Guidelines:

 Level 4: Code Innovator, Topics are briefly described in the document. Learners can prepare themselves from
other out sources.
 The exam consists of multiple-choice questions (MCQs) and a practical coding challenge.
 The total marks for the exam are 50.
 The exam duration is 1 hours.
 MCQs: 25 questions (1 mark each) covering theoretical concepts and computational thinking.
 Coding Challenge: 25 marks for a programming task where logic and implementation will be assessed via provided link.
Link will be sent to the esteemed institutes 1 day before the test.
 MCQs: Correct answers carry full marks; no negative marking.
 Coding Challenge: Evaluation is based on accuracy, efficiency, and code readability.

The MCQs will test:

Basic Programming Concepts: Variables, data types, loops, conditionals.

Problem-Solving Skills: Logical reasoning, algorithms, and flowcharts.
Technological Awareness: Basic understanding of computing terms and emerging technologies.

Coding Challenge Guidelines

You will be provided with a coding problem that will require you to write and execute a program.
Example problem: Write a program to find the sum of all even numbers in a given list.

Ensure your code:

 Produces the correct output for all given test cases.
 Is efficient (optimized logic).
 Includes proper comments for readability.
 Test your code thoroughly before submission.
1. Data Structures & Algorithms
A data structure is a way of organizing and storing data to make it efficient for operations like searching, insertion,
deletion, and updating.

Common Types:
Arrays:
Fixed-size structures that store elements in contiguous memory
locations.
Linked Lists:
Collection of nodes where each node contains data and a
pointer to the next node.
Stacks and Queues: Linear data structures, where stacks use
LIFO (Last In, First Out) and queues use FIFO (First In, First Out).
Trees and Graphs: Hierarchical data structures; trees are used
for hierarchical data representation, while graphs are used to
represent networks.
Real-World Example: Stacks are used in browser history and
undo functions in text editors; queues are used in printer task
management and customer service systems.

Algorithms:

Sorting Algorithms:
Bubble Sort: Repeatedly steps through the list, compares
adjacent elements, and swaps them if needed.
Merge Sort: Uses the divide and conquer approach to divide
the list into halves, sort each half, and merge them.
Searching Algorithms:
Binary Search: Efficiently searches a sorted list by repeatedly
dividing the search interval in half.
Practical Applications: Data structures and algorithms are
widely used in databases, file systems, operating systems, and
more.

Preparatory Links:

 Khan Academy - Intro to Algorithms

Videos:

 Data Structures and Algorithms Crash Course - freeCodeCamp

2. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) in C++ and Python

Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a computer programming

model that organizes software design around data, or objects,
rather than functions and logic. An object can be defined as a data
field that has unique attributes and behavior.
OOP focuses on the objects that developers want to manipulate
rather than the logic required to manipulate them. This approach
to programming is well suited for software that is large, complex
and actively updated or maintained. This includes programs for
manufacturing and design, as well as mobile applications. For
example, OOP can be used for manufacturing system simulation
software.

Classes and Objects: A class is a blueprint for objects; an object is an instance of a class.
Encapsulation: Hides the internal state of an object and only allows access through public methods, enhancing
security.
Inheritance: Allows one class to inherit properties and methods from another, facilitating code reuse.
Polymorphism: Lets you use a single interface to represent different underlying data types. It allows functions or
methods to process objects differently based on their class type.

Preparatory Links:

 TutorialsPoint - C++ OOP Concepts

 Real Python - OOP in Python

Videos:

 OOP Concepts in Python - Telusko

3. Functions & Loops in C++ & Python

Functions are reusable blocks of code that perform specific tasks, making programs more modular. Loops
(like for, while, and do-while loops) allow you to execute code multiple times, reducing redundancy.
Mastering functions and loops is essential for efficient and readable code.

Preparatory Links:

 W3Schools - Functions in C++

 W3Schools - Loops in Python

Videos:

 Loops and Functions in C++ - CodeWithHarry

 https://www.w3schools.com/cpp/cpp_oop.asp
4. Database Integration

Database Basics:
SQL (Structured Query Language): SQL is used to manage and manipulate databases. Key SQL commands include:
SELECT: Retrieves data from a database.
INSERT: Adds new data.
UPDATE: Modifies existing data.
DELETE: Removes data.
CRUD Operations: Represent basic database operations—Create, Read, Update, Delete.

Practical Applications: Database integration is crucial in web development, mobile applications, and data-driven
applications to store and retrieve user data, preferences, and transaction details.

