SERVICEABILITY

CE 12
 LOAD–DEFLECTION BEHAVIOR OF A CONCRETE BEAM

MacGregor, J. G. & Wight, J. K.,(2012). Reinforced concrete: mechanics and design (Vol. 6). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
 Deflection in Beams

National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP2015)

 Deflection in Beams

National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP2015)

 Deflection in Beams

National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP2015)

 Deflection in Beams

National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP2015)

 Deflection in Beams

National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP2015)

 Deflection in Beams

National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP2015)

 Deflection in Beams

National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP2015)

TABLE OF CANTILEVER

LOAD °M EI𝜽 EI𝜹

M 𝑀𝐿 𝑀𝐿2
0 1 2
P
𝑀𝐿 𝑀𝐿2
1 2 3
w
𝑀𝐿 𝑀𝐿2
2
3 4
𝑀𝐿 𝑀𝐿2
3
4 5
 Example 1
A reinforced concrete beam is 300 mm wide and 500 mm deep. The beam
is cantilever over a span of 3 m and carries uniform deadload of 10 kN/m
including its own weight and a uniform live load of 5 kN/m. The beam is
reinforced for tension only with 3-28 mm diameter bars with an effective
depth of 420 mm, f’c=28 MPa, and fy=415 MPa.

a. Calculate the maximum instantaneous deflection due to service loads.

Is the beam serviceable using allowable deflection of L/360?
b. Calculate the deflection for the same loads after 5 years assuming 50%
of the live load is sustained.
300
w kN/m
3-28 𝜙

500
3.0 m

Structural Design 1 (Concrete)

Serviceability
 Example 1.a
a. Calculate the maximum instantaneous deflection due to service loads.
Is the beam serviceable using allowable deflection of L/360.
300
w kN/m
3-28 𝜙

500
3.0 m

Structural Design 1 (Concrete)

Serviceability
 Example 1.a
a. Calculate the maximum instantaneous deflection due to service loads.
Is the beam serviceable using allowable deflection of L/360?
w kN/m

𝛿𝑖

Maximum deflection
𝑤𝐿4
𝛿𝑖 =
8𝐸𝐼𝑒
Service load
𝑤 = 𝑤𝐷𝐿 + 𝑤𝐿𝐿
𝑤 = 10 + 5
𝑤 = 15 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

Structural Design 1 (Concrete)

Serviceability
 Example 1.a
Calculate the effective moment of inertia
3 3
𝑀𝑐𝑟 𝑀𝑐𝑟
𝐼𝑒 = 𝐼𝑔 + 1 − 𝐼𝑐𝑟 < 𝐼𝑔
𝑀𝑎 𝑀𝑎

Modulus of rupture, fr
𝑓𝑟 = 0.62𝜆 𝑓 ′ 𝑐 ; 𝜆 = 1.0 for normal concrete 300
𝑓𝑟 = 0.62 1.0 28
𝑓𝑟 = 3.281 𝑀𝑃𝑎
500
Gross moment of inertia, Ig
1 1
𝐼𝑔 = 𝑏ℎ3 = 300 500 3
12 12
𝐼𝑔 = 3.125𝑥109 𝑚𝑚4

Structural Design 1 (Concrete)

Serviceability
 Example 1.a
Distance of the section centroid from extreme tension fiber, yt
1 1
𝑦𝑡 = ℎ = 500 300
2 2
𝑦𝑡 = 250 mm
yt
Cracking moment, Mcr
𝑓𝑟 𝐼𝑔 3.281 3.125𝑥109 500
𝑀𝑐𝑟 = =
𝑦𝑡 250
𝑀𝑐𝑟 = 41.009 kN. m

Maximum moment, Ma
𝑤𝐿2 15 3 2
𝑀𝑎 = =
2 2
𝑀𝑎 = 67.5 kN. m

Structural Design 1 (Concrete)

Serviceability
 Moment of inertia of the cracked section, Icr
300
Ac

3-28 𝜙
420 – c
500 NA
𝑐
420
2
c

Beam section Transformed/cracked section

Modular ratio, n

𝐸𝑠 200000
𝑛= = → 𝑛 = 8.042
𝐸𝑐 4700 28
𝜋
𝐴𝑐 = 𝑛𝐴𝑠 = 8.042 3 4 28 2 → 𝐴𝑐 = 14855.262 mm2
Moment of areas about the neutral axis
𝑀𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒 = 𝑀𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑤
𝑐
𝐴𝑐 𝑑 − 𝑐 = 𝑏𝑐 2
𝑐
14855.637 420 − 𝑐 = 300 𝑐 2
𝑐 = 160.356 𝑚𝑚

Structural Design 1 (Concrete)

Serviceability
 Moment of inertia of the cracked section, Icr
300
Ac

3-28 𝜙
420 – c
500 NA 420
𝑐
2
c

Beam section Transformed/cracked section

2 1 3 𝑐 2
𝐼𝑐𝑟 = 𝐴𝑐 𝑑 − 𝑐 + 12𝑏𝑐
+𝐴 2
2 1 3 160.356 2
𝐼𝑐𝑟 = 14855.637 420 − 160.356 + 12
300 160.357 + 300 160.357 2

𝐼𝑐𝑟 = 1.414𝑥109 mm4

Effective moment of inertia, Ie

3 3
𝑀𝑐𝑟 𝑀𝑐𝑟
𝐼𝑒 = 𝐼𝑔 + 1 − 𝐼𝑐𝑟
𝑀𝑎 𝑀𝑎
41.009 3 41.009 3
𝐼𝑒 = 3.125𝑥109 + 1 − 1.414𝑥109
67.5 67.5

𝐼𝑒 = 1.798𝑥109 mm4 < 𝐼𝑔 = 3.125𝑥109 mm4 OK!

Structural Design 1 (Concrete)

Serviceability
 a. Calculate the maximum instantaneous deflection due to service loads.
Is the beam serviceable using allowable deflection of L/360?
15 kN/m

𝛿𝑖
Instantaneous deflection
𝑤𝐿4
𝛿𝑖 =
8𝐸𝐼𝑒
4
15 3000
𝛿𝑖 =
8 4700 28 1.798𝑥109

𝛿𝑖 = 3.397 mm

𝐿 3000
𝛿𝑎𝑙𝑙 = =
360 360
𝛿𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 8.333 mm

𝛿𝑖 = 3.397 mm < 𝛿𝑎𝑙𝑙

The beam is serviceable!

Structural Design 1 (Concrete)

Serviceability
 Example 1.b
b. Calculate the deflection for the same loads after 5 years assuming 50%
of the live load is sustained
300
w kN/m
3-28 𝜙

500
3.0 m

Structural Design 1 (Concrete)

Serviceability
 Example 1.b
b. Calculate the deflection for the same loads after 5 years assuming 50%
of the live load is sustained
w kN/m

𝛿𝑖

Maximum deflection
𝑤𝐿4
𝛿𝑖 =
8𝐸𝐼𝑒
Service load
𝑤 = 𝑤𝐷𝐿 + 𝑤𝐿𝐿
𝑤 = 10 + 2.5
𝑤 = 12.5 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

Structural Design 1 (Concrete)

Serviceability
 Example 1.b
Calculate the effective moment of inertia
3 3
𝑀𝑐𝑟 𝑀𝑐𝑟
𝐼𝑒 = 𝐼𝑔 + 1 − 𝐼𝑐𝑟 < 𝐼𝑔
𝑀𝑎 𝑀𝑎

Modulus of rupture, fr
𝑓𝑟 = 0.62𝜆 𝑓 ′ 𝑐 ; 𝜆 = 1.0 for normal concrete 300
𝑓𝑟 = 0.62 1.0 28
𝑓𝑟 = 3.281 𝑀𝑃𝑎
500
Gross moment of inertia, Ig
1 1
𝐼𝑔 = 𝑏ℎ3 = 300 500 3
12 12
𝐼𝑔 = 3.125𝑥109 𝑚𝑚4

Structural Design 1 (Concrete)

Serviceability
 Example 1.b
Distance of the section centroid from extreme tension fiber, yt
1 1
𝑦𝑡 = ℎ = 500 300
2 2
𝑦𝑡 = 250 mm
yt
Cracking moment, Mcr
𝑓𝑟 𝐼𝑔 3.281 3.125𝑥109 500
𝑀𝑐𝑟 = =
𝑦𝑡 250
𝑀𝑐𝑟 = 41.009 kN. m

Maximum moment, Ma
𝑤𝐿2 12.5 3 2
𝑀𝑎 = =
2 2
𝑀𝑎 = 56.25 kN. m

Structural Design 1 (Concrete)

Serviceability
 Moment of inertia of the cracked section, Icr
300
Ac

3-28 𝜙
420 – c
500 NA
𝑐
420
2
c

Beam section Transformed/cracked section

Modular ratio, n

𝐸𝑠 200000
𝑛= = → 𝑛 = 8.042
𝐸𝑐 4700 28
𝜋
𝐴𝑐 = 𝑛𝐴𝑠 = 8.042 3 4 28 2 → 𝐴𝑐 = 14855.262 mm2
Moment of areas about the neutral axis
𝑀𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒 = 𝑀𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑤
𝑐
𝐴𝑐 𝑑 − 𝑐 = 𝑏𝑐 2
𝑐
14855.637 420 − 𝑐 = 300 𝑐 2
𝑐 = 160.356 𝑚𝑚

