Scribd
Upload
11 views24 pages

2b-MAT111-Complex_Numbers_L2b

The document is a lecture note on complex numbers, covering topics such as division, representation on the complex plane (Argand diagram), modulus, and polar form. It includes examples and exercises for students to practice their understanding of complex number operations. Additionally, it introduces De Moivre's Theorem as part of the assignment.

Uploaded by

ayomide.adekoya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
11 views24 pages

2b-MAT111-Complex_Numbers_L2b

The document is a lecture note on complex numbers, covering topics such as division, representation on the complex plane (Argand diagram), modulus, and polar form. It includes examples and exercises for students to practice their understanding of complex number operations. Additionally, it introduces De Moivre's Theorem as part of the assignment.

Uploaded by

ayomide.adekoya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 24

www.covenantuniversity.edu.

ng

Raising a new Generation of Leaders

MAT 111
MATHEMATICS I: ALGEBRA
Dr. S. O. Edeki

COMPLEX NUMBERS
Division of Complex Numbers

To divide two complex numbers, multiply both the


numerator and denominator by the conjugate of the
denominator

2
Division of Complex Numbers
x1  iy1

 x1  iy1   x2  iy2 
.
x2  iy2  x2  iy2   x2  iy2 
x1 x2  ix1 y2  ix2 y1  i y1 y22

x2  i y2
2 2 2

=
 x1 x2  y1 y2   i  x2 y1  x1 y2 
x2 2  y2 2

=
 x1 x2  y1 y2 
i
 x2 y1  x1 y2 
x2  y2
2 2
x2  y2
2 2

3
Ex c1: Simplify the following:
1. z  (6  3i)  (8  2i)

2. z  (6  3i)  (8  2i)

3. z  (6  3i)  (8  2i)

(6  3i)
4. z 
(8  2i)

4
Results: c1
1. 14+i

2. -2+5i

3. 54+12i
42 36
4. i
68 68

5
Classwork/Ex (c2)
(1) Find the complex conjugate of the following:
1
(a ) z  1, (b) z  1, (c ) z 
i
(d ) z  i 2 , (e ) z  1  i 5 , ( f ) z  i  i 4
1  3i 
2

 g z  ,  h z   2  i 
4

 2  i 

6
Remark on Cartesian Plane (Intro to Argand diagram)

• Cartesian FORM and Cartesian PLANE

• The Cartesian plane is a two-dimensional


region where any point in the plane is located
by using two real numbers.

• ‘TWO’ looking for ‘ONE’

7
The Complex Plane (Argand diagram)
The complex number:
z  x  iy =  x , y 
can be represented by apoint on
the complex plane.
The complex plane is often called
the Argand diagram.
8
Ex: Representation on Complex Plane
Represent the fllg on the complex plane:
(1a ) z  2  3i , (1b) z  3  i

 2a  z  3  i  2b  z  3  i

 3a  z  5  3b  z  4i
9
Argand Diagram
y 2 + 3i
3

1 3+i

x
1 2 3

Complex numbers represented as points on the


complex plane.

10
Modulus of Complex Numbers
Im z
z=x+iy

r y

Ꝋ
x Re z

11
Modulus of Complex Numbers
The modulus or absolute value of a complex
number denoted as z is the distance of the point
from the origin and it is defined as

z  x  y r
2 2

12
Example/Exercise
1. Find the modulus of z if z = 3+3i

2. Find the modulus of z if z = 2  2 3i

13
Properties of modulus of a complex number
The modulus or absolute value of a complex
number has the following properties:
1. z1  z 2  z1  z 2
z1 z1
2. 
z2 z2
3. iz  z

14
Intro to Polar form of Complex Numbers (Trig. Form)
In polar representation, a complex number:
.
z=x+iy
is represented by two parameters r and θ,
where r is the modulus of complex number, and
θ is the angle with the positive direction of x-axis.
This representation is very useful when we multiply
or divide complex numbers.
15
Polar form of Complex Numbers
A complex number written in Cartesian form
z  x  iy can also be represented in a polar form:

z  r  cos  i sin  
Note:  is measured from the +ve x-axis in anti-clockwise direction.

16
Ex_60(60)300
Express the following in polar form:
(1) z  1  i 3 , (2) z =  1  i 3

(3) z  1  i 3 , (4) z  1  i 3

17
Hints on special angles

18
Ex2b_Express the following in polar form:

 z1  1  i
z  1  i
 2

 z 3   1  i

 z 4  1  i

19
Ex2_Solutions polar form:
 z1  1  i  2  cos 45  i sin 45 

 z2  1  i  2  cos135  i sin 135 

z 3  1  i  2  cos 225  i sin 225 

 z 4  1  i  2  cos 315  i sin 315 

20
TRUE Polar form of Complex Numbers

In TRUE polar form, the following points are


remarked:
(a) the SIGN of the imaginary unit (i) is always
positive,    0, 360  .
(b)The angle,

21
Ex3_Express the following in true polar forms:

 z1  3  cos 45  i sin 45 

z2   cos( 30)  i sin( 30) 
 z  2 cos 225  i sin 225
 3  
 z  2  cos 60  i sin 60 
 4

22
The root(s) of a complex number

Note: the root of a complex number


is also a complex number.
Ex :
Find square root of the following:
(a) z  i (b) z  1  i (c) z  2  i

23
Assignment
• De Moivre’s Theorem

24

You might also like