Preparatory Links:

 W3Schools - SQL Tutorial

 Real Python - Database Integration with SQLite

Videos:

 SQL Crash Course - Traversy Media

5. API & Data Handling

What is an API?
An API, or Application Programming Interface, is a set of rules and protocols that allows different software
applications to communicate with each other. APIs serve as a bridge that enables applications to access data or
services from another system or platform without needing to understand the internal workings of that system.
Why Use APIs?
APIs simplify the development
process by allowing applications
to reuse functionality rather
than developing it from scratch.
They enable the integration of
external services, such as
payment gateways, social media
sharing, or data from third-party
platforms like weather and
location services.
How APIs Work:
APIs work through requests and
responses. The client (an application or service) sends a request to the server (API provider) for specific information
or functionality, and the server responds with the requested data or action.
Example: An e-commerce website may use a payment API to process transactions. The website sends a request to
the payment provider’s API, and the API processes the transaction, returning confirmation data to the website.
HTTP Methods in APIs:
GET: Retrieves data from the server (e.g., fetching user information).
POST: Sends data to the server to create a new resource (e.g., submitting a form).
PUT: Updates an existing resource on the server.
DELETE: Removes a resource from the server.
Example of an API Request (Weather API in JSON format):
GET https://api.weather.com/v1/current?city=London&apikey=your_api_key
Here, the GET request asks the weather API for current weather data for London. The API key is required for
authentication.

Data Handling in APIs

Data Formats in APIs:
APIs commonly use data formats like JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) and XML (eXtensible Markup Language) for
data exchange. JSON is lightweight and easier to read, making it popular for web applications.
Understanding JSON:
JSON represents data as key-value pairs, making it ideal for transferring data structures (objects, arrays) over the
web.
Example JSON data:

{
"name": "Alice",
"age": 25,
"skills": ["Python", "JavaScript", "API Development"]}

Handling JSON Data in Code:

Programming languages like Python, JavaScript, and C++ offer libraries and functions to parse (read) and format
(write) JSON data, making it easy to work with APIs.

Real-World Examples:

 Social Media: Platforms use APIs to allow users to post content from one app to another.
 Financial Services: Banking apps may use APIs to connect to other financial institutions for real-time
transaction data.
 Weather Applications: APIs provide current weather data and forecasts, used in various applications from
smartphone weather widgets to news sites.

6. Web Development

What is HTML?

 HTML is the standard language used to create and structure web pages. It defines the content and layout of
a webpage using a series of elements and tags.

Basic Structure of an HTML Document:

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head>

<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>My Web Page</title></head><body>
<h1>Welcome to My Website</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph of text.</p>
<a href="https://www.example.com">Click here to visit Example</a></body></html>

 <!DOCTYPE html>: Declares the document type and version of HTML.

 <html>: The root element that contains the entire web page.
 <head>: Contains metadata like the page title, character set, and links to external resources.
 <body>: Contains the content that is displayed on the webpage (headings, paragraphs, links, images, etc.).
Common HTML Tags:

 <h1> to <h6>: Header tags, where <h1> is the most important heading and <h6> is the least.
 <p>: Paragraph tag for text.
 <a href="url">: Link tag that links to another webpage or resource.
 <img src="image.jpg" alt="description">: Image tag to embed images.
 <ul>, <ol>, <li>: Lists (unordered and ordered).

2. CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)

What is CSS?

 CSS is used to style and layout web pages, including design, colors, fonts, spacing, and positioning of HTML
elements. CSS separates the content (HTML) from the design (CSS), allowing for cleaner code and easier
maintenance.

Basic CSS Syntax:

selector {
property: value;
}

 Selector: The HTML element you want to style.

 Property: The style you want to apply (e.g., color, font-size, margin).
 Value: The value you want for the property (e.g., red, 14px, 20px).

Example of Styling a Webpage:

h1 {
color: blue;
font-size: 30px;
}
p{
font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
line-height: 1.5;
}

Important CSS Concepts:

 Selectors: Target specific HTML elements (p, h1, .class, #id).

 Box Model: All HTML elements are considered to have a box around them, consisting of content, padding,
border, and margin.
 Positioning: CSS offers several ways to position elements on a webpage (static, relative, absolute, fixed,
sticky).
 Flexbox & Grid: Modern layout techniques for arranging elements dynamically.
3. JavaScript (JS)

What is JavaScript?

 JavaScript is a programming language that enables dynamic interactions on websites. It allows for tasks
such as user input validation, animations, form submissions, and dynamically updating content without
reloading the page.

Basic JavaScript Syntax:

let greeting = "Hello, world!";console.log(greeting); // Outputs "Hello, world!" to the console

Summary of Key Concepts:

 HTML is the structure of the web page (content).

 CSS is the design and layout (styling).
 JavaScript adds functionality (dynamic behavior and interactivity).