Structural Design 1 (Concrete)

Serviceability
 Moment of inertia of the cracked section, Icr
300
Ac

3-28 𝜙
420 – c
500 NA 420
𝑐
2
c

Beam section Transformed/cracked section

2 1 3 𝑐 2
𝐼𝑐𝑟 = 𝐴𝑐 𝑑 − 𝑐 + 12𝑏𝑐
+𝐴 2
2 1 3 160.356 2
𝐼𝑐𝑟 = 14855.637 420 − 160.356 + 12
300 160.357 + 300 160.357 2

𝐼𝑐𝑟 = 1.414𝑥109 mm4

Effective moment of inertia, Ie

3 3
𝑀𝑐𝑟 𝑀𝑐𝑟
𝐼𝑒 = 𝐼𝑔 + 1 − 𝐼𝑐𝑟
𝑀𝑎 𝑀𝑎
41.009 3 41.009 3
𝐼𝑒 = 3.125𝑥109 + 1 − 1.414𝑥109
56.25 56.25

𝐼𝑒 = 2.077𝑥109 mm4 < 𝐼𝑔 = 3.125𝑥109 mm4 OK!

Structural Design 1 (Concrete)

Serviceability
 b. Calculate the deflection for the same loads after 5 years assuming 50%
of the live load is sustained
15 kN/m

𝛿𝑖
Time Dependent deflection
𝑤𝐿4
𝛿𝑡 = 𝜆
8𝐸𝐼𝑒 Δ
4
12.5 3000 𝜉
𝛿𝑡 =
8 4700 28 2.077𝑥109 1 + 50𝜌′

𝜉 = 2.0
𝛿5𝑦𝑟𝑠 = 4.901 mm 𝐴′𝑠
𝜌′ = = 0 singly reinforced
𝑏𝑑

Structural Design 1 (Concrete)

Serviceability
 Example 2
A reinforced concrete beam is 300 mm wide and 600 mm deep. The beam
is simply supported over a span of 5 m and carries uniform deadload of
30 kN/m including its own weight and a uniform live load of 35 kN/m.
The beam is reinforced with 2-25 mm diameter top bars and 4-25 mm
diameter bottom bars, f’c=28 MPa, fy=415 Mpa, concrete cover=50mm and
stirrups diameter=10mm.

a. Calculate the maximum instantaneous deflection due to service loads.

Is the beam serviceable using allowable deflection of L/480?
b. Calculate the deflection for the same loads after 5 years assuming 70%
of the live load is sustained.
300
w kN/m
2-25 𝜙

600
5.0 m 4-25 𝜙

Structural Design 1 (Concrete)

Serviceability
 Example 2
Calculate the deflection for the same loads after 5 years assuming 70% of
the live load is sustained.

Structural Design 1 (Concrete)

Serviceability
 Example 2
a. Calculate the maximum instantaneous deflection due to service loads.
Is the beam serviceable using allowable deflection of L/360?

w kN/m

𝛿𝑖

Maximum deflection
5𝑤𝐿4
𝛿𝑖 =
384𝐸𝐼𝑒
Service load
𝑤 = 𝑤𝐷𝐿 + 𝑤𝐿𝐿
𝑤 = 30 + 35
𝑤 = 65 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

Structural Design 1 (Concrete)

Serviceability
 Example 2
Calculate the effective moment of inertia
3 3
𝑀𝑐𝑟 𝑀𝑐𝑟
𝐼𝑒 = 𝐼𝑔 + 1 − 𝐼𝑐𝑟 < 𝐼𝑔
𝑀𝑎 𝑀𝑎

Modulus of rupture, fr
𝑓𝑟 = 0.62𝜆 𝑓 ′ 𝑐 ; 𝜆 = 1.0 for normal concrete 300
𝑓𝑟 = 0.62 1.0 28
𝑓𝑟 = 3.281 𝑀𝑃𝑎
600
Gross moment of inertia, Ig
1 1
𝐼𝑔 = 𝑏ℎ3 = 300 600 3
12 12
𝐼𝑔 = 5.40𝑥109 𝑚𝑚4

Structural Design 1 (Concrete)

