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Indian Geography

The document outlines the geographical features of India, including its physiographic divisions, major rivers, climate, natural vegetation, agriculture, minerals, industries, population trends, and transportation. It highlights key regions such as the Himalayan Region, Northern Plains, and Peninsular Plateau, along with significant rivers like the Ganga and Indus. Additionally, it discusses India's agricultural practices, mineral resources, and urbanization trends.

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Debu Sir
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66 views2 pages

Indian Geography

The document outlines the geographical features of India, including its physiographic divisions, major rivers, climate, natural vegetation, agriculture, minerals, industries, population trends, and transportation. It highlights key regions such as the Himalayan Region, Northern Plains, and Peninsular Plateau, along with significant rivers like the Ganga and Indus. Additionally, it discusses India's agricultural practices, mineral resources, and urbanization trends.

Uploaded by

Debu Sir
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Indian Geography

Debopriya

1. Physiographic Divisions of India

• The Himalayan Region: Three parallel ranges – Greater Himalayas, Lesser Himalayas, and
Shivaliks.
• The Northern Plains: Formed by the deposition of rivers (Indus, Ganga, Brahmaputra).
• The Peninsular Plateau: Oldest landmass; divided into the Deccan Plateau and Central Highlands.
• The Coastal Plains: Eastern and Western Coastal Plains.
• The Islands: Andaman & Nicobar (volcanic origin), Lakshadweep (coral origin).

2. Major Rivers of India

• Himalayan Rivers: Indus, Ganga, Brahmaputra – perennial rivers fed by glaciers.


• Peninsular Rivers: Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri, Narmada, Tapi – mostly rain-fed.
• Important Dams: Bhakra Nangal (Sutlej), Hirakud (Mahanadi), Sardar Sarovar (Narmada).

3. Climate of India

• Seasons: Summer (March–June), Monsoon (June–Sept), Winter (Dec–Feb), Post-monsoon (Oct–


Nov).
• Monsoon Types: South-west monsoon (major rainfall), North-east monsoon (Tamil Nadu rainfall).

4. Natural Vegetation & Wildlife

• Types of Forests: Tropical Rainforest, Deciduous, Thorny, Montane, Mangrove.


• Important National Parks: Jim Corbett (Uttarakhand), Kaziranga (Assam), Sundarbans (West
Bengal).

5. Agriculture in India

• Major Crops:
o Food Crops: Rice, Wheat, Millets, Pulses.
o Cash Crops: Sugarcane, Cotton, Tea, Coffee.
o Green Revolution: Increased wheat & rice production.

6. Minerals & Industries

• Major Minerals: Coal (Jharkhand, Odisha), Iron (Chhattisgarh), Bauxite (Odisha), Petroleum
(Assam, Gujarat).
• Major Industries: Textile, Automobile, IT, Steel, Cement.

7. Population & Urbanisation

• Largest State by Population: Uttar Pradesh.


• Most Urbanised State: Tamil Nadu.
• Demographic Trends: Growth rate declining, literacy rate improving.

8. Transportation & Communication

• Railways: 4th largest in the world; Konkan Railway is a major project.


• Roadways: Golden Quadrilateral connects Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata.
• Airways: Major airports – Indira Gandhi International (Delhi), Chhatrapati Shivaji (Mumbai).

9. Indian States & Union Territories

• 28 States, 8 Union Territories.


• Largest State (Area): Rajasthan.
• Smallest State: Goa.

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