These three technologies—HTML, CSS, and JavaScript—work together to create modern, interactive websites. As a
web developer, you need to understand how to use them to build responsive, functional, and visually appealing
web pages.

Preparatory Links:

 W3Schools - HTML, CSS, JavaScript Tutorials

 Mozilla Developer Network (MDN) - Web Development Basics
Part 1: Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

Total Marks: 25
Choose the correct answer for each question.

1. Which of the following is used to define a class in c) <picture>

Python? d) <img-src>
a) def
b) class 9. What does API stand for?
c) object a) Application Program Interface
b) Applied Program Information
2. Which of the following is the correct syntax for c) Application Programming Input
creating a variable in C++? d) All of the above
a) int x;
b) x = int; 10. What is the purpose of the return keyword in a
c) variable x; function?
d) x : int; a) To end the function execution
b) To pass a value from the function to the caller
3. Which tag is used to create a hyperlink in HTML? c) To define a global variable
a) <button> d) To display output in the console
b) <a>
c) <link> 11. Which of the following is a data type in C++?
d) <href> a) integer
b) str
4. What does the document.getElementById() method c) float
do in JavaScript? d) all of the above
a) Creates a new HTML element
b) Returns an HTML element with a specified ID 12. In which part of a webpage would you add
c) Deletes an HTML element metadata, like the page title?
d) Updates the page content a) <head>
b) <body>
5. In a for loop in Python, the range function is used to: c) <footer>
a) Determine the end condition of the loop d) <header>
b) Define the step size
c) Define the start point of the loop 13. Which CSS property is used to change the
d) All of the above background color of an element?
a) color
6. Which of the following is NOT a type of loop in b) background-color
Python? c) bg-color
a) for d) background-image
b) while
c) do-while 14. What is the output of the following JavaScript
d) repeat code?

7. Which of the following is the correct way to declare let a = 5;let b = 10;console.log(a + b);
a function in C++? a) 10
a) function myFunction() b) 15
b) def myFunction() c) 50
c) void myFunction() d) undefined
d) func myFunction()

8. Which HTML tag is used to display an image?

a) <img>
b) <image>
15. Which of the following is true about a class in b) Responsive design
Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)? c) Fixed-width design
a) It is a blueprint for creating objects d) Desktop-only layout
b) It defines the behavior of functions
c) It is an instance of a function 21. In C++, what does std::cout do?
d) It is not used in programming a) Accepts user input
b) Outputs data to the console
16. Which of the following is used to create an c) Declares a variable
unordered list in HTML? d) Defines a function
a) <ol>
b) <li> 22. Which of the following is used to define a class in
c) <ul> Python?
d) <list> a) def
b) class
17. What is the default value of a variable in Python if c) function
it is not initialized? d) class_function
a) None
b) 0 23. What is the correct way to link an external CSS file
c) null in an HTML document?
d) undefined a) <link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css">
b) <css link="style.css">
18. Which HTML tag is used to define a table? c) <stylesheet href="style.css">
a) <tr> d) <link src="style.css">
b) <table>
c) <td> 24. Which of the following is the correct way to define
d) <table-row> a variable in JavaScript?
a) var x = 5;
19. Which function is used to parse a string into a b) let x = 5;
number in JavaScript? c) const x = 5;
a) parseInt() d) All of the above
b) toInt()
c) parseNumber() 25. What does the &lt; symbol represent in HTML?
d) convertToInt() a) Greater than
b) Less than
20. Which of the following is a method used in web c) Less than or equal to
development to ensure a webpage looks good on all d) Not equal to
devices?
a) Mobile-first approach
Part 2: Online Code Quiz

Total Marks: 25 Marks

1. You are developing a small library system where books are arranged based on their
titles. A list of book titles is provided, but they are in random order. Write a Python
function that sorts this list alphabetically and returns the sorted list to be displayed on
the system.

2. Imagine you are working on a digital catalog for a bookstore. You need to create a
class in C++ named "Book" that stores information such as the title and author of each
book. Additionally, the class should provide methods for setting these details and
displaying them to the user when they browse the catalog.

3. You are developing a math tutorial application that helps students understand basic
mathematical concepts. One of the lessons includes calculating the factorial of a
number, which is crucial for combinatorics and probability topics. Write a Python or C++
function that takes a user-inputted number and returns its factorial to be displayed as
part of the lesson.

4. You are designing an educational app for children to teach them basic math. One
feature involves demonstrating even numbers within a certain range. Write a Python or
C++ loop that prints all even numbers from 1 to 20 so the app can display them as part
of a lesson on number patterns.

5. Youare creating a simple personal webpage to showcase your profile. The page needs
to have a heading with your name and a short paragraph describing your skills or
interests. Create the HTML structure to represent this webpage.