Serviceability
 Example 2
Distance of the section centroid from extreme tension fiber, yt
1 1
𝑦𝑡 = ℎ = 600 300
2 2
𝑦𝑡 = 300 mm

Cracking moment, Mcr

𝑓𝑟 𝐼𝑔 3.281 5.4𝑥109 600
𝑀𝑐𝑟 = =
𝑦𝑡 300 yt
𝑀𝑐𝑟 = 59.058 kN. m

Maximum moment, Ma
𝑤𝐿2 65 5 2
𝑀𝑎 = =
8 8
𝑀𝑎 = 203.125 kN. m

Structural Design 1 (Concrete)

Serviceability
 Moment of inertia of the cracked section, Icr
300
d’ A’c
c
2-25 𝜙 c - d’
𝑐
𝑑 = ℎ − 𝑐𝑐 − 𝜙𝑠 − 𝜙2𝑏
2
d 𝑑 = 527.5 mm
600 NA
d–c 𝑑′ = 𝑐𝑐 + 𝜙𝑠 + 𝜙2𝑏
4-25 𝜙 Ac 𝑑′ = 72.5 mm

Beam section Transformed/cracked section

Modular ratio, n
𝐸𝑠 200000
𝑛= = → 𝑛 = 8.042
𝐸𝑐 4700 28
𝐴𝑐 = 𝑛𝐴𝑠 = 8.042 4𝜋4 25 2 → 𝐴𝑐 = 15790.032 mm2
𝐴′𝑐 = 𝑛 − 1 𝐴′𝑠 = 8.042 − 1 2𝜋4 25 2 → 𝐴′𝑐 = 6913.268 mm2
Moment of areas about the neutral axis
𝑀𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑤 = 𝑀𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒
𝑐
𝐴𝑐 𝑑 − 𝑐 = 𝑏𝑐 2
+ 𝐴′𝑐 𝑐 − 𝑑′
𝑐
15790.032 527.5 − 𝑐 = 300 𝑐 2
+6913.268 𝑐 − 72.5
𝑐 = 178.481 𝑚𝑚

Structural Design 1 (Concrete)

Serviceability
 Moment of inertia of the cracked section, Icr
300
72.5 A’c
𝑐 c
2-25 𝜙 c - d’
2
NA 527.5
600
d–c
4-25 𝜙 Ac

Beam section Transformed/cracked section

2 1 3 𝑐 2 2
𝐼𝑐𝑟 = 𝐴𝑐 𝑑 − 𝑐 + 12𝑏𝑐
+𝐴 2
+ 𝐴′𝑐 𝑐 − 𝑑′
2 1 3 178.481 2
𝐼𝑐𝑟 = 15790.032 527.5 − 178.483 + 12 300 178.481 + 300 178.483 2
2
+ 6913.268 178.483 − 72.5
𝐼𝑐𝑟 = 2.57𝑥109 mm4
Effective moment of inertia, Ie
3 3
𝑀𝑐𝑟 𝑀𝑐𝑟
𝐼𝑒 = 𝐼𝑔 + 1 − 𝐼𝑐𝑟
𝑀𝑎 𝑀𝑎
59.053 3 59.053 3
𝐼𝑒 = 5.40𝑥109 + 1 − 2.57𝑥109
203.125 203.125

𝐼𝑒 = 2.639𝑥109 mm4 < 𝐼𝑔 = 5.40𝑥109 mm4 OK!

Structural Design 1 (Concrete)

Serviceability
 a. Calculate the maximum instantaneous deflection due to service loads.
Is the beam serviceable using allowable deflection of L/360?

w kN/m

𝛿𝑖
Instantaneous deflection
5𝑤𝐿4
𝛿𝑖 =
384𝐸𝐼𝑒
4
5 65 5000
𝛿𝑖 =
384 4700 28 2.639𝑥109

𝛿𝑖 = 8.059 mm

𝐿 5000
𝛿𝑎𝑙𝑙 = =
360 360
𝛿𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 13.889 mm

𝛿𝑖 = 8.059 mm < 𝛿𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 13.889 mm

The beam is serviceable!

Structural Design 1 (Concrete)

Serviceability
Seatwork
Determine the maximum instantaneous deflection under dead loads and
live loads for the doubly reinforced beam as shown. The simply
supported beam 6 m long is subjected to a uniform dead load of 7.5 kN/m
including its own weight. And live load of 10 kN/m in addition to a
concentrated load at midspan of 30 kN. Material properties are fc’ 25 MPa
and fy =415MPa. Use normal weight of concrete.

300
60

3-20 𝜙

550

3-25 𝜙

65

Structural Design 1 (Concrete)

Serviceability