers, I would propose limiting the use
of "ordinance power" by the President, which allows for the issuance of laws when Parliament is not in session. This
power should be used only in urgent situations and with greater checks, as it can bypass the democratic process and
potentially be misused for political advantage. Ensuring a more transparent and accountable process would strengthen
the role of Parliament and uphold democratic principles.

12.2c Think And Write 12.2d Think And Write

12.2e Think And Speak

a) Elected ministers set policy and make strategic decisions based on public mandate, while civil servants implement
these policies, providing expertise and continuity. While both roles are crucial, elected ministers likely have a greater
impact on governance, as they shape the direction of government and make final decisions on laws and policies,
directly reflecting the will of the people. Civil servants play a vital role in execution, but the ministers' leadership
drives the overall vision and goals of the government.

b)As a civil servant in the IAS, I would ensure effective policy implementation by maintaining a strong focus on
professionalism, transparency, and accountability. I would work closely with all stakeholders to create clear action
plans, regularly monitor progress, and adapt strategies as needed, while remaining neutral by avoiding political
influence, serving all governments equally, and sticking strictly to the principles of public administration. This
approach ensures the policies are executed efficiently while upholding the integrity and impartiality required in a civil
service role.

12.2f Think And Write

1. Name the three components of Indian Parliament.

Ans. The three components of the Indian Parliament are:

1. The President of India

2. How many nominated members are there in the Rajya Sabha?

Ans.1. The Rajya Sabha has 12 nominated members.

2. These members are nominated by the President of India.

3. They are experts in fields like literature, science, art, or social services.

3.What is the total strength of Lok Sabha?

Ans.-> The total strength of the Lok Sabha is 545 members.

->This includes 543 elected members from constituencies across India

-> 2 nominated members from the Anglo-Indian community (though this provision was abolished by the 104th
Constitutional Amendment in 2019).

4. What is impeachment?

Ans. Impeachment is the formal process of removing a public official, such as the President of India, from office for
violating the Constitution or committing serious misconduct. It requires a two-thirds majority in both houses of
Parliament.

5. Mention any one executive power of the President.

Ans. One executive power of the President of India is the power to appoint the Prime Minister and other ministers, who
form the Council of Ministers and assist in the administration of the government.

B.

1. Describe the three organs of the government.

Ans. The three organs of the government are :

 Legislature: The body responsible for making laws, consisting of the Parliament (Lok Sabha and Rajya
Sabha in India).

 Executive: The branch that implements and enforces laws, headed by the President, Prime Minister, and
Council of Ministers.

 Judiciary: The system of courts that interprets and applies the law, ensuring justice and constitutional
compliance, with the Supreme Court at the apex.

2. Describe various stages through which ordinary bill becomes an act.

 Debate and Voting: The bill is debated and voted on in the House where it was introduced.

 Approval by the Other House: The bill is sent to the other House for discussion and approval.

 Presidential Assent: Once both Houses pass the bill, it is sent to the President for approval.

 Becoming an Act: After receiving the President's assent, the bill becomes a law.

3. What are the major powers and functions of the Prime Minster?

Ans.  Head of Government: Leads the executive branch and makes key decisions on government policies.

 Cabinet Formation: Appoints and oversees the Council of Ministers, including Cabinet Ministers.

 Policy Making: Initiates and guides national policies, laws, and reforms.

 Adviser to the President: Acts as the principal adviser to the President on government matters.

 Representing India: Represents India in domestic and international affairs, including diplomacy and
negotiations.

4. Write a short note on – the emergency Power of the President.

Ans.  National Emergency (Article 352): The President can declare a national emergency during war,
external aggression, or armed rebellion, giving the central government expanded powers.

 State Emergency (Article 356): President’s Rule can be imposed in a state if the government is unable to
function according to the Constitution.

 Financial Emergency (Article 360): The President can declare a financial emergency if the financial
stability or credit of India is threatened, allowing for special